Abstract is: The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system, which was written to be a free (libre) replacement for Unix. Linux is provided under the GNU General Public License version 2 only, but it contains files under other compatible licenses. Since the late 1990s, it has been included as part of a large number of operating system distributions, many of which are commonly also called Linux. Linux is deployed on a wide variety of computing systems, such as embedded devices, mobile devices (including its use in the Android operating system), personal computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It can be tailored for specific architectures and for several usage scenarios using a family of simple commands (that is, without the need of manually editing its source code before compilation); privileged users can also fine-tune kernel parameters at runtime. Most of the Linux kernel code is written using the GNU extensions of GCC to the standard C programming language and with the use of architecture-specific instructions (ISA) in limited parts of the kernel. This produces a highly optimized executable (vmlinux) with respect to utilization of memory space and task execution times. Day-to-day development discussions take place on the Linux kernel mailing list (LKML). Changes are tracked using the version control system git, which was originally authored by Torvalds as a free software replacement for BitKeeper.
| kernel | Q9662 |
| project | Q170584 |
| free and open-source software | Q506883 |
| collaborative work | Q15545584 |
| P6949 | announcement date | 1991-08-25 | |
| P11197 | build system | Kernel Build System | Q114901268 |
| P275 | copyright license | GNU General Public License, version 2.0 | Q10513450 |
| P6216 | copyright status | copyrighted | Q50423863 |
| P170 | creator | Linus Torvalds | Q34253 |
| P178 | developer | Linus Torvalds | Q34253 |
| Alan Cox | Q55123 | ||
| Ingo Molnár | Q92779 | ||
| Andrew Morton | Q92956 | ||
| Greg Kroah-Hartman | Q93084 | ||
| P1889 | different from | Linux | Q388 |
| P112 | founded by | Linus Torvalds | Q34253 |
| P527 | has part(s) | dm-crypt | Q286943 |
| Linux Kernel API | Q6555064 | ||
| P2184 | history of topic | history of Linux | Q1517650 |
| Linux kernel version history | Q75699628 | ||
| P571 | inception | 1991-08-25 | |
| P822 | mascot | Tux | Q131200 |
| P138 | named after | Unix | Q11368 |
| Linus Torvalds | Q34253 | ||
| P361 | part of | Android | Q94 |
| Linux | Q388 | ||
| P400 | platform | ARM architecture | Q16980 |
| PA-RISC | Q113585 | ||
| x86 | Q182933 | ||
| Blackfin | Q185426 | ||
| PowerPC | Q209860 | ||
| Atmel AVR | Q216651 | ||
| x86-64 | Q272629 | ||
| SPARC | Q273190 | ||
| Itanium | Q390389 | ||
| MIPS architecture | Q527464 | ||
| DEC Alpha | Q858065 | ||
| Motorola 68000 family | Q937498 | ||
| SuperH | Q1205020 | ||
| ETRAX CRIS | Q1276125 | ||
| IBM S/390 | Q1361373 | ||
| Xtensa | Q11902558 | ||
| TILE64 | Q3979563 | ||
| Unicore | Q7884761 | ||
| z/Architecture | Q8062893 | ||
| P277 | programmed in | C | Q15777 |
| P2700 | protocol | Internet Protocol | Q8795 |
| Transmission Control Protocol | Q8803 | ||
| Internet Protocol version 4 | Q11103 | ||
| User Datagram Protocol | Q11163 | ||
| Stream Control Transmission Protocol | Q576997 | ||
| Datagram Congestion Control Protocol | Q1049960 | ||
| IPv6 | Q2551624 | ||
| P3721 | public key fingerprint | 647F 2865 4894 E3BD 4571 99BE 38DB BDC8 6092 693E | |
| P577 | publication date | 1991-09-17 | |
| P348 | software version identifier | 6.9.6 | |
| 6.10-rc4 | |||
| P989 | spoken text audio | nl:Wikipedia:Wikiproject gesproken Wikipedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Artists: Jeroen at Dutch Wikipedia This work is copyrighted. Attribution is required. | |
| P910 | topic's main category | Category:Linux kernel | Q8591680 |
| P1424 | topic's main template | Template:Linux kernel | Q19270480 |
FileName: Linux 5.13.5 boot message screenshot.png
Description: Screenshot of Linux 5.13.5 boot information from dmesg
Artist:
Software: Linux kernel developers
Screenshot:
VulcanSphereWork is copyrighted.
License: GPLv2
Attribution is required.
| Q104778337 | am335x-boneblack.dts |
| Q97305278 | am335x-bonegreen.dts |
| Q104236208 | exynos4210-i9100.dts |
| Q90612899 | exynos4412-i9300.dts |
| Q104236109 | exynos4412-i9305.dts |
| Q124350805 | imx6q-tbs2910.dts |
| Q124350833 | rk3399-rock-4c-plus.dts |
| Q124350778 | sun7i-a20-olinuxino-lime2-emmc.dts |
| Q124350789 | sun7i-a20-olinuxino-lime2.dts |
| Q379635 | Advanced Linux Sound Architecture |
| Q5190797 | Crypto API |
| Q377539 | Kernel-based Virtual Machine |
| Q29639345 | Linux Security Module |
| Q2550704 | Linux Security Modules |
| Q942617 | Linux Unified Key Setup |
| Q3241705 | Linux-RT |
| Q849005 | LogFS |
| Q83639123 | MDM9615 Global Clock Controller Linux driver |
| Q7071980 | O(1) scheduler |
| Q7071982 | O(n) scheduler |
| Q28975568 | WireGuard |
| Q29879211 | _sysctl |
| Q29466402 | accept |
| Q29879394 | accept4 |
| Q29466124 | access |
| Q29879219 | acct |
| Q29879332 | add_key |
| Q29879214 | adjtimex |
| Q29879243 | afs_syscall |
| Q29466339 | alarm |
| Q29879213 | arch_prctl |
| Q16991599 | bcache |
| Q29466457 | bind |
| Q29879438 | bpf |
| Q29466031 | brk |
| Q29879170 | capget |
| Q29879171 | capset |
| Q29879095 | chdir |
| Q29879112 | chmod |
| Q29879114 | chown |
| Q29879217 | chroot |
| Q29879417 | clock_adjtime |
| Q29879305 | clock_getres |
| Q29879304 | clock_gettime |
| Q29879307 | clock_nanosleep |
| Q29879303 | clock_settime |
| Q3126941 | clone |
| Q29465927 | close |
| Q29466394 | connect |
| Q29879445 | copy_file_range |
| Q111938460 | cpupower |
| Q29879105 | creat |
| Q29879233 | create_module |
| Q3020575 | deadline scheduler |
| Q29879235 | delete_module |
| Q965243 | devfs |
| Q1206778 | device mapper |
| Q286943 | dm-crypt |
| Q29466293 | dup |
| Q29466299 | dup2 |
| Q29879400 | dup3 |
| Q29879284 | epoll_create |
| Q29879398 | epoll_create1 |
| Q29879311 | epoll_ctl |
| Q29879286 | epoll_ctl_old |
| Q29879375 | epoll_pwait |
| Q29879309 | epoll_wait |
| Q29879287 | epoll_wait_old |
| Q29879379 | eventfd |
| Q29879397 | eventfd2 |
| Q29466563 | execve |
| Q29879439 | execveat |
| Q29466570 | exit |
| Q29879308 | exit_group |
| Q104236208 | exynos4210-i9100.dts |
| Q104236180 | exynos4412-n710x.dts |
| Q29879360 | faccessat |
| Q29879295 | fadvise64 |
| Q29879381 | fallocate |
| Q29879410 | fanotify_init |
| Q29879411 | fanotify_mark |
| Q29879098 | fchdir |
| Q29879113 | fchmod |
| Q29879358 | fchmodat |
| Q29879116 | fchown |
| Q29879348 | fchownat |
| Q29879082 | fcntl |
| Q29879086 | fdatasync |
| Q29879256 | fgetxattr |
| Q29879427 | finit_module |
| Q29879261 | flistxattr |
| Q29879083 | flock |
| Q29466545 | fork |
| Q29879265 | fremovexattr |
| Q29879252 | fsetxattr |
| Q29465947 | fstat |
| Q29879187 | fstatfs |
| Q29879084 | fsync |
| Q18153228 | ftrace |
| Q29879090 | ftruncate |
| Q29879269 | futex |
| Q29879349 | futimesat |
| Q29879237 | get_kernel_syms |
| Q29879318 | get_mempolicy |
| Q29879366 | get_robust_list |
| Q29879282 | get_thread_area |
| Q29879422 | getcpu |
| Q29879093 | getcwd |
| Q29879091 | getdents |
| Q29879289 | getdents64 |
| Q29879147 | getegid |
| Q29879146 | geteuid |
| Q29879141 | getgid |
| Q29879156 | getgroups |
| Q29466331 | getitimer |
| Q29466485 | getpeername |
| Q29879164 | getpgid |
| Q29879151 | getpgrp |
| Q29466359 | getpid |
| Q29879241 | getpmsg |
| Q29879149 | getppid |
| Q29879189 | getpriority |
| Q29879434 | getrandom |
| Q29879163 | getresgid |
| Q29879161 | getresuid |
| Q29879121 | getrlimit |
| Q29879122 | getrusage |
| Q29879169 | getsid |
| Q29466473 | getsockname |
| Q29466517 | getsockopt |
| Q29879247 | gettid |
| Q29879120 | gettimeofday |
| Q29879139 | getuid |
| Q29879253 | getxattr |
| Q29879234 | init_module |
| Q29879340 | inotify_add_watch |
| Q29879339 | inotify_init |
| Q29879402 | inotify_init1 |
| Q29879341 | inotify_rm_watch |
| Q29879280 | io_cancel |
| Q29879275 | io_destroy |
| Q29879277 | io_getevents |
| Q29879274 | io_setup |
| Q29879278 | io_submit |
| Q105972203 | io_uring |
| Q29466074 | ioctl |
| Q29879232 | ioperm |
| Q29879231 | iopl |
| Q29879337 | ioprio_get |
| Q29879336 | ioprio_set |
| Q29879426 | kcmp |
| Q29879437 | kexec_file_load |
| Q29879329 | kexec_load |
| Q29879335 | keyctl |
| Q29466603 | kill |
| Q29879118 | lchown |
| Q29879255 | lgetxattr |
| Q29879106 | link |
| Q29879354 | linkat |
| Q29466464 | listen |
| Q29879257 | listxattr |
| Q29879259 | llistxattr |
| Q29879283 | lookup_dcookie |
| Q29879263 | lremovexattr |
| Q29465979 | lseek |
| Q29879251 | lsetxattr |
| Q29465963 | lstat |
| Q29466176 | madvise |
| Q29879316 | mbind |
| Q96473315 | media/v4l-drivers/imx.rst |
| Q29879442 | membarrier |
| Q29879435 | memfd_create |
| Q29879342 | migrate_pages |
| Q29466169 | mincore |
| Q29879102 | mkdir |
| Q29879345 | mkdirat |
| Q29879180 | mknod |
| Q29879346 | mknodat |
| Q29879203 | mlock |
| Q29879443 | mlock2 |
| Q29879205 | mlockall |
| Q29465996 | mmap |
| Q29879209 | modify_ldt |
| Q29879223 | mount |
| Q29879373 | move_pages |
| Q29466001 | mprotect |
| Q29879326 | mq_getsetattr |
| Q29879325 | mq_notify |
| Q29879320 | mq_open |
| Q29879324 | mq_timedreceive |
| Q29879322 | mq_timedsend |
| Q29879321 | mq_unlink |
| Q29466152 | mremap |
| Q29879081 | msgctl |
| Q29879076 | msgget |
| Q29879080 | msgrcv |
| Q29879078 | msgsnd |
| Q29466160 | msync |
| Q29879204 | munlock |
| Q29879206 | munlockall |
| Q29466018 | munmap |
| Q29879414 | name_to_handle_at |
| Q29466322 | nanosleep |
| Q29879350 | newfstatat |
| Q29879240 | nfsservctl |
| Q3343404 | noop scheduler |
| Q7095932 | open |
| Q29879415 | open_by_handle_at |
| Q29879344 | openat |
| Q29466307 | pause |
| Q29879408 | perf_event_open |
| Q29879182 | personality |
| Q29466135 | pipe |
| Q29879401 | pipe2 |
| Q29879210 | pivot_root |
| Q29879450 | pkey_alloc |
| Q29879451 | pkey_free |
| Q29879448 | pkey_mprotect |
| Q29465968 | poll |
| Q29879362 | ppoll |
| Q29879212 | prctl |
| Q29466081 | pread64 |
| Q29879404 | preadv |
| Q29879446 | preadv2 |
| Q29879413 | prlimit64 |
| Q29879423 | process_vm_readv |
| Q29879425 | process_vm_writev |
| Q29879361 | pselect6 |
| Q29879138 | ptrace |
| Q29879242 | putpmsg |
| Q29466087 | pwrite64 |
| Q29879405 | pwritev |
| Q29879447 | pwritev2 |
| Q29879238 | query_module |
| Q29879239 | quotactl |
| Q29465897 | read |
| Q29879248 | readahead |
| Q29879111 | readlink |
| Q29879357 | readlinkat |
| Q29466091 | readv |
| Q29879227 | reboot |
| Q29466424 | recvfrom |
| Q29879409 | recvmmsg |
| Q29466441 | recvmsg |
| Q29879288 | remap_file_pages |
| Q29879262 | removexattr |
| Q29879100 | rename |
| Q29879353 | renameat |
| Q29879431 | renameat2 |
| Q29879333 | request_key |
| Q29879292 | restart_syscall |
| Q29879104 | rmdir |
| Q29466051 | rt_sigaction |
| Q29879172 | rt_sigpending |
| Q29466058 | rt_sigprocmask |
| Q29879174 | rt_sigqueueinfo |
| Q29466070 | rt_sigreturn |
| Q29879177 | rt_sigsuspend |
| Q29879173 | rt_sigtimedwait |
| Q29879406 | rt_tgsigqueueinfo |
| Q29879198 | sched_get_priority_max |
| Q29879199 | sched_get_priority_min |
| Q29879271 | sched_getaffinity |
| Q29879430 | sched_getattr |
| Q29879194 | sched_getparam |
| Q29879197 | sched_getscheduler |
| Q29879201 | sched_rr_get_interval |
| Q29879270 | sched_setaffinity |
| Q29879429 | sched_setattr |
| Q29879192 | sched_setparam |
| Q29879195 | sched_setscheduler |
| Q29466146 | sched_yield |
| Q29879433 | seccomp |
| Q29879246 | security |
| Q307386 | select |
| Q29879074 | semctl |
| Q29879071 | semget |
| Q29879073 | semop |
| Q29879293 | semtimedop |
| Q29466368 | sendfile |
| Q29879419 | sendmmsg |
| Q29466432 | sendmsg |
| Q29466413 | sendto |
| Q29879317 | set_mempolicy |
| Q29879365 | set_robust_list |
| Q29879273 | set_thread_area |
| Q29879291 | set_tid_address |
| Q29879230 | setdomainname |
| Q29879167 | setfsgid |
| Q29879165 | setfsuid |
| Q29879145 | setgid |
| Q29879157 | setgroups |
| Q29879228 | sethostname |
| Q29466347 | setitimer |
| Q29879421 | setns |
| Q29879148 | setpgid |
| Q29879190 | setpriority |
| Q29879155 | setregid |
| Q29879162 | setresgid |
| Q29879159 | setresuid |
| Q29879154 | setreuid |
| Q29879216 | setrlimit |
| Q29879153 | setsid |
| Q29466510 | setsockopt |
| Q29879220 | settimeofday |
| Q29879143 | setuid |
| Q29879249 | setxattr |
| Q29466281 | shmat |
| Q29466290 | shmctl |
| Q29879075 | shmdt |
| Q29466180 | shmget |
| Q29466449 | shutdown |
| Q29879178 | sigaltstack |
| Q29879377 | signalfd |
| Q29879396 | signalfd4 |
| Q29466383 | socket |
| Q29466497 | socketpair |
| Q7578557 | splice |
| Q29465940 | stat |
| Q29879186 | statfs |
| Q29879452 | statx |
| Q29879226 | swapoff |
| Q29879225 | swapon |
| Q29879110 | symlink |
| Q29879356 | symlinkat |
| Q29879218 | sync |
| Q29879370 | sync_file_range |
| Q29879418 | syncfs |
| Q29879188 | sysfs |
| Q29879135 | sysinfo |
| Q29879140 | syslog |
| Q29879369 | tee |
| Q29879312 | tgkill |
| Q29879267 | time |
| Q29879296 | timer_create |
| Q29879301 | timer_delete |
| Q29879300 | timer_getoverrun |
| Q29879299 | timer_gettime |
| Q29879297 | timer_settime |
| Q29879378 | timerfd_create |
| Q29879393 | timerfd_gettime |
| Q29879392 | timerfd_settime |
| Q29879137 | times |
| Q29879266 | tkill |
| Q29879088 | truncate |
| Q29879245 | tuxcall |
| Q29879119 | umask |
| Q29879224 | umount2 |
| Q29878864 | uname |
| Q29879108 | unlink |
| Q29879352 | unlinkat |
| Q29879364 | unshare |
| Q29879181 | uselib |
| Q29879441 | userfaultfd |
| Q29879185 | ustat |
| Q29879179 | utime |
| Q29879374 | utimensat |
| Q29879313 | utimes |
| Q29466553 | vfork |
| Q29879207 | vhangup |
| Q29879371 | vmsplice |
| Q29879314 | vserver |
| Q29466578 | wait4 |
| Q29879331 | waitid |
| Q8038397 | write |
| Q29466097 | writev |
| Q1545633 | Netfilter |
| Q115017639 | Ulogd |
| Q114589277 | conntrack-tools |
| Q1672183 | ipchains |
| Q284612 | iptables |
| Q116414384 | libnftnl |
| Q7021717 | nftables |
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| Q6555099 | Linux kernel mailing list |
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| Q120336200 | Christian Brauner | field of work | P101 |
| Q11961791 | Q11961791 | genre | P136 |
| Q6821403 | Template:Linux kernel timeline | depicts | P180 |
| Q124289462 | Special Register Buffer Data Sampling | described by source | P1343 |
| Q19270480 | Template:Linux kernel | template has topic | P1423 |
| Q388 | Linux | different from | P1889 |
| Q4103363 | vanilla kernel | subclass of | P279 |
| Q92930 | Theodore Ts'o | contributed to creative work | P3919 |
| Q131200 | Tux | symbolizes | P4878 |
| Q15894890 | Outreachy | participant | P710 |
| Q123688369 | Macronix MX25L6405D | compatible with | P8956 |
| Q13268088 | Category:Linux kernel-related software | category combines topics | P971 |
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