Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: critical assessment of diagnostic methods and relevance to treatment studies

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Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: critical assessment of diagnostic methods and relevance to treatment studies is …
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P356DOI10.1128/CMR.15.1.1-20.2002
P932PMC publication ID118057
P698PubMed publication ID11781264

P2093author name stringMargaret R Hammerschlag
Jens Boman
P2860cites workDistribution of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the athersclerotic carotid arteryQ37881215
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a risk factor for coronary heart disease in symptom-free elderly men, but Helicobacter pylori and cytomegalovirus are not.Q37881308
Endovascular presence of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common phenomenon in coronary artery diseaseQ37881317
The effect of prolonged doxycycline therapy on Chlamydia pneumoniae serological markers, coronary heart disease risk factors and forearm basal nitric oxide productionQ37881386
Antibody response to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in children with respiratory illnessQ37881439
Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates the development of atherosclerosis and treatment with azithromycin prevents it in a rabbit modelQ37881464
Microbiologic efficacy of azithromycin and susceptibilities to azithromycin of isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae from adults and children with community-acquired pneumonia.Q37881682
Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus in atherosclerosis of the carotid arteryQ37882074
Chronic infections and coronary heart disease: is there a link?Q37882245
Randomised trial of roxithromycin in non-Q-wave coronary syndromes: ROXIS Pilot Study. ROXIS Study GroupQ37882250
Endovascular presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with hemodynamically effective carotid artery stenosisQ37882356
Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, cardiovascular events, and azithromycin in male survivors of myocardial infarctionQ37882420
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of arteries of lower extremities from patients undergoing bypass operation for arterial obstructionQ37882562
Infection and coronary heart diseaseQ37882569
Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from a carotid endarterectomy specimenQ37882581
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in human nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valvesQ37883146
Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the walls of abdominal aortic aneurysmsQ37883353
Evaluation of Chlamydia immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA rELISAs Medac for diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infectionQ37883374
High incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in sclerotic heart valves of patients undergoing aortic valve replacementQ37883688
Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the coronary artery of a patient with coronary atherosclerosis. The Chlamydia pneumoniae/Atherosclerosis Study GroupQ37883953
Increased incidence of Chlamydia species within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic versus other forms of cardiovascular diseaseQ37884972
Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae and acute coronary heart disease events in non-insulin dependent diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in FinlandQ37885075
Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary atheromas of patients undergoing atherectomyQ37885296
Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in atherosclerosis of the carotid arteryQ37886058
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR in human coronary atherectomy tissues.Q37886690
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: comparative efficacy and safety of clarithromycin vs. erythromycin ethylsuccinate.Q37886996
Prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy adults: assessment by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay and cultureQ37887150
Susceptibilities to clarithromycin and erythromycin of isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae from children with pneumoniaQ37888689
Past infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study InvestigatorsQ37890128
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in aortic lesions of atherosclerosis by immunocytochemical stainQ37890285
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy menQ29619308
Effect of azithromycin on murine arteriosclerosis exacerbated by Chlamydia pneumoniaeQ31713580
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in circulating human monocytes is refractory to antibiotic treatmentQ31829380
Nucleotide sequence and taxonomic value of the major outer membrane protein gene of Chlamydia pneumoniae IOL-207.Q33545301
Chlamydia pneumoniae in arteries: the facts, their interpretation, and future studiesQ33588103
Chlamydia pneumoniae, monocyte activation, and azithromycin in coronary heart diseaseQ33762172
Molecular diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.Q33775972
The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular diseaseQ33817488
Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analysesQ33910496
Activity of gemifloxacin and other new quinolones against Chlamydia pneumoniae: a reviewQ33925828
Polymerase chain reaction detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in circulating white blood cellsQ33935030
Antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart diseaseQ33935098
Chlamydia pneumonia (and other infective agents) in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. How good is the evidence?Q33937618
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori DNA in human atherosclerotic plaques by PCRQ33970537
Multicenter comparison trial of DNA extraction methods and PCR assays for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in endarterectomy specimensQ33971158
Comparison of five serologic tests for diagnosis of acute infections by Chlamydia pneumoniaeQ33998580
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA and antigen in the circulating mononuclear cell fractions of humans and koalasQ34004325
The use of serologic tests for the diagnosis of chlamydial infectionsQ34067823
Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in coronary arteries of young adults (15-34 years old)Q34086738
Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthmaQ34121913
Standardizing Chlamydia pneumoniae assays: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Canada).Q34312881
Can acute Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infection initiate chronic asthma?Q34479396
A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumoniaQ35138146
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, or cytomegalovirus: population based study of coronary heart diseaseQ35371043
In vitro activity of a group of broad-spectrum cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics against Chlamydia trachomatisQ35740197
Specificity of detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular atheroma: evaluation of the innocent bystander hypothesisQ35764383
Infectious agents are not necessary for murine atherogenesisQ36368432
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae but not Helicobacter pylori in atherosclerotic plaques of aortic aneurysmsQ36541516
A seroepidemiologic study of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Rhode Island. Evidence of serologic cross-reactivityQ37890729
Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteriesQ37891287
Specificity of the microimmunofluorescence assay for the serodiagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infectionsQ37892198
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary arterial fatty streaks and atheromatous plaquesQ37892518
Association of Prior Infection With Chlamydia pneumoniae and Angiographically Demonstrated Coronary Artery DiseaseQ37892814
Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in the Helsinki Heart StudyQ37893723
Persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae following acute respiratory illnessQ37893923
Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR antibody and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery diseaseQ37894988
Ofloxacin treatment of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) lower respiratory tract infectionsQ37895800
A new respiratory tract pathogen: Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR.Q37896793
Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarctionQ37899465
Quinolones in Sexually Transmitted DiseasesQ40489389
Microbiological efficacy of levofloxacin for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniaeQ42729698
Coronary heart disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in blood mononuclear cellsQ43426679
Chlamydia pneumoniae in vascular tissues from heart-transplant donorsQ43429587
Significance of Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in atherosclerotic lesionsQ43432055
Comparative anti-inflammatory effects of roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycinQ47330818
Cellular pathology. As based upon physiological and pathological histology. Lecture XVI--Atheromatous affection of arteries. 1858.Q48526126
Infections and atherosclerosis: new clues from an old hypothesis?Q53565811
Enterovirus infections as a possible risk factor for myocardial infarctionQ64381784
Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention TrialQ71512983
The emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to macrolide antimicrobial agents: a 6-year population-based assessmentQ73052815
Inflammation, infection, and cardiovascular risk: how good is the clinical evidence?Q74561877
Treatment with the antibiotic roxithromycin in patients with acute non-Q-wave coronary syndromes. The final report of the ROXIS StudyQ37878753
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections decreases fibrinogen plasma level in patients with ischemic heart diseaseQ37878785
Prospective study of Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG seropositivity and risks of future myocardial infarctionQ37878896
Lack of association between prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and acute or chronic coronary artery diseaseQ37878909
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae but not cytomegalovirus in occluded saphenous vein coronary artery bypass graftsQ37879001
Antibiotics and risk of subsequent first-time acute myocardial infarctionQ37879181
The prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic blood vessels of patients attending for redo and first time coronary artery bypass graft surgeryQ37879200
Endovascular presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA is a generalized phenomenon in atherosclerotic vascular diseaseQ37879484
Poor correlation between microimmunofluorescence serology and polymerase chain reaction for detection of vascular Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in coronary artery disease patients.Q37879706
Safety and efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in childrenQ37879880
Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary and iliac arteries of Japanese patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasesQ37879945
In vitro susceptibilities of Chlamydia pneumoniae strains recovered from atherosclerotic coronary arteries.Q37880155
Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in calcific and degenerative arteriosclerotic aortic valves excised during open heart surgery.Q37880226
Confirmed previous infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) and its presence in early coronary atherosclerosisQ37880332
Evaluation of C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker, and infectious serology as risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarctionQ37880581
High prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with cardiovascular disease and in middle-aged blood donors.Q37880679
Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaques of Australian patients.Q37880753
In vitro activity of a new ketolide antibiotic, HMR 3647, against Chlamydia pneumoniae.Q37880865
Interactive role of infection, inflammation and traditional risk factors in atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseaseQ37881093
Failure to demonstrate Chlamydia pneumoniae in symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Q37881207
Chlamydia pneumoniae in human abdominal aortic aneurysmsQ37881211
Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella and Chlamydia species: implications for diagnosisQ36546292
Interference of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in IgA antibody determinations of Chlamydia pneumoniae by microimmunofluorescence testQ37073869
Lack of association between first myocardial infarction and past use of erythromycin, tetracycline, or doxycyclineQ37093492
Age-related interference with Chlamydia pneumoniae microimmunofluorescence serology due to circulating rheumatoid factorQ37120590
Detection and widespread distribution of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the vascular system and its possible implicationsQ37214056
Chlamydia pneumoniae in atheroma: consideration of criteria for causalityQ37228857
The species specificity of the microimmunofluorescence antibody test and comparisons with a time resolved fluoroscopic immunoassay for measuring IgG antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniaeQ37230432
Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG titres and coronary heart disease: prospective study and meta-analysisQ37346172
The mechanisms by which infectious agents may contribute to atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestationsQ37867657
Ultrastructural study of Chlamydia pneumoniae in a continuous-infection modelQ37873353
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in CD3+ lymphocytes from healthy blood donors and patients with coronary artery diseaseQ37875345
Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus type 1, and cytomegalovirus and incident myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease death in older adults : the Cardiovascular Health StudyQ37875347
Picornavirus proteins share antigenic determinants with heat shock proteins 60/65.Q37875396
Comparative analysis of the putative amino acid sequences of chlamydial heat shock protein 60 and Escherichia coli GroEL.Q37875453
The effect of chronic azithromycin therapy on soluble endothelium-derived adhesion molecules in patients with coronary artery diseaseQ37875535
Randomized secondary prevention trial of azithromycin in patients with coronary artery disease: primary clinical results of the ACADEMIC studyQ37875542
Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in non-coronary atherosclerotic plaques and circulating leukocytesQ37875681
Are morphological or functional changes in the carotid artery wall associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, or herpes simplex virus infection?Q37875724
Effect of prior exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, or cytomegalovirus on the degree of inflammation and one-year prognosis of patients with unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarctionQ37875878
Frequency of serological evidence of Bordetella infections and mixed infections with other respiratory pathogens in university students with cough illnessesQ37875976
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: large prospective studyQ37876040
Microbiologic efficacy of moxifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniaeQ37876262
Relationship of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection to severity of human coronary atherosclerosisQ37876300
Description and status of the azithromycin and coronary events study (ACES).Q37876308
Rationale and design of a secondary prevention trial of antibiotic use in patients after myocardial infarction: the WIZARD (weekly intervention with zithromax [azithromycin] for atherosclerosis and its related disorders) trialQ37876312
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae within peripheral blood monocytes of patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarctionQ37876368
Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic tissueQ37876378
Chlamydia pneumoniae serology: interlaboratory variation in microimmunofluorescence assay resultsQ37876389
The microimmunofluorescence test for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: technique and interpretationQ37876392
Isolation and continuous growth of Chlamydia pneumoniae from arterectomy specimensQ37876438
Evaluation of a commercial test for antibodies to the chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (Medac) for serodiagnosis of acute infections by Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) and Chlamydia psittaciQ37876797
The proatherogenic properties of lipoprotein(a) may be enhanced through the formation of circulating immune complexes containing Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific IgG antibodies.Q37876824
Association of serology with the endovascular presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus in coronary artery and vein graft diseaseQ37877190
Chlamydia pneumoniae does not influence atherosclerotic plaque behavior in patients with established carotid artery stenosisQ37877209
Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is predictive of vascular infectionQ37877400
Circulating Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA as a predictor of coronary artery diseaseQ37877457
Chlamydia pneumoniae eradication from carotid plaques. Results of an open, randomised treatment studyQ37877463
Can an antibiotic (macrolide) prevent Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced atherosclerosis in a rabbit model?Q37877470
Baseline IgG antibody titers to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus and the risk for cardiovascular disease in womenQ37877649
Safety and effect on anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody titres of a 1 month course of daily azithromycin in adults with coronary artery diseaseQ37877691
In vitro activities of azithromycin and ofloxacin against Chlamydia pneumoniae in a continuous-infection modelQ37877849
Low prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherectomy specimens from patients with coronary heart diseaseQ37877922
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities StudyQ37878104
Demonstration of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaques of carotid arteries by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Q37878157
Relation between direct detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in human coronary arteries at postmortem examination and histological severity (Stary grading) of associated atherosclerotic plaqueQ37878316
Relation of Chlamydia pneumoniae serology to mortality and incidence of ischaemic heart disease over 13 years in the caerphilly prospective heart disease studyQ37878617
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in atheromatous tissues by polymerase chain reactionQ37878712
P433issue1
P407language of work or nameEnglishQ1860
P921main subjectatherosclerosisQ12252367
Chlamydia pneumoniaeQ62869737
P304page(s)1-20
P577publication date2002-01-01
P1433published inClinical Microbiology ReviewsQ5133777
P1476titleChlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: critical assessment of diagnostic methods and relevance to treatment studies
P478volume15