Abstract is: The Cyatheaceae are a family of ferns, the scaly tree ferns, one of eight families in the order Cyatheales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family may defined much more broadly (Cyatheaceae sensu lato) as the only family in the Cyatheales, with the PPG I family treated as the subfamily Cyatheoideae. The narrower circumscription is used in this article. The family includes the world's tallest tree ferns, which reach heights up to 20 m. They are also very ancient plants, appearing in the fossil record in the late Jurassic, though the modern genera likely appeared in the Cenozoic. Cyatheaceae are the largest family of tree ferns, including about 640 species. Cyatheaceae and Dicksoniaceae, together with Metaxyaceae and Cibotiaceae, do not form a strongly supported monophyletic group and could be paraphyletic, but several individual subgroups are well supported as being monophyletic. Cyatheaceae are leptosporangiate ferns, the most familiar group of monilophytes. The Cyatheaceae usually have a single, erect or creeping rhizome (stem). Their fronds (leaves) are also very large, although not as large as the tree ferns of the Marattiaceae. Some species have fronds reaching 3–4 m in length, and have a final crown width of some 6 m. The fronds are circinate before unfolding and usually pinnately or bipinnately compound, with deeply pinnately lobed leaflets. The large leaves are covered in scales and hairs, and bear sori (spore clusters) on their undersides. The sori are often covered by a flap of tissue called an indusium, a useful characteristic for classifying the Cyatheaceae. Some indusia are cup-shaped (cyatheoid), while others are hood-shaped (hemitelioid), enclose the sorus (sphaeropteroid), or scaly. Like most ferns, members of the Cyatheaceae are homosporous. Cyatheaceae are found in both New and Old World tropical wet montane forests and cloud forests, with some species extending into south-temperate regions. Most Cyatheaceae are terrestrial, with one being a facultative epiphyte and others having a creeping habit. Cyatheaceae can be distinguished from arborescent Dicksonia by the presence of scales, the position of the sori, and the morphology of sporangia and spores. In the Cyatheaceae, the sori occur away from the margins of the pinnules, and are elongate or rounded.
| taxon | Q16521 |
| P5984 | APNI ID | 54467 |
| P10585 | Catalogue of Life ID | B8V9T |
| P830 | Encyclopedia of Life ID | 4508 |
| P1417 | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID | plant/Cyatheaceae |
| P3031 | EPPO Code | 1CYAF |
| P7552 | Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility's Species List ID | MX.4986308 |
| P6756 | Flora of Australia ID (new) | Cyatheaceae |
| P1747 | Flora of China ID | 10240 |
| P1727 | Flora of North America taxon ID | 10240 |
| P3101 | FloraBase ID | 22724 |
| P842 | Fossilworks taxon ID | 53968 |
| P646 | Freebase ID | /m/0648l_ |
| P846 | GBIF taxon ID | 6624 |
| P227 | GND ID | 4148460-5 |
| P1421 | GRIN URL | https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=1224 |
| P3151 | iNaturalist taxon ID | 64675 |
| P961 | IPNI plant ID | 30003012-2 |
| P5055 | IRMNG ID | 112972 |
| P815 | ITIS TSN | 17930 |
| P8408 | KBpedia ID | Cyatheaceae |
| P244 | Library of Congress authority ID | sh85035035 |
| P6366 | Microsoft Academic ID | 2780221997 |
| P12596 | museum-digital tag ID | 5804 |
| P8189 | National Library of Israel J9U ID | 987007538319205171 |
| P8707 | NBIC taxon ID | 152730 |
| P3240 | NBN System Key | NBNSYS0000159799 |
| P685 | NCBI taxonomy ID | 29635 |
| P2752 | New Zealand Organisms Register ID | e6772207-70e5-4396-9f07-ad086be9668f |
| P9157 | Open Tree of Life ID | 864943 |
| P9423 | OregonFlora taxon ID | 115 |
| P5037 | Plants of the World Online ID | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126785-1 |
| P10701 | Reflora ID | FB90850 |
| P10376 | ScienceDirect topic ID | agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cyatheaceae |
| P4342 | Store norske leksikon ID | Cyatheaceae |
| P960 | Tropicos ID | 42000425 |
| P2892 | UMLS CUI | C1002738 |
| P5945 | VicFlora ID | 85ea0e7b-ab5a-439f-b4bd-32aecbc9727a |
| P7715 | World Flora Online ID | wfo-7000000165 |
| P1343 | described by source | Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, volume 6(3) | Q112869375 |
| P171 | parent taxon | Cyatheales | Q623232 |
| P1843 | taxon common name | Scaly tree ferns | |
| วงศ์เฟริ์นต้น | |||
| 桫椤科 | |||
| 桫欏科 | |||
| 桫椤科 | |||
| P225 | taxon name | Cyatheaceae | |
| P105 | taxon rank | family | Q35409 |
| P910 | topic's main category | Category:Cyatheaceae | Q9436069 |
| Q17489262 | Actinophlebia |
| Q17198593 | Alsophila |
| Q17166760 | Amphicosmia |
| Q17489277 | Amphidesmium |
| Q17489281 | Chnoophora |
| Q5137340 | Cnemidaria |
| Q17166762 | Cormophyllum |
| Q121608 | Cyathea |
| Q17489278 | Dichorexia |
| Q87208411 | Dicranophlebia |
| Q17489279 | Disphenia |
| Q87208430 | Eatoniopteris |
| Q17166765 | Fourniera |
| Q87208449 | Gymnopremnon |
| Q17166772 | Gymnosphaera |
| Q87208468 | Haplophlebia |
| Q17166780 | Hemitelia |
| Q11976321 | Hymenophyllopsis |
| Q87208495 | Microstegnus |
| Q17166786 | Nephelea |
| Q17166791 | Schizocaena |
| Q17166793 | Sphaeropteris |
| Q17166794 | Thysanobotrya |
| Q87208515 | Trachypremnon |
| Q17166796 | Trichipteris |
| Q87180950 | Trichopteris |
| Q87263662 | Trichosorus |
| Q8079185 | × Cyathidaria |
| Q80712014 | Q80712014 |
| Q28948576 | (2255) Proposal to conserve the name Cyathea mucilagina against C. ecuadorensis (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) |
| Q84955066 | (79–80) Request for binding decisions on the descriptive statements associated with Polypodium contaminans and Alsophila brunoniana (Cyatheaceae) |
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| Q111629770 | A contribution to Gymnosphaera (Cyatheaceae) in mainland Asia: Two new species, reinstatement of Cyathea bonii , and their phylogenetic positions |
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| Q56554646 | A new tree fern stem, Heilongjiangcaulis keshanensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Cretaceous of the Songliao Basin, Northeast China: a representative of early Cyatheaceae |
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| Q62016976 | A synopsis of the Neotropical species of Cyathea (Cyatheaceae; Polypodiopsida) with bipinnate fronds |
| Q22696419 | A synopsis of the exindusiate species of Cyathea (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida) with bipinnate-pinnatifid or more complex fronds, with a revision of the C. lasiosora complex |
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| Q55755574 | A “new” tree fern species from southeastern Brazil: Cyathea myriotricha (Cyatheaceae) |
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| Q56167116 | Comparative Studies on Gametophyte Morphology and Development of Seven Species of Cyatheaceae |
| Q62476966 | Comparative analysis of spores of Alsophila (Cyatheaceae) species from southern South America |
| Q60484614 | Conantiopteris schuchmanii, gen. et sp. nov., and the Role of Fossils in Resolving the Phylogeny of Cyatheaceae s.l |
| Q93273142 | Conservation Priorities for Tree Ferns (Cyatheaceae) in Sri Lanka |
| Q22968169 | Correction to Phytotaxa 61: A synopsis of the species of Cyathea (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida) with pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid fronds |
| Q60484603 | Cretaceous tree ferns of western North America: Rickwoodopteris hirsuta gen. et sp. nov. (Cyatheaceae s.l.) |
| Q120164387 | Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Pteridophyta: 3. Cyatheaceae |
| Q55789756 | Cuban novelties in the genusAlsophila (Cyatheaceae) |
| Q106885487 | Cyathea Sm. (Cyatheaceae) on Trindade Island (Brazil): An integrative approach |
| Q55764218 | Cyathea bettinae (Cyatheaceae), a new tree fern from Bolivia |
| Q55772572 | Cyathea concordia (Cyatheaceae), a New Pinnate-Pinnatifid Tree Fern from the Peruvian/Ecuadorian Border |
| Q33928509 | Cyathea cranhamii sp. nov. (Cyatheaceae), anatomically preserved tree fern sori from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, British Columbia |
| Q92299605 | Cyathea exilis Holttum (Pteridophyta: Cyatheaceae) |
| Q90880068 | Cyathea gigantea (Cyatheaceae) as an antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistant organisms |
| Q106885828 | Cyathea gratissima , a new name for a Neotropical tree fern (Cyatheaceae, Polypodiopsida) |
| Q55791940 | Cyathea lamoureuxii (Cyatheaceae): a remarkable new species from the Papuan Peninsula of New Guinea |
| Q60181255 | Cyathea leoniae (Cyatheaceae), a new pinnate-pinnatifid tree fern species from Northern Peru |
| Q111315402 | Cyathea nilgirensis Holttum (Cyatheaceae: Pteridophyta): a threatened tree fern from central Western Ghats, India |
| Q60181485 | Cyathea ruttenbergii, a new tree fern (Cyatheaceae, Polypodiopsida) from Puerto Rico |
| Q55764098 | Cyathea srilankensis Ranil (Cyatheaceae): A New Tree Fern Species From Sri Lanka |
| Q28944422 | Cyathea sunduei, a new name for a recently described Colombian tree fern (Cyatheaceae) |
| Q118462483 | Cyatheaceae endémicas del Perú |
| Q100715024 | Demography of Cyathea hornei (Cyatheaceae), a Tropical Tree-Fern in Fiji |
| Q58389536 | Diurnal and seasonal variations in photosynthetic and morphological traits of the tree ferns Dicksonia antarctica (Dicksoniaceae) and Cyathea australis (Cyatheaceae) in wet sclerophyll forests of Australia |
| Q118641275 | Diversity and endemism of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae: Polypodiopsida) in the Central Andes along latitudinal and elevation gradients |
| Q118642767 | Diversity and endemism of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae: Polypodiopsida) in the Central Andes along latitudinal and elevation gradients |
| Q23009854 | Do you know Cyathea divergens (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida)? |
| Q100711086 | Effect of storage temperature on spore viability and early gametophyte development of three vulnerable species of Alsophila (Cyatheaceae) |
| Q58389550 | Effects of sudden exposure to high light levels on two tree fern species Dicksonia antarctica (Dicksoniaceae) and Cyathea australis (Cyatheaceae) acclimated to different light intensities |
| Q55773870 | Eight New Species of Tree Ferns (Cyathea, Cyatheaceae) from the American Tropics and Three New Combinations |
| Q93469976 | Eleven New Scaly Tree Ferns (Cyathea: Cyatheaceae) from Peru |
| Q64081958 | Evolution of the climatic niche in scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Polypodiopsida) |
| Q92426031 | FLORA DA RESERVA DUCKE, AMAZONAS, BRASIL: PTERIDOPHYTA -CYATHEACEAE |
| Q56167177 | First Record of Cyatheaceae in Uruguay |
| Q50105516 | First record of galls in the tree fern Cyathea phalerata (Cyatheaceae) from a Tropical Rainforest in Brazil |
| Q92430679 | Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Cyatheaceae |
| Q124714475 | Flora of New Zealand – Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 13. Cyatheaceae |
| Q101105217 | Gametophyte Development of Three Species in Cyatheaceae |
| Q111505683 | Gametophyte Morphological Aberration Diversity of Chinese Cyatheaceae under Different Substrate |
| Q105625789 | Gametophyte Morphological Variations of Sphaeropteris brunoniana(Cyatheaceae) under Four Culture Conditions |
| Q111629162 | Genetic structure and phylogeography of a relict tree fern, Sphaeropteris brunoniana (Cyatheaceae) from China and Laos inferred from cpDNA sequence variations: Implications for conservation |
| Q28651722 | Global biogeography of scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae): evidence for Gondwanan vicariance and limited transoceanic dispersal |
| Q100412553 | HYBRIDS IN AMERICAN CYATHEACEAE |
| Q42946292 | Hainan Tree Ferns (Cyatheaceae): Morphological, Ecological and Phytogeographical Observations |
| Q112774560 | Herbivory and leaf expansion of Cyathea phalerata Mart. (Cyatheaceae) in subtropical Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil |
| Q46552847 | In vitro propagation of Cyathea atrovirens (Cyatheaceae): spore storage and sterilization conditions. |
| Q111505651 | Influence of Lead and Cadmium Stress on Sperm’s Behavior and Morphology of Sphaeropteris lepifera （Cyatheaceae） |
| Q106302820 | Instructions for collecting tree ferns of the family Cyatheaceae |
| Q113181081 | Leaf phenological traits of the tree fern Cyathea praecincta (Cyatheaceae) in a Brazilian lowland tropical forest |
| Q111502116 | Morphological Development of Juvenile Sporophyte Fronds of Four Species in Cyatheaceae and Their Systematic Significance |
| Q129817059 | Morphology and ultrastructure of Sphaeropteris spores (Cyatheaceae) from the Neotropics |
| Q93273971 | Morphology of the Gametophytes and Young Sporophytes of Cyatheaceae Native to Taiwan |
| Q56190686 | Mortoniodendron (Tiliaceae) and Sphaeropteris/Trichipteris (Cyatheaceae) in Cenozoic Deposits of the Gulf-Caribbean Region |
| Q100550232 | NEW CYATHEACEAE FROM COLOMBIA |
| Q100413238 | NEW TAXA AND NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN THE GENUS TRICHIPTERIS (CYATHEACEAE) |
| Q93452022 | New Additions of Scaly Tree Ferns (Cyatheaceae) to the Flora of Colombia |
| Q22696271 | New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae) |
| Q101298204 | New records of Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (Cyatheaceae) from Argentina |
| Q62016977 | New records, names and combinations of scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae) in eastern Malesia |
| Q95996043 | New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) from the northern Andes |
| Q93439388 | New species of scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae) from New Guinea, and new combinations for the family for Malesia |
| Q30685954 | New species, newly used names and new ranges of tree ferns (Filicales: Cyatheaceae) in the Neotropics |
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| Q95462968 | Phylogenetic Implications of Chloroplast DNA Variation in the Cyatheaceae. I. |
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| Q34388199 | Population genetic variation in the tree fern Alsophila spinulosa (Cyatheaceae): effects of reproductive strategy |
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| Q111657396 | The Classification of the Cyatheaceae in China |
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| Q55764584 | The Disposition of Trichopteris (Cyatheaceae) |
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| Q94389203 | The classification of the Cyatheaceae. |
| Q62016975 | The scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida) of Brazil |
| Q96657802 | The true identity of the Gymnosphaera gigantea (Cyatheaceae) in China |
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| Q55765167 | Two New Species of Cnemidaria (Cyatheaceae) from Panama |
| Q55764267 | Two new tree ferns (Cyatheaceae) from southern Ecuador |
| Q119725866 | Uma nova especie de Cyathea (Cyatheaceae) do Brasil |
| Q109503341 | Un Gymnosphæra (Cyatheaceae) nouveau d'Afrique occidentale |
| Q93499362 | Validation of a New Combination in the genus Alsophila (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida) |
| Q87005446 | Validation of the combination Gymnosphaera gigantea (Cyatheaceae). |
| Q42644991 | Variation in performance of the tree fern Cyathea caracasana (Cyatheaceae) across a successional mosaic in an Andean cloud forest |
| Q64928782 | [Colonization and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in Alsophila firma (Cyatheales: Cyatheaceae) from a tropical montane cloud forest in Veracruz, México]. |
| Q104174838 | Adiciones y correcciones a la flora pteridofítica (Cyatheaceae) del noroeste de Argentina |
| Q9436069 | Category:Cyatheaceae | category's main topic | P301 |