Abstract is: The northern bald ibis, hermit ibis, or waldrapp (Geronticus eremita) is a migratory bird found in barren, semi-desert or rocky habitats, often close to running water. This 70–80 cm (28–31 in) glossy black ibis, which, unlike many members of the ibis family, is non-wading, has an unfeathered red face and head, and a long, curved red bill. It breeds colonially on coastal or mountain cliff ledges, where it typically lays two to three eggs in a stick nest, and feeds on lizards, insects, and other small animals. The northern bald ibis was once widespread across the Middle East, northern Africa, southern and central Europe, with a fossil record dating back at least 1.8 million years. It disappeared from Europe over 300 years ago, although reintroduction programs in the region are underway. In 2019 there were about 700 wild birds remaining in southern Morocco, and fewer than 10 in Syria, where it was rediscovered in 2002 but where their number declined in the following years, maybe to zero. To combat these low numbers, reintroduction programs have been instituted internationally in recent times, with a semi-wild breeding colony in Turkey which counted almost 250 birds in 2018 as well as sites in Austria, Italy, Spain, and northern Morocco. These programs and the natural growth in Morocco from about 200 birds in the 1990s helped to downlist the northern bald ibis from Critically Endangered to Endangered on the IUCN Red List in 2018. There are about 2000 northern bald ibises living in captivity. The reasons for the species' long-term decline are unclear, but hunting, loss of foraging habitat, and pesticide poisoning have been implicated in the rapid loss of colonies in recent decades.
| taxon | Q16521 |
| P4024 | ADW taxon ID | Geronticus_eremita |
| P2833 | ARKive ID (archived) | geronticus-eremita |
| northern-bald-ibis/geronticus-eremita | ||
| P2026 | Avibase taxon ID | B20FECE2231097F4 |
| P5257 | BirdLife taxon ID | 22697488 |
| P3606 | BOLD Systems taxon ID | 112819 |
| P12554 | CalPhotos taxon ID | Geronticus+eremita |
| P10585 | Catalogue of Life ID | 3FWY9 |
| P2040 | CITES Species+ ID | 7558 |
| P6033 | CMS ID | geronticus-eremita |
| P935 | Commons gallery | Geronticus eremita |
| P6864 | eBiodiversity ID | 61727 |
| P3444 | eBird taxon ID | waldra1 |
| P6030 | ECOS ID | 2971 |
| P830 | Encyclopedia of Life ID | 45513839 |
| P1417 | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID | animal/hermit-ibis |
| P6177 | EUNIS ID for species | 1065 |
| P3459 | EURING number | 1400 |
| P1895 | Fauna Europaea ID | 96666 |
| P4807 | Fauna Europaea New ID | f8293ddd-6dc2-45a1-9eba-31ec8f924124 |
| P842 | Fossilworks taxon ID | 368913 |
| P646 | Freebase ID | /m/01jfd5 |
| P846 | GBIF taxon ID | 2480770 |
| P227 | GND ID | 4400208-7 |
| P3151 | iNaturalist taxon ID | 3753 |
| P5055 | IRMNG ID | 10461389 |
| P815 | ITIS TSN | 174953 |
| P627 | IUCN taxon ID | 22697488 |
| P8408 | KBpedia ID | NorthernBaldIbis |
| P9503 | MyBIS species ID | 49230 |
| P8189 | National Library of Israel J9U ID | 987007535163805171 |
| P8707 | NBIC taxon ID | 175119 |
| P3240 | NBN System Key | NHMSYS0000533299 |
| P685 | NCBI taxonomy ID | 100822 |
| P6105 | Observation.org taxon ID | 73516 |
| P6025 | Oiseaux.net ID | ibis.chauve |
| P9157 | Open Tree of Life ID | 1010564 |
| P10907 | Paleobiology Database taxon ID | 368913 |
| P3186 | TAXREF ID | 2526 |
| P5397 | Tierstimmenarchiv ID | 7532 |
| 7532 | ||
| P2892 | UMLS CUI | C1046443 |
| P2426 | Xeno-canto species ID | Geronticus-eremita |
| P8915 | ZOBODAT taxon ID | 20528 |
| P7603 | CITES Appendix | Appendix I of CITES | Q2851528 |
| P7770 | egg incubation period | 27 | |
| P141 | IUCN conservation status | endangered species | Q96377276 |
| P7725 | litter size | 2.8 | |
| P6104 | maintained by WikiProject | WikiProject Invasion Biology | Q56241615 |
| P2067 | mass | 68 | |
| P171 | parent taxon | Geronticus | Q913200 |
| P1813 | short name | G. eremita | |
| P1843 | taxon common name | ibis pelón | |
| Ibiz moal an hanternoz | |||
| ibis ermità | |||
| ibis skalní | |||
| Eremitibis | |||
| Waldrapp | |||
| Bald Ibis | |||
| Hermit Ibis | |||
| Northern bald ibis | |||
| Northern Bald Ibis | |||
| Waldrapp | |||
| Ibis eremita | |||
| Ibis Eremita | |||
| kaljuiibis | |||
| töyhtöiibis | |||
| Ibis chauve | |||
| Íbis mhaol | |||
| Eebis veayl | |||
| ćelavi ibis | |||
| tarvarjú | |||
| Skallaíbis | |||
| Ibis eremita | |||
| ホオアカトキ | |||
| miškinis ibis | |||
| klinšu ibiss | |||
| Skallet ibis | |||
| Heremietibis | |||
| ibis grzywiasty | |||
| íbis-pelado | |||
| Лесной ибис | |||
| Eaidanasibis | |||
| ibis skalný | |||
| klavžar | |||
| eremitibis | |||
| ібіс-лисоголов мароканський | |||
| P225 | taxon name | Geronticus eremita | |
| P105 | taxon rank | species | Q7432 |
FileName: Geronticus eremita.jpg
Description: Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita, near Tamri, Morocco
Artist: MPF
Work is copyrighted.
License: CC BY 2.5
Attribution is required.
FileName: Morocco bald ibis map-01.png
Description: Map showing the areas used by the remaining colonies of Northern Bald Ibis
Artist: Jimfbleak
Work is copyrighted.
License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Attribution is required.
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