A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system

scientific article published on March 2013

A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system is …
instance of (P31):
scholarly articleQ13442814

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P356DOI10.5142/JGR.2013.37.8
P932PMC publication ID3659622
P698PubMed publication ID23717153
P5875ResearchGate publication ID236959247

P2093author name stringChan Young Shin
Hee Jin Kim
Pitna Kim
P2860cites workSanchi for acute ischaemic strokeQ24240964
Potential effects of microglial activation induced by ginsenoside Rg3 in rat primary culture: enhancement of type A Macrophage Scavenger Receptor expressionQ28570656
Animal models of anxiety disorders in rats and mice: some conceptual issuesQ30471279
Neuroprotective effects of water extracts of American Ginseng on SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis induced by Abeta25-35Q33404179
Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in PC12 cells via inhibiting NF-κB activationQ33747205
Proteomic studies on protective effects of salvianolic acids, notoginsengnosides and combination of salvianolic acids and notoginsengnosides against cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injuryQ34014207
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginsengQ34195369
Protective effects of pseudoginsenoside-F11 on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in miceQ34246976
Effect of the herbal extract combination Panax quinquefolium and Ginkgo biloba on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot studyQ34465497
Effect of combination therapy with sodium ozagrel and panax ginseng on transient cerebral ischemia model in ratsQ34497129
Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment, axonal atrophy, and synaptic loss are ameliorated by M1, A metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type saponinsQ34546193
Effects of icariin combined with Panax notoginseng saponins on ischemia reperfusion-induced cognitive impairments related with oxidative stress and CA1 of hippocampal neurons in rat.Q34768799
Peripheral anti-inflammatory effects explain the ginsenosides paradox between poor brain distribution and anti-depression efficacyQ35203734
Ginsenoside-Rg1 mediates a hypoxia-independent upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α to promote angiogenesisQ35544526
The Protective Effect of Black Ginseng Against Transient Focal Ischemia-induced Neuronal Damage in RatsQ35764831
Multi-faced neuroprotective effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 in an Alzheimer mouse modelQ35831048
Anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 and its mechanism of actionQ36016935
Antidepressant-like effects of ginsenoside Rg1 are due to activation of the BDNF signalling pathway and neurogenesis in the hippocampusQ36110594
Use of ginseng in medicine with emphasis on neurodegenerative disordersQ36414406
Malonylginsenoside Rb1 potentiates nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth of cultured chick embryonic dorsal root gangliaQ36738165
Ginsenoside Rd attenuates neuroinflammation of dopaminergic cells in culture.Q46914460
Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates beta-amyloid peptide(25-35) -induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein through CDK5 signal pathwayQ46944133
Ginseng total saponins enhance neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemiaQ47344264
Inactivation of GABAA receptor reduces ginsenoside Rb3 neuroprotection in mouse hippocampal slices after oxygen–glucose deprivationQ47350090
Protective effect of panaxatriol saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vivoQ47351695
Anxiolytic effect of saponins from Panax quinquefolium in miceQ47810364
Proliferative effect of ginseng saponin on neurite extension of primary cultured neurons of the rat cerebral cortexQ48113770
Intravenous infusion of dihydroginsenoside Rb1 prevents compressive spinal cord injury and ischemic brain damage through upregulation of VEGF and Bcl-XL.Q48121913
Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 in primary nigral neurons against rotenone toxicityQ48360337
Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegenerationQ48405145
Actions of ginsenoside Rb1 on choline uptake in central cholinergic nerve endingsQ48465199
Ginsenoside Rb1 promotes neurotransmitter release by modulating phosphorylation of synapsins through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathwayQ48473872
Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides in ratsQ48493917
Gincosan (a combination of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng): the effects on mood and cognition of 6 and 12 weeks' treatment in post-menopausal womenQ48564196
Reductions in levels of the Alzheimer's amyloid beta peptide after oral administration of ginsenosidesQ48569576
Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root.Q48669338
Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates ChAT, NGF and trkA mRNA expression in the rat brain.Q48672915
Anxiolytic activity of Panax ginseng roots: an experimental studyQ48684797
Ginsenoside-Rd attenuates TRPM7 and ASIC1a but promotes ASIC2a expression in rats after focal cerebral ischemiaQ48720477
Effect of Korean red ginseng on psychological functions in patients with severe climacteric syndromesQ48732654
Anti-inflammatory mechanism of compound K in activated microglia and its neuroprotective effect on experimental stroke in miceQ48740906
Prevention of ischemic neuronal death by intravenous infusion of a ginseng saponin, ginsenoside Rb(1), that upregulates Bcl-x(L) expressionQ48767871
Suppression of local inflammation contributes to the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats with cerebral ischemiaQ48774295
Extracts of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng protect brain proteins from free radical induced oxidative damage in vitroQ48808491
Preventive action of Panax ginseng roots in hypercortisolism-induced Impairment of hippocampal neurons in male C57BL/6N miceQ48821671
Cerebroprotective effect of Korean ginseng tea against global and focal models of ischemia in rats.Q48842405
Antidepressant-like effect of altered Korean red ginseng in miceQ48853965
Preliminary study on antiamnestic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1.Q48869193
Metabolic regulation of brain Abeta by neprilysinQ48869458
Reciprocal activity of ginsenosides in the production of proinflammatory repertoire, and their potential roles in neuroprotection in vivoQ48873437
Ginsenoside Rp1, a Ginsenoside Derivative, Blocks Promoter Activation of iNOS and COX-2 Genes by Suppression of an IKKβ-mediated NF-кB Pathway in HEK293 CellsQ36860863
Inhibition of TNF-α-mediated NF-κB Transcriptional Activity in HepG2 Cells by Dammarane-type Saponins from Panax ginseng LeavesQ36861113
Ginsenosides: are any of them candidates for drugs acting on the central nervous system?Q37031566
Beneficial effects of a combination of Korean red ginseng and highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patientsQ37301903
Inhibition of TLR ligand- and interferon gamma-induced murine microglial activation by Panax notoginseng.Q37354222
Ginsenoside Rg1 protects dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease through the IGF-I receptor signalling pathway.Q37395900
Ginsenosides protect striatal neurons in a cellular model of Huntington's diseaseQ37473242
Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel currents: a role of Tyr360 residueQ37599395
Genetic animal models of Parkinson's diseaseQ37765030
Ginsenosides and their CNS targets.Q37818509
Overview of animal models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Q37826157
Are herbal compounds the next frontier for alleviating learning and memory impairments? An integrative look at memory, dementia and the promising therapeutics of traditional chinese medicinesQ37838363
Panax ginseng increases hypoxia-induced down-regulated cellular response related genes in human neuroblastoma cells, SK-N-MC.Q38303715
Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb(3) on oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced ischemic injury in PC12 cellsQ39013296
Chronic oral administration of ginseng extract results in behavioral change but has no effects in mice models of affective and anxiety disorders.Q39271231
Antidepressant-like effects of the active acidic polysaccharide portion of ginseng in mice.Q39284050
Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes nonamyloidgenic cleavage of APP via estrogen receptor signaling to MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AktQ39426394
Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates β-amyloid generation via suppressing PPARγ-regulated BACE1 activity in N2a-APP695 cellsQ39429018
Administration of BDNF/ginsenosides combination enhanced synaptic development in human neural stem cellsQ39629266
Anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rh1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia: critical role of the protein kinase A pathway and hemeoxygenase-1 expression.Q39641054
Rg1 protects iron‐induced neurotoxicity through antioxidant and iron regulatory proteins in 6‐OHDA‐treated MES23.5 cellsQ39651300
Evaluation of the antipsychotic potential of Panax quinquefolium in ketamine induced experimental psychosis model in miceQ39673251
Ginsenosides inhibit NMDA receptor-mediated epileptic discharges in cultured hippocampal neuronsQ39687636
Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in MES23.5 cells via Akt and ERK signaling pathwaysQ39792163
Rg1 protects the MPP+-treated MES23.5 cells via attenuating DMT1 up-regulation and cellular iron uptakeQ39801115
The neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides on calcineurin activity and tau phosphorylation in SY5Y cellsQ39839489
Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells via IGF-I receptor and estrogen receptor pathwaysQ39846076
Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes beta-amyloid peptide degradation by enhancing gene expression of neprilysinQ39882978
Role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the action of ginsenoside Rh2 against beta-amyloid-induced inhibition of rat brain astrocytesQ40006918
Ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 inhibit the activation of AP-1 and protein kinase A pathway in lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-stimulated BV-2 microglial cellsQ40284018
Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of ginsenoside Rg(1) in vivo and in vitroQ40343680
Beneficial effect of ginseng root in SOD-1 (G93A) transgenic miceQ40737551
Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of ginsenosides Rb(1) and Rg(1).Q40785369
Voltage-dependent inhibition of brain Na(+) channels by American ginsengQ40827883
Identification of anxiolytic ingredients in ginseng root using the elevated plus-maze test in miceQ42168838
Up-regulation of M1 muscarinic receptors expressed in CHOm1 cells by panaxynol via cAMP pathwayQ42479344
Anxiolytic-like effects of ginsenosides on the elevated plus-maze model in miceQ42666840
First preliminary results of an observation of Panax ginseng treatment in patients with autistic disorderQ42720332
Panax ginseng may improve some symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderQ42720342
Ginsenoside Rb1 protects PC12 cells against β-amyloid-induced cell injuryQ42743803
Protective effects of ginsenoside Rd against okadaic acid-induced neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitroQ48881218
Identification of antidepressant-like ingredients in ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using a menopausal depressive-like state in female mice: participation of 5-HT2A receptorsQ48888108
Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on proliferation and differentiation of rat hippocampal neural stem cellsQ48908673
Panax Notoginseng Burk attenuates impairment of learning and memory functions and increases ED1, BDNF and beta-secretase immunoreactive cells in chronic stage ischemia-reperfusion injured ratsQ48961615
Comparative evaluation of Bacopa monniera and Panax quniquefolium in experimental anxiety and depressive models in mice.Q48969931
Intranasal ginsenoside Rb1 targets the brain and ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in ratsQ48974202
Wild ginseng attenuates repeated morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in ratsQ48987632
Ginseng pretreatment protects against transient global cerebral ischemia in the rat: measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization by [14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographyQ49015187
Anti-lipid peroxidation and protection of ginsenosides against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries in ratsQ49079054
Panax quinquefolium saponins reduce myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by inhibiting excessive endoplasmic reticulum stressQ50265910
Therapeutic effect of Korean red ginseng on inflammatory cytokines in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Q50549346
Wild ginseng attenuates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors during morphine withdrawal.Q50604021
An open-label trial of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Q50639189
Ginsenoside Rb(1) prevents image navigation disability, cortical infarction, and thalamic degeneration in rats with focal cerebral ischemia.Q50675459
HT1001, a proprietary North American ginseng extract, improves working memory in schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Q50774349
Effects of nonsaponin fraction of red ginseng on learning deficits in aged rats.Q50790755
Implication of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway in ginsenoside Rb1's attenuation of beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation.Q51028436
Anti-neuroinflammation effect of ginsenoside Rbl in a rat model of Alzheimer disease.Q51034620
Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease.Q51889237
Ginseng root prevents learning disability and neuronal loss in gerbils with 5-minute forebrain ischemia.Q52203749
Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.Q53384343
[Effects of Shenfu injection on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: experiment with neonatal rats].Q53572273
Influences of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on reversible focal brain ischemia in ratsQ71339192
Prevention and repair of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by Chinese herbal medicine, shengmai san, in ratsQ73146373
Extracts of Ginkgo biloba and ginsenosides exert cerebral vasorelaxation via a nitric oxide pathwayQ73959115
Effects of ginseng saponins on responses induced by various receptor stimuliQ77329265
Differential effects of ginsenosides on NO and TNF-alpha production by LPS-activated N9 microgliaQ79717598
[Study on therapeutic window of opportunity for Panax notoginseng saponins following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats]Q80164702
[Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration in cerebral infarction tissue of rats]Q81136614
Radix/rhizoma notoginseng extract (sanchitongtshu) for ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled studyQ82537140
Ginsenoside Rd attenuates early oxidative damage and sequential inflammatory response after transient focal ischemia in ratsQ83032701
Ginsenoside Rd attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and sequential apoptosis after transient focal ischemiaQ83160278
Ginsenoside Rd attenuates redox imbalance and improves stroke outcome after focal cerebral ischemia in aged miceQ84335570
Role of microRNA-214 in ginsenoside-Rg1-induced angiogenesisQ84520144
[Effects of ginsenosides on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress]Q84753984
Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on expressions of phosphory protein tau and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B in rat brain slice model of Alzheimer's diseaseQ42744653
20(S)-protopanaxadiol, an active ginseng metabolite, exhibits strong antidepressant-like effects in animal testsQ42963845
Compound K, a metabolite of ginsenosides, facilitates spontaneous GABA release onto CA3 pyramidal neuronsQ43044139
Effects of ginseng saponin on acute cocaine-induced alterations in evoked dopamine release and uptake in rat brain nucleus accumbensQ43146887
Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits beta-secretase activity in vitro and protects against Abeta-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cellsQ43150404
A flavonol glycoside, isolated from roots of Panax notoginseng, reduces amyloid-beta-induced neurotoxicity in cultured neurons: signaling transduction and drug development for Alzheimer's disease.Q43161344
Panaxatriol saponins extracted from Panax notoginseng induces thioredoxin-1 and prevents 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neurotoxicityQ43254755
Effect of ginseng saponins on beta-amyloid-suppressed acetylcholine release from rat hippocampal slices.Q43753818
Antiepileptic activity of Panax ginseng against pentylenetetrazole induced kindling in rats.Q43908606
The nootropic properties of ginseng saponin Rb1 are linked to effects on anxietyQ44218838
Axonal and dendritic extension by protopanaxadiol-type saponins from ginseng drugs in SK-N-SH cellsQ44260601
Effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of anaesthetized ratsQ44330765
Estrogenic effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on APP processing in post-menopausal plateletsQ44478325
Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates dopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by suppressing oxidative stressQ44523563
Neuroprotective actions of the ginseng extract G115 in two rodent models of Parkinson's diseaseQ44668541
Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on survival and neurite growth of MPP+-affected mesencephalic dopaminergic cellsQ44721390
Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces ischemic brain injury in ratsQ44782516
An antidepressant effect of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by learned helplessness model in miceQ44800219
Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces MPTP-induced substantia nigra neuron loss by suppressing oxidative stressQ45230170
Anticonvulsant activity of ginseng on seizures induced by chemical convulsantsQ45231301
Changes of [3H]MK-801, [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazepam binding in rat brain by the prolonged ventricular infusion of transformed ginsenosidesQ45239602
Antidepressant effects of ginseng total saponins in the forced swimming test and chronic mild stress models of depression.Q45919922
Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rd against oxygen-glucose deprivation in cultured hippocampal neurons.Q46008943
Preventive action of Kai Xin San aqueous extract on depressive-like symptoms and cognition deficit induced by chronic mild stress.Q46017498
Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of MicrogliaQ46079113
Panax ginseng protects against global ischemia injury in rat hippocampusQ46082935
Anxiolytic-like effects of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 from red ginseng in the elevated plus-maze modelQ46097963
Long-term ginsenoside consumption prevents memory loss in aged SAMP8 mice by decreasing oxidative stress and up-regulating the plasticity-related proteins in hippocampusQ46169706
Total saponins of Panax notoginseng modulate the expression of caspases and attenuate apoptosis in rats following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusionQ46212321
20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3, a neuroprotective agent, inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pores in rat brainQ46251145
Rg1 reduces nigral iron levels of MPTP-treated C57BL6 mice by regulating certain iron transport proteinsQ46253572
Ginsenoside Rb1 preconditioning protects against myocardial infarction after regional ischemia and reperfusion by activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signal transductionQ46446234
Effects of Ginsenoside Rbi on Central Cholinergic MetabolismQ46514127
Inhibitory effects of ginseng total saponins on behavioral sensitization and dopamine release induced by cocaineQ46725454
Ginsenoside Rg1 restores the impairment of learning induced by chronic morphine administration in ratsQ46727028
Effect of ginseng saponins on enhanced dopaminergic transmission and locomotor hyperactivity induced by nicotineQ46776466
Panax ginseng ginsenoside-Rg2 protects memory impairment via anti-apoptosis in a rat model with vascular dementiaQ46847767
P433issue1
P921main subjectnervous systemQ9404
ginsengQ20817212
P304page(s)8-29
P577publication date2013-03-01
P1433published inJournal of Ginseng ResearchQ26841821
P1476titleA comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system
P478volume37

Reverse relations

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