International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine

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International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine is …
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review articleQ7318358
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P6179Dimensions Publication ID1085993011
P356DOI10.1186/S12970-017-0173-Z
P932PMC publication ID5469049
P698PubMed publication ID28615996

P50authorRichard B. KreiderQ88045259
Darren G. CandowQ102377108
Anthony L. AlmadaQ72306225
P2093author name stringRick Collins
Douglas S Kalman
Tim N Ziegenfuss
Jose Antonio
Susan M Kleiner
Hector L Lopez
Robert Wildman
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Effects of creatine supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after repeated-sprint exercise in humans.Q50489273
Creatine supplement use in an NCAA Division I athletic programQ73060459
Dietary supplement creatine protects against traumatic brain injuryQ73192839
Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and femalesQ73250977
Central nervous system involvement in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinaemiaQ73287554
Acute creatine supplementation in older menQ73466074
Oral creatine supplementation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a clinical and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy studyQ73673157
A randomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathiesQ73925198
Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmersQ73960424
Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplementsQ74716092
Direct measurement of high-energy phosphate compounds in patients with neuromuscular diseaseQ78149986
Creatine supplementation does not impair the thermoregulatory response during a bout of exercise in the heatQ79374920
Resistance training with creatine monohydrate improves upper-body strength in patients with Parkinson disease: a randomized trialQ79803250
Creatine and glycerol hyperhydration in trained subjects before exercise in the heatQ80219664
Impact of differing protein sources and a creatine containing nutritional formula after 12 weeks of resistance trainingQ80748290
The effects of creatine loading on thermoregulation and intermittent sprint exercise performance in a hot humid environmentQ80765132
Creatine reduces oxidative stress markers but does not protect against seizure susceptibility after severe traumatic brain injuryQ82334016
Dietary supplement use among adolescent athletes in central Nebraska and their sources of informationQ83314213
Creatine supplementation decreases plasma lipid peroxidation markers and enhances anaerobic performance in ratsQ85395366
Effects of Creatine and Resistance Training on Bone Health in Postmenopausal WomenQ85941578
Creatine supplementation prevents fatty liver in rats fed choline-deficient diet: a burden of one-carbon and fatty acid metabolismQ86654590
Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adultsQ87040260
Long-term creatine supplementation improves muscular performance during resistance training in older womenQ87423464
The effects of creatine supplementation on thermoregulation and isokinetic muscular performance following acute (3-day) supplementationQ95606222
Creatine in health, medicine and sport: an introduction to a meeting held at Downing College, University of Cambridge, July 2010Q95783768
In memory of Professor Eric Helmer HultmanQ48444137
GAMT deficiency: features, treatment, and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesisQ48467459
Creatine supplementation, sleep deprivation, cortisol, melatonin and behaviorQ48487722
Improved reperfusion and neuroprotection by creatine in a mouse model of strokeQ48497589
The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levelsQ21245416
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exerciseQ21245421
Creatine for treating muscle disordersQ24236598
Creatine for treating muscle disordersQ24246414
The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatineQ24609852
Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and regulatory status of novel forms of creatineQ24610725
Does creatine supplementation hinder exercise heat tolerance or hydration status? A systematic review with meta-analysesQ24657031
Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trialQ24678730
Creatine supplementation during pregnancy: summary of experimental studies suggesting a treatment to improve fetal and neonatal morbidity and reduce mortality in high-risk human pregnancyQ27006952
Protein- and carbohydrate-induced augmentation of whole body creatine retention in humansQ28144417
Prophylactic creatine administration mediates neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia in miceQ28169162
Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletesQ28191698
Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenationQ28216292
Kinetics of creatine ingested as a food ingredientQ28248364
Effect of in-season creatine supplementation on body composition and performance in rugby union football playersQ28260014
Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialQ28264366
Effect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletesQ28276492
Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humansQ28298501
The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivoresQ28299561
Creatine deficiency syndromes and the importance of creatine synthesis in the brainQ28306965
Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humansQ28361732
Effect of exogenous creatine supplementation on muscle PCr metabolismQ30587657
Multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of high-energy phosphate metabolites in human brain following oral supplementation of creatine-monohydrateQ30810394
Creatine supplementation: can it improve quality of life in the elderly without associated resistance training?Q31145744
Reduced brain creatine in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemiaQ31385844
The effects of a novel "fluid loading" strategy on cardiovascular and haematological responses to orthostatic stress.Q33157006
Creatine and creatine deficiency syndromes: biochemical and clinical aspectsQ33531596
Facts and fallacies of purported ergogenic amino acid supplementsQ33690021
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of regional brain metabolite markers in FALS mice and the effects of dietary creatine supplementationQ33757934
Creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer playersQ33830118
Is there a rationale for the use of creatine either as nutritional supplementation or drug administration in humans participating in a sport?Q33838065
A potential role for creatine in drug abuse?Q33844763
Creatine for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disease: end of story?Q38691246
Beyond muscles: The untapped potential of creatineQ38700215
Potential of creatine or phosphocreatine supplementation in cerebrovascular disease and in ischemic heart diseaseQ38706110
Creatine synthesis and exchanges between brain cells: What can be learned from human creatine deficiencies and various experimental models?Q38727725
Creatine for women: a review of the relationship between creatine and the reproductive cycle and female-specific benefits of creatine therapy.Q38742697
Structural correlates of the creatine transporter function regulation: the undiscovered countryQ38764046
The effects of creatine supplementation on thermoregulation and physical (cognitive) performance: a review and future prospectsQ38809965
Creatine supplementation in the aging population: effects on skeletal muscle, bone and brainQ38815891
Cellular compartmentation of energy metabolism: creatine kinase microcompartments and recruitment of B-type creatine kinase to specific subcellular sites.Q38869621
Cognitive effects of creatine monohydrate adjunctive therapy in patients with bipolar depression: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialQ39021458
Creatine monohydrate supplementation for 10 weeks mediates neuroprotection and improves learning/memory following neonatal hypoxia ischemia encephalopathy in female albino mice.Q39090325
A maternal diet supplemented with creatine from mid-pregnancy protects the newborn spiny mouse brain from birth hypoxiaQ39114663
Creatine pretreatment prevents birth asphyxia-induced injury of the newborn spiny mouse kidney.Q39120689
Dietary creatine supplementation during pregnancy: a study on the effects of creatine supplementation on creatine homeostasis and renal excretory function in spiny miceQ39135416
Maternal creatine supplementation during pregnancy prevents acute and long-term deficits in skeletal muscle after birth asphyxia: a study of structure and function of hind limb muscle in the spiny mouse.Q39138506
Renal dysfunction in early adulthood following birth asphyxia in male spiny mice, and its amelioration by maternal creatine supplementation during pregnancyQ39140115
Prevalence of the use of effective ergogenic aids among professional athletesQ39468992
Creatine supplementation prevents hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress and cancer-induced cachexia progression in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.Q40093164
Modelling in vivo creatine/phosphocreatine in vitro reveals divergent adaptations in human muscle mitochondrial respiratory control by ADP after acute and chronic exerciseQ40247524
Emergency Department Visits for Adverse Events Related to Dietary Supplements.Q40433102
Creatine therapy provides neuroprotection after onset of clinical symptoms in Huntington's disease transgenic miceQ40436889
Creatine in humans with special reference to creatine supplementationQ40566646
Potential side effects of oral creatine supplementation: a critical reviewQ40829125
The effects of creatine and glycerol hyperhydration on running economy in well trained endurance runnersQ41363121
Thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses to creatine, glycerol and alpha lipoic acid in trained cyclistsQ41862033
Co-administration of creatine plus pyruvate prevents the effects of phenylalanine administration to female rats during pregnancy and lactation on enzymes activity of energy metabolism in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspringQ41930021
Effects of glycerol and creatine hyperhydration on doping-relevant blood parametersQ42415382
Creatine supplementation during college football training does not increase the incidence of cramping or injury.Q42597522
Effect of creatine monohydrate in improving cellular energetics and muscle strength in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled 31P MRS study.Q43098109
Dissociation of AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 in CNS: relevance to creatine deficiency syndromesQ43251377
The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptationsQ43254426
Cognitive effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementationQ43272792
Creatine supplementation improves the anaerobic performance of elite junior fin swimmersQ43286275
Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. A five-year follow-up of creatine supplementationQ43407150
Creatine supplementation in fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Q43489037
Increases in cortical glutamate concentrations in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice are attenuated by creatine supplementation.Q43572865
Creatine transporter and mitochondrial creatine kinase protein content in myopathiesQ43585286
Cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning preserves mitochondrial function and functional coupling between adenine nucleotide translocase and creatine kinase.Q43601326
Muscle glycogen supercompensation is enhanced by prior creatine supplementationQ43668538
Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loadingQ43668540
Creatine increase survival and delays motor symptoms in a transgenic animal model of Huntington's diseaseQ43669934
Effects of oral creatine supplementation on maximal pedalling performance in older adultsQ43693635
Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football athletesQ43753706
Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance and muscular strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: preliminary results.Q43777132
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency: outcomes in 48 individuals and recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and monitoringQ43793505
Effect of creatine supplementation on metabolite levels in ALS motor corticesQ43804618
Creatine supplementation increases soleus muscle creatine content and lowers the insulinogenic index in an animal model of inherited type 2 diabetes.Q50735098
Effects of plyometric training and creatine supplementation on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in female soccer players.Q50941387
Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.Q50974715
High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women.Q51014453
Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance.Q51571550
Effect of creatine supplementation and drop-set resistance training in untrained aging adults.Q51572043
Effect of creatine on swimming velocity, body composition and hydrodynamic variables.Q51760520
Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency in a newborn: early treatment can prevent phenotypic expression of the disease.Q51916119
An international study on dietary supplementation use in dancers.Q53080896
Study of renal and hepatic toxicity in rats supplemented with creatine.Q53490055
The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on sprint skating in ice-hockey players.Q53872469
Creatine supplementation patterns and perceived effects in select division I collegiate athletes.Q53905927
Some new aspects of creatine kinase (CK): compartmentation, structure, function and regulation for cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics and physiology.Q53938809
Use of creatine and other supplements by members of civilian and military health clubs: a cross-sectional survey.Q54036118
Creatine corrects muscle 31P spectrum in gyrate atrophy with hyperornithinaemia.Q54276250
Creatine-induced glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a role for AMPK-α?Q54528539
Exploratory studies of the potential anti-cancer effects of creatine.Q55030887
Effects of in-season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players.Q55033095
Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes.Q55033237
Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementationQ55037012
Creatine in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Q55053469
Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis.Q55053947
Influence of oral creatine supplementation of muscle torque during repeated bouts of maximal voluntary exercise in man.Q55066312
Creatine ingestion favorably affects performance and muscle metabolism during maximal exercise in humans.Q55066602
Creatine Supplementation Enhances Muscular Performance During High-Intensity Resistance ExerciseQ55067104
Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training.Q55067281
Creatine Supplementation and Cognitive Performance in Elderly IndividualsQ56778535
Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trialQ57537579
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic PerformanceQ57577077
Improvement in contractile recovery of isolated rat heart after cardioplegic ischaemic arrest with endogenous phosphocreatine: involvement of antiperoxidative effect?Q67761769
Creatine and cyclocreatine effects on ischemic myocardium: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of intact heartQ68026613
Metabolic and functional effects of creatine phosphate in cardioplegic solution. Studies on rat hearts during and after normothermic ischemiaQ69042712
Protection of ischemic myocardium by exogenous phosphocreatine. I. Morphologic and phosphorus 31-nuclear magnetic resonance studiesQ69428557
Effect of phosphocreatine and related compounds on the phospholipid metabolism of ischemic heartQ69539960
Supplementary creatine as a treatment for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retinaQ70701768
Effects of ingesting supplements designed to promote lean tissue accretion on body composition during resistance trainingQ71696481
Myocardial energy restoration of ischemic damage by administration of phosphoenolpyruvate during reperfusion. A study in a paracorporeal rat heart modelQ71792108
The effect of creatine monohydrate ingestion on anaerobic power indices, muscular strength and body compositionQ72306228
Function of M-line-bound creatine kinase as intramyofibrillar ATP regenerator at the receiving end of the phosphorylcreatine shuttle in muscleQ72577569
Creatine supplementation in high school football playersQ43830641
Direct antioxidant properties of creatineQ43846466
Oral creatine supplementation enhances upper extremity work capacity in persons with cervical-level spinal cord injuryQ43848916
Alteration of mitochondrial function in a model of chronic ischemia in vivo in rat heartQ43880490
Effect of creatine loading on anaerobic performance and skeletal muscle volume in NCAA Division I athletesQ43977533
No effect of creatine on respiratory distress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosisQ44025613
Protective effects of oral creatine supplementation on spinal cord injury in rats.Q44107673
Effects of oral creatine supplementation in a patient with MELAS phenotype and associated nephropathyQ44117911
Effects of 4 weeks of creatine supplementation in junior swimmers on freestyle sprint and swim bench performanceQ44210207
Neuroprotection of creatine supplementation in neonatal rats with transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.Q44364113
Effectiveness of creatine monohydrate in mitochondrial encephalomyopathiesQ44376287
Beneficial effects of creatine supplementation in dystrophic patientsQ44411893
Skeletal muscle properties in a transgenic mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: effects of creatine treatmentQ44538961
Creatine diet supplement for spinal cord injury: influences on functional recovery and tissue sparing in ratsQ44543229
Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysisQ44566813
Creatine supplementation in Huntington's disease: a placebo-controlled pilot trialQ44616594
The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to short-term resistance training overreaching.Q44699749
Effects of creatine and exercise on skeletal muscle of FRG1-transgenic miceQ44728814
Effects of creatine loading on muscular strength and endurance of female softball players.Q44758798
The effect of creatine supplementation on strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trialQ44772527
Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophyQ44907892
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: differences of creatine uptake in human brain and muscleQ44963960
The effect of creatine supplementation upon inflammatory and muscle soreness markers after a 30km race.Q45014893
Risk assessment of the potential side effects of long-term creatine supplementation in team sport athletesQ45017135
The effects of creatine supplementation on cardiovascular, metabolic, and thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat in endurance-trained humansQ45092073
Evolution and divergence of the genes for cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and flagellar creatine kinasesQ45108606
Creatine supplementation does not decrease total plasma homocysteine in chronic hemodialysis patients.Q45166247
Biochemical and Functional Effects of Creatine Phosphate in Cardioplegic Solution during Aortic Valve Surgery - a Clinical StudyQ45212869
Neuroprotective effects of creatine and cyclocreatine in animal models of Huntington's disease.Q45295463
Neuroprotective effects of creatine in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease.Q45300532
Long-term creatine supplementation is safe in aged patients with Parkinson disease.Q46197864
Creatine supplementation does not affect clinical health markers in football playersQ46379395
Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-controlled trialQ46408648
Low-dose creatine combined with protein during resistance training in older men.Q46441719
Protective effect of creatine supplementation and estrogen replacement on cardiac reserve function and antioxidant reservation against oxidative stress in exercise-trained ovariectomized hamstersQ46494564
Influence of creatine supplementation on 800 m wheelchair performance: a pilot studyQ46711701
Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition and renal function in rats.Q46715462
Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisolQ46896482
Creatine monohydrate in resistant depression: a preliminary studyQ46910762
Does creatine supplementation improve functional capacity in elderly women?Q46964945
Protection of ischemic myocardium by exogenous phosphocreatine (neoton): pharmacokinetics of phosphocreatine, reduction of infarct size, stabilization of sarcolemma of ischemic cardiomyocytes, and antithrombotic actionQ47212652
Acute renal failure in a young weight lifter taking multiple food supplements, including creatine monohydrateQ47317205
Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men.Q47625800
Origin of the genes for the isoforms of creatine kinaseQ47806343
Effect of creatine supplementation during the last week of gestation on birth intervals, stillbirth, and preweaning mortality in pigs.Q47828670
Increase of total creatine in human brain after oral supplementation of creatine-monohydrateQ48114355
Oral creatine supplementation: separating fact from hypeQ48222645
Inhibition of proteinase K activity by copper(II) ions.Q48321663
Global developmental delay in guanidionacetate methyltransferase deficiency: differences in formal testing and clinical observationQ48329441
Creatine supplementation in Parkinson disease: a placebo-controlled randomized pilot trialQ48400110
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: focus on pharmaceutical and nutritional interventions.Q36669820
Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance.Q36748990
Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on muscle accretion in the elderly.Q36792611
Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet?Q36866823
Maternal dietary creatine supplementation does not alter the capacity for creatine synthesis in the newborn spiny mouseQ37100555
Ergogenic effects of creatine in sports and rehabilitation.Q37225769
Creatine and creatine kinase in health and disease--a bright future ahead?Q37225783
Creatine supplementation enhances muscle force recovery after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individualsQ37229351
A Comparison of Thermoregulation With Creatine Supplementation Between the Sexes in a Thermoneutral EnvironmentQ37367164
Clinical applications of creatine supplementation on paediatricsQ37596436
Potential of creatine supplementation for improving aging bone healthQ37686198
Synthesis and transport of creatine in the CNS: importance for cerebral functionsQ37783348
Sarcopenia: current theories and the potential beneficial effect of creatine application strategiesQ37849640
The creatine kinase reaction: a simple reaction with functional complexityQ37851891
Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old.Q37851894
A short review on creatine-creatine kinase system in relation to cancer and some experimental results on creatine as adjuvant in cancer therapyQ37902552
In sickness and in health: the widespread application of creatine supplementation.Q37958749
Creatine and guanidinoacetate transport at blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriersQ37976595
Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal healthQ38159939
Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults-a meta-analysisQ38191754
Cerebral creatine deficiencies: a group of treatable intellectual developmental disordersQ38246344
Creatine Supplementation and Lower Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysesQ38462547
The Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Physical Exercise on Traumatic Brain InjuryQ38552351
Guanidinoacetic acid as a performance-enhancing agentQ38601629
Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal functionQ33914865
Creatine and its potential therapeutic value for targeting cellular energy impairment in neurodegenerative diseasesQ33917550
Adverse effects of creatine supplementation: fact or fiction?Q33918751
Creatine as nutritional supplementation and medicinal productQ33943710
Effect of Creatine and Weight Training on Muscle Creatine and Performance in VegetariansQ33973687
Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and athletic performanceQ34016494
Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderlyQ34086444
Studies on the safety of creatine supplementationQ34170475
Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptationsQ34191333
Creatine supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by a single bout of resistance exercise.Q34232217
Supplement use by UK-based British Army soldiers in trainingQ34303900
Muscle creatine loading in men.Q34399513
Creatine use and exercise heat tolerance in dehydrated men.Q34499415
Creatine supplementation and anterior compartment pressure during exercise in the heat in dehydrated men.Q34499430
Effect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilizationQ34512787
The role of dietary creatineQ34514017
Putting to rest the myth of creatine supplementation leading to muscle cramps and dehydrationQ34734382
Clinical use of creatine in neuromuscular and neurometabolic disordersQ34800131
Safety of creatine supplementationQ34800152
A review of creatine supplementation in age-related diseases: more than a supplement for athletesQ35005568
Pharmacokinetics of the dietary supplement creatine.Q35148293
Effects of creatine use on the athlete's kidneyQ35165129
Clinical characteristics and diagnostic clues in inborn errors of creatine metabolismQ35188364
The Effects of Hyperhydrating Supplements Containing Creatine and Glucose on Plasma Lipids and Insulin Sensitivity in Endurance-Trained AthletesQ35807592
Use of nutritional supplements by high school football and volleyball playersQ35835892
Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation.Q35909778
The role of creatine in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disordersQ35976264
Biochemical and clinical characteristics of creatine deficiency syndromes.Q35996516
The effect of creatine intake on renal functionQ36123301
Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on exercise-induced apoptosis in athletes: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled studyQ36298288
The use of dietary supplements and medications by Canadian athletes at the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic GamesQ36353610
Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use by Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisQ36420796
Cramping and Injury Incidence in Collegiate Football Players Are Reduced by Creatine SupplementationQ36582222
Cerebral energetic effects of creatine supplementation in humansQ36603260
P275copyright licenseCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalQ20007257
P6216copyright statuscopyrightedQ50423863
P921main subjectphysical exerciseQ219067
amino acidQ8066
amidinesQ423088
dietary supplementQ645858
sports nutritionQ908560
physiological phenomenonQ66615932
P304page(s)18
P577publication date2017-06-13
P1433published inJournal of the International Society of Sports NutritionQ15751852
P1476titleInternational Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
P478volume14

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