Abstract is: The Hebrew alphabet (Hebrew: אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי, Alefbet ivri), known variously by scholars as the Ktav Ashuri, Jewish script, square script and block script, is an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language and other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian. It is also used informally in Israel to write Levantine Arabic, especially among Druze. It is an offshoot of the Imperial Aramaic alphabet, which flourished during the Achaemenid Empire and which itself derives from the Phoenician alphabet. Historically, two separate abjad scripts have been used to write Hebrew. The original, old Hebrew script, known as the paleo-Hebrew alphabet, has been largely preserved in a variant form as the Samaritan alphabet. The present "Jewish script" or "square script", on the contrary, is a stylized form of the Aramaic alphabet and was technically known by Jewish sages as Ashurit (lit. "Assyrian script"), since its origins were alleged to be from Assyria. Various "styles" (in current terms, "fonts") of representation of the Jewish script letters described in this article also exist, including a variety of cursive Hebrew styles. In the remainder of this article, the term "Hebrew alphabet" refers to the square script unless otherwise indicated. The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have case. Five letters have different forms when used at the end of a word. Hebrew is written from right to left. Originally, the alphabet was an abjad consisting only of consonants, but is now considered an "impure abjad". As with other abjads, such as the Arabic alphabet, during its centuries-long use scribes devised means of indicating vowel sounds by separate vowel points, known in Hebrew as niqqud. In both biblical and rabbinic Hebrew, the letters י ו ה א can also function as matres lectionis, which is when certain consonants are used to indicate vowels. There is a trend in Modern Hebrew towards the use of matres lectionis to indicate vowels that have traditionally gone unwritten, a practice known as "full spelling". The Yiddish alphabet, a modified version of the Hebrew alphabet used to write Yiddish, is a true alphabet, with all vowels rendered in the spelling, except in the case of inherited Hebrew words, which typically retain their Hebrew consonant-only spellings. The Arabic and Hebrew alphabets have similarities because they are both derived from the Aramaic alphabet, which in turn derives either from paleo-Hebrew or the Phoenician alphabet, both being slight regional variations of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet used in ancient times to write the various Canaanite languages (including Hebrew, Moabite, Phoenician, Punic, et cetera).
abjad | Q185087 |
unicase alphabet | Q4004706 |
natural writing system | Q29517555 |
Hebrew script based alphabet | Q106644552 |
P1014 | Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID | 300256146 |
P7033 | Australian Educational Vocabulary ID | scot/4328 |
P268 | Bibliothèque nationale de France ID | 120883910 |
P508 | BNCF Thesaurus ID | 8620 |
P5019 | Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID | hebräische-schrift |
P935 | Commons gallery | Hebrew letters |
P1417 | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID | topic/Classical-Hebrew-alphabet |
topic/Hebrew-alphabet | ||
P646 | Freebase ID | /m/03hj9 |
P7818 | French Vikidia ID | Alphabet_hébreu |
P227 | GND ID | 4444559-3 |
P12385 | Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID | alfabet-hebraic |
P1296 | Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (former scheme) | 0187266 |
P7982 | Hrvatska enciklopedija ID | 24703 |
P1256 | Iconclass notation | 49L141 |
P506 | ISO 15924 alpha-4 code | Hebr |
P2620 | ISO 15924 numeric code | 125 |
P1438 | Jewish Encyclopedia ID (Russian) | 10169 |
P244 | Library of Congress authority ID | sh97005856 |
P4801 | LoC and MARC vocabularies ID | mscript/h |
P12596 | museum-digital tag ID | 85840 |
P8189 | National Library of Israel J9U ID | 987007534859105171 |
P349 | NDL Authority ID | 00563059 |
P6900 | NicoNicoPedia ID | ヘブライ文字 |
P691 | NL CR AUT ID | ph216775 |
ph291714 | ||
P7305 | Online PWN Encyclopedia ID | 3910589 |
P8759 | Polski Słownik Judaistyczny ID | hebrajski_alfabet |
P8349 | Proleksis enciklopedija ID | 57339 |
P6781 | ProofWiki ID | Symbols:Hebrew_Alphabet |
P3417 | Quora topic ID | Hebrew-Alphabet |
P12800 | Vikidia article ID | fr:Alphabet_hébreu |
P7666 | Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija ID | hebraju-rastas |
P4839 | Wolfram Language entity code | Entity["Concept", "HebraicAlphabet::fdc69"] |
Entity["Language", "HebrewAlphabet"] | ||
P3553 | Zhihu topic ID | 20007114 |
P144 | based on | Aramaic alphabet | Q26978 |
P1343 | described by source | Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron | Q4173137 |
P1889 | different from | Hebrew script based alphabet | Q106644552 |
P1269 | facet of | Hebrew | Q9288 |
Judæo-Persian | Q33367 | ||
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic | Q33407 | ||
Biblical Hebrew | Q1982248 | ||
P527 | has part(s) | י | Q19115 |
ל | Q19121 | ||
מ | Q19122 | ||
P2184 | history of topic | history of the Hebrew alphabet | Q5869493 |
P571 | inception | -0200-01-01 | |
P407 | language of work or name | Yiddish | Q8641 |
Hebrew | Q9288 | ||
Judaeo-Spanish | Q36196 | ||
P1071 | location of creation | Middle East | Q7204 |
P2561 | name | Hebrew | |
hébreu | |||
P1705 | native label | אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי | |
P1365 | replaces | Paleo-Hebrew alphabet | Q440608 |
P1406 | script directionality | right-to-left | Q7333457 |
P910 | topic's main category | Category:Hebrew alphabet | Q6422624 |
P1424 | topic's main template | ??? | Q6279188 |
P5949 | Unicode range | U+0590-05FF | |
U+FB1D-FB4F |
FileName: Unicode block 0590 Hebrew.svg
Description: Таблица символов блока Юникода «Иврит».
Artist: Person or Persons Unknown
Work is copyrighted.
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Attribution is required.
Q12343475 | Q12343475 |
Q105762267 | Geresch und Gerschajim |
Q41662005 | Hebrew letter |
Q512378 | Hebrew numerals |
Q5769864 | Hiriq |
Q2093380 | Kubutz and Shuruk |
Q5553090 | gershayim |
Q19134 | shin |
Q16725860 | א |
Q15049 | ב |
Q15074 | ג |
Q15080 | ד |
Q15081 | ה |
Q15151 | ו |
Q15159 | ז |
Q15162 | ח |
Q15163 | ט |
Q19115 | י |
Q19118 | כ |
Q19121 | ל |
Q19122 | מ |
Q19124 | נ |
Q15035 | ס |
Q19127 | ע |
Q19128 | פ |
Q19130 | צ |
Q19131 | ק |
Q19132 | ר |
Q19136 | ת |
Q122089023 | Alef, bet, teď! |
Q122023411 | Na počátku prvního dne: úvahy o tajemství světa a člověka ve světle první biblické věty |
Q122025100 | Otčenáš, aneb, Cesta za mystikou modlitby Avinu |
Q106127770 | Hebrew cataloging and the computer - the view from Israel |
Q24969370 | ЕЭБЕ / Алфавит еврейский |
Q12408018 | Josef Nave | field of work | P101 |
Q440608 | Paleo-Hebrew alphabet | replaced by | P1366 |
Q6279188 | Vorlage:Navigationsleiste Hebräisches Alphabet | template has topic | P1423 |
Q106644552 | Hebrew script based alphabet | different from | P1889 |
Q1057301 | prefixes in Hebrew | subclass of | P279 |
Q6422624 | Category:Hebrew alphabet | category's main topic | P301 |
uri / http://www.wikidata.org/entity/L450099-S2 | L450099-S2 | item for this sense | P5137 |
Q12168230 | Цвейфель, Элиэзер | writing language | P6886 |
Q114210337 | 10 New Agorot coin (1980 - 1985) | script style | P9302 |
Q8920800 | Category:Wikipedia Hebrew script templates | category combines topics | P971 |
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