Abstract is: Anastrepha ludens, the Mexican fruit fly or Mexfly, is a species of fly of the Anastrepha genus in the Tephritidae family (fruit flies). It is closely related to the Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa, and the papaya fruit fly Anastrepha curvicauda. Anastrepha ludens is native to Mexico and Central America and is a major pest to citrus and mango agriculture in Mexico, Central America, and the lower Rio Grande Valley. The species exhibits high fecundity and relatively long lifespans compared to other species of fruit flies. These qualities make the Mexican fruit fly a particularly aggressive invasive species, especially threatening agriculture because the larvae grow and feed on many different species of fruit. The Anastrepha genus is designated as one of three genera that pose the greatest risk to American agriculture. According to the USDA, A. ludens is the only important member of the Anastrepha genus that is subtropical instead of tropical and thus has a range much further North than most Anastrepha species. Also the USDA estimates that the Mexfly causes $1.44 billion worth of damage in a 5-year time span, mostly to citrus farms. They are frequently designated as an invasive species in Southern California and Arizona and pose a serious threat to Florida's grapefruit agriculture.
| taxon | Q16521 |
| P3606 | BOLD Systems taxon ID | 83329 |
| P2464 | BugGuide taxon ID | 71452 |
| P10585 | Catalogue of Life ID | DHFW |
| P830 | Encyclopedia of Life ID | 725245 |
| P1417 | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID | animal/Mexican-fruit-fly |
| P3031 | EPPO Code | ANSTLU |
| P646 | Freebase ID | /m/0crfb3z |
| P846 | GBIF taxon ID | 1625041 |
| P4333 | GenBank assembly accession number | GCA_028408465.1 |
| GCA_028414665.1 | ||
| P3151 | iNaturalist taxon ID | 349065 |
| P5698 | Invasive Species Compendium Datasheet ID | 5654 |
| P10711 | Invasive.org species ID | 4932 |
| P815 | ITIS TSN | 142625 |
| P6366 | Microsoft Academic ID | 2779057328 |
| P685 | NCBI taxonomy ID | 28586 |
| P9157 | Open Tree of Life ID | 227746 |
| P10376 | ScienceDirect topic ID | agricultural-and-biological-sciences/anastrepha-ludens |
| P9566 | diel cycle | diurnality | Q4284186 |
| P6104 | maintained by WikiProject | WikiProject Invasion Biology | Q56241615 |
| P171 | parent taxon | Anastrepha | Q1946735 |
| P1813 | short name | A. ludens | |
| P1843 | taxon common name | Mexican Fruit Fly | |
| P225 | taxon name | Anastrepha ludens | |
| P105 | taxon rank | species | Q7432 |
| Q101159386 | A First Glimpse of the Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Antenna Morphology and Proteome in Response to a Proteinaceous Attractant |
| Q46653752 | A New Adult Diet Formulation for Sterile Males of Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q52762904 | A four-component attractant for the mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), from host fruit. |
| Q39027924 | A new blend of white sapote fruit volatiles as potential attractant to Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q52726819 | A novel attractant for Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from a Concord grape product. |
| Q52763138 | A novel attractant for Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens, from fermented host fruit. |
| Q127654344 | A spatio-temporal approach for the occurrence of traps capturing sexually mature Anastrepha ludens females over an extensive citrus area in Mexico |
| Q44782896 | Adult diet and male-female contact effects on female reproductive potential in Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew) (Diptera tephritidae). |
| Q110756461 | Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae irradiated at higher doses improve the rearing of two species of native parasitoids |
| Q52726821 | Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae) do not infest Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), but Anastrepha obliqua occasionally shares this resource with Anastrepha striata in nature. |
| Q104395005 | Anastrephin and epianastrephin, novel lactone components isolated from the sex pheromone blend of male caribbean and mexican fruit flies |
| Q38871106 | Application of feces extracts and synthetic analogues of the host marking pheromone of Anastrepha ludens significantly reduces fruit infestation by A. obliqua in tropical plum and mango backyard orchards |
| Q47719733 | Attractants fromStaphylococcus aureus cultures for Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens |
| Q52762788 | Attraction of both sexes of Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens, to a mixture of ammonia, methylamine, and putrescine. |
| Q92061450 | Behavioral Responses and Pupa Development Patterns After Hypoxia or Anoxia in a Desiccation-Resistant Anastrepha ludens Strain |
| Q52763458 | Behavioral responses of female Mexican fruit flies,Anastrepha ludens, to components of male-produced sex pheromone. |
| Q52763808 | Behavioral responses of male and female Mexican fruit flies,Anastrepha ludens, to male-produced chemicals in laboratory experiments. |
| Q36740500 | Biodemography of a long-lived tephritid: reproduction and longevity in a large cohort of female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q37219381 | Can consumption of antioxidant rich mushrooms extend longevity?: antioxidant activity of Pleurotus spp. and its effects on Mexican fruit flies' (Anastrepha ludens) longevity. |
| Q115432264 | Clutch size in frugivorous insects as a function of host firmness: the case of the tephritid fly Anastrepha ludens |
| Q38440742 | Colonization of a hybrid strain to restore male Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) mating competitiveness for sterile insect technique programs |
| Q39544708 | Comparative Responses of Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) to the Synthetic Attractant BioLure |
| Q52840550 | Comparison of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Bisexual and Genetic Sexing (Tapachula-7) Strains: Effect of Hypoxia, Fly Density, Chilling Period, and Food Type on Fly Quality. |
| Q51472385 | Copulatory behaviour and the process of intromission in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q37440618 | Date of eclosion modulates longevity: insights across dietary-restriction gradients and female reproduction in the mexfly Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q36812765 | Deleterious effect of suboptimal diet on rest-activity cycle in Anastrepha ludens manifests itself with age |
| Q107981751 | Demography of Anastrepha ludens, A. obliqua and A. serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mexico |
| Q50555265 | Determination of the Host Status of the 'Persian' Lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) for Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q50542597 | Development of transgenic strains for the biological control of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens |
| Q34631716 | Development, genetic and cytogenetic analyses of genetic sexing strains of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q43634884 | Directional selection to improve the sterile insect technique: Survival and sexual performance of desiccation resistant Anastrepha ludens strains. |
| Q99610147 | Does the Effect of Irradiation Dose Vary Between Flies Selected and Non-selected to Resist Desiccation? The Case of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q46434291 | Effect of Resin Ducts and Sap Content on Infestation and Development of Immature Stages of Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Four Mango (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) Cultivars. |
| Q122714131 | Effect of a Probiotic-Enriched Diet on Sexual Competitiveness, Pheromone Emission, and Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Sterile and Fertile Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q51506022 | Effect of cold storage on larval and adult Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) viability in commercially ripe, artificially infested Persea americana 'Hass'. |
| Q49609688 | Effect of cryopreservation on the pre-hatching behavior in the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera, Tephritidae). |
| Q111347986 | Effect of emergence time on the reproductive parameters of mass-reared Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies |
| Q46866399 | Effect of multiple endogenous biological factors on the response of the tephritids Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) to multilure traps baited with BioLure or NuLure in mango orchards. |
| Q56771276 | Effects of Larval Density and Support Substrate in Liquid Diet on Productivity and Quality of Artificially Reared Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q48882225 | Effects of age, diet, female density, and the host resource on egg load in Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q52698240 | Effects of bait age and prior protein feeding on cumulative time-dependent mortality of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to GF-120 spinosad baits. |
| Q47751520 | Effects of microwave-assisted hot water treatments designed against Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) on grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) quality |
| Q47435417 | Effects of size, sex and teneral resources on the resistance to hydric stress in the tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q46914849 | Efficacy of commercial traps and food odor attractants for mass trapping of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q35105260 | Female access and diet affect insemination success, senescence, and the cost of reproduction in male Mexican fruit flies Anastrepha ludens |
| Q60435621 | Female pupae of the genetic sexing strain “Tap-7” of Anastrepha ludens as hosts of Coptera haywardi |
| Q46840937 | Female receptivity in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) is not modulated by male accessory gland products |
| Q34323401 | Fitness cost implications of PhiC31-mediated site-specific integrations in target-site strains of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q50735898 | Foraging behavior of Anastrepha Ludens, A. obliqua, and A. serpentina in response to feces extracts containing host marking pheromone. |
| Q89542409 | Generic Irradiation and Hot Water Phytosanitary Treatments for Mango Fruits cv. 'Ataulfo' niño Infested by Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q60435623 | Genetic Structure of Populations ofAnastrepha ludens(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mexico |
| Q102332369 | Genetic and Ecological Relationships of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in Southern Mexico |
| Q43764581 | High hydrostatic pressure induces synthesis of heat-shock proteins and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase in Anastrepha ludens larvae |
| Q35949186 | Histopathological changes in third-instar and adult Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) after in vitro heat treatment |
| Q39527673 | Horizontal transmission of Beauveria bassiana in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) under laboratory and field cage conditions. |
| Q95309550 | Host Plant and Antibiotic Effects on Scent Bouquet Composition of Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua Calling Males, Two Polyphagous Tephritid Pests |
| Q113336222 | Host acceptance by three native braconid parasitoid species attacking larvae of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera, Tephritidae) |
| Q37817342 | Host marking pheromone (HMP) in the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q52737740 | Host status of Meyer and Eureka lemons for Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q50539455 | Host status of grapefruit and Valencia oranges for Anastrepha serpentina and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q122918416 | Inclusion of Anastrepha ludens fruit fly pupae in poultry rations added with digestive enzymes and yeast |
| Q56771426 | Infection of Anastrepha ludens following soil applications of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in a mango orchard |
| Q52778580 | Insect thermotolerance comparing host infestation methods: Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared in grapefruit or diet. |
| Q52683961 | Irradiation of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) revisited: optimizing sterility induction. |
| Q94959508 | Irradiation of early immature Anastrepha ludens stages for the rearing of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a fruit fly parasitoid |
| Q60576619 | Irradiation ofAnastrepha ludens(Diptera: Tephritidae) eggs for the rearing of the fruit fly parasitoids,Fopius arisanusandDiachasmimorpha longicaudata(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) |
| Q31936594 | Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q52858311 | Laboratory Evaluation of Two Commercial Abamectin-Based Insecticides Against Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae): Lethal and Sublethal Effects. |
| Q37315412 | Leg impairments elicit graded and sex-specific demographic responses in the tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q46673783 | Limits to the host range of the highly polyphagous tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens in its natural habitat. |
| Q50723351 | Long aculeus and behavior of Anastrepha ludens render gibberellic acid ineffective as an agent to reduce 'ruby red' grapefruit susceptibility to the attack of this pestiferous fruit fly in commercial groves. |
| Q36952814 | Longevity-fertility trade-offs in the tephritid fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, across dietary-restriction gradients |
| Q34631850 | Male-specific Y-linked transgene markers to enhance biologically-based control of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q51829155 | Mass rearing history negatively affects mating success of male Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared for sterile insect technique programs. |
| Q107982691 | McPhail Trap Captures of Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Relation to Time of Day |
| Q123162011 | Mechanical sorting of young Anastrepha ludens Tapachula-7 pupae, a host for Coptera haywardi, negatively affects sterile male quality |
| Q112291612 | Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota |
| Q52695856 | Mitotic and polytene chromosome analysis in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q30775475 | Mixture-amount design and response surface modeling to assess the effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids on developmental performance of Anastrepha ludens |
| Q63258545 | Morphology of the Immature Stages of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q119580353 | No-Host Status of Fruit Flies Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Soursop Fruit, Annona muricata (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) |
| Q44903828 | Nonhost status of commercial Persea americana 'Hass' to Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha serpentina, and Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mexico |
| Q94953770 | Novel tephritid-specific features revealed from cytological and transcriptomic analysis of Anastrepha ludens embryonic development |
| Q115297195 | Nuclear genetic diversity and structure of Anastrepha ludens wild populations evidenced by microsatellite markers |
| Q50132754 | Packing and Postirradiation Handling of the Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Tapachula-7 Genetic Sexing Strain: Combined Effects of Hypoxia, Pupal Size, and Temperature on Adult Quality |
| Q47717062 | Partial characterization and HPLC isolation of bacteria-produced attractants for the Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens |
| Q40135085 | Phylogeographic Structure in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations Inferred With mtDNA Sequencing. |
| Q50935648 | Population Dynamics of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Citrus Areas in Southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. |
| Q98947452 | Pre- and Post-Copulatory Competitiveness of the Genetic Sexing Strain Tapachula-7 of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q38417730 | Precooling treatments induce resistance of Anastrepha ludens eggs to quarantine treatments of high-pressure processing combined with cold. |
| Q46887226 | Predation of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Norops serranoi (Reptilia: Polychrotidae): functional response and evasion ability |
| Q33552142 | Prolongevity effects of an oregano and cranberry extract are diet dependent in the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens). |
| Q52665744 | Pupariation time as a source of variability in mating performance in mass-reared Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| Q52695521 | Random mating among Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults of geographically distant and ecologically distinct populations in Mexico. |
| Q46467986 | Reasons for success: Rapid evolution for desiccation resistance and life-history changes in the polyphagous fly Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q40428113 | Regional-Scale Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in the Citrus Region of Santa Engracia, Tamaulipas, Mexico. |
| Q52763203 | Responses of laboratory-strain Mexican fruit flies,Anastrepha ludens, to combinations of fermenting fruit odor and male-produced pheromone in laboratory bioassays. |
| Q52849553 | Selection by mating competitiveness improves the performance of Anastrepha ludens males of the genetic sexing strain Tapachula-7. |
| Q50283240 | Sexual Competitiveness of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Males Exposed to Citrus aurantium and Citrus paradisi Essential Oils. |
| Q46822473 | Sexual behavior and male volatile compounds in wild and mass-reared strains of the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) held under different colony management regimes. |
| Q35746394 | Sterility and Sexual Competitiveness of Tapachula-7 Anastrepha ludens Males Irradiated at Different Doses |
| Q91917830 | Structural Differences in the Digestive Tract Between Females and Males Could Modulate Regurgitation Behavior in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q56458879 | Superparasitism strategies by a native and an exotic parasitoid species attacking the Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens(Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q115512425 | Supplementary data for: Predation of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Norops serranoi (Reptilia: Polychrotidae): Functional Response and Evasion Ability |
| Q46914824 | Susceptibility of 15 mango (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) cultivars to the attack by Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the role of underdeveloped fruit as pest reservoirs: management implications |
| Q48551798 | Tetracycline-suppressible female lethality and sterility in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens. |
| Q50959203 | The Effects of a Modified Hot Water Treatment on Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)-Infested Mango. |
| Q60549337 | The effect of irradiation and mass rearing on the anti-predator behaviour of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| Q42613703 | There is no magic fruit fly trap: multiple biological factors influence the response of adult Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) individuals to MultiLure traps baited with BioLure or NuLure. |
| Q58615407 | Variation in the cuticular hydrocarbons of the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens males between strains and age classes |
| Q74310143 | Virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) on Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae): laboratory and field trials |
| Q91820860 | When Less Is More: Sex Ratios for the Mass-Rearing of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) |