Abstract is: Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria. While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. The misalignment may be vertical, horizontal or both. The misalignment (a few minutes of arc) is much smaller than that of strabismus. While strabismus prevents binocular vision, fixation disparity keeps binocular vision, however it may reduce a patient's level of stereopsis. A patient may or may not have fixation disparity and a patient may have a different fixation disparity at distance than near. Observers with a fixation disparity are more likely to report eye strain in demanding visual tasks; therefore, tests of fixation disparity belong to the diagnostic tools used by eye care professionals: remediation includes vision therapy, prism eye glasses, or visual ergonomics at the workplace.
eye disease | Q3041498 |
binocular vision disease | Q18554359 |
strabismus | Q179951 |
P2671 | Google Knowledge Graph ID | /g/121zz_8h |
P486 | MeSH descriptor ID | D015357 |
P672 | MeSH tree code | F02.463.593.778.255.780 |
F02.463.593.932.877 | ||
G14.930 | ||
P6366 | Microsoft Academic ID | 2776720304 |
P2892 | UMLS CUI | C0042791 |
P1382 | partially coincident with | ??? | Q31837369 |
Q41118785 | A comparative analysis of vertical and horizontal fixation disparity in sentence reading |
Q67393794 | A comparison of two fixation disparity targets |
Q47447188 | A study of the relationship between fixation disparity and target size |
Q66925398 | Accommodative and fusional components of fixation disparity |
Q70688753 | Actual measurement of fixation disparity and its use in diagnosis and treatment |
Q88641148 | An Optimal Measurement of Fixation Disparity Using Ogle's Apparatus |
Q73639865 | An evaluation of vertical divergence tests on the basis of fixation disparity |
Q57770025 | Binocular Coordination of the Eyes during Reading: Word Frequency and Case Alternation Affect Fixation Duration but not Fixation Disparity |
Q44084552 | Binocular fixation disparity in single word displays |
Q84466796 | Binocularity during reading fixations: Properties of the minimum fixation disparity |
Q69790775 | Can current models of accommodation and vergence control account for the discrepancies between AC/A measurements made by the fixation disparity and phoria methods? |
Q69633855 | Combined effects of spatial frequency and retinal eccentricity upon fixation disparity |
Q74237646 | Comments on fixation disparity |
Q69242003 | Comparison of Wesson and modified Sheedy fixation disparity tests. Do fixation disparity measures relate to normal binocular status? |
Q68777212 | Comparison of disparometer fixation disparity curves as measured with and without the phoropter |
Q81225626 | Comparison of fixation disparity curve parameters obtained with the Wesson and Saladin fixation disparity cards |
Q52333745 | Comparison of fixation disparity curve variables measured with the Sheedy Disparometer and the Wesson Fixation Disparity Card. |
Q83666585 | Comparison of fixation disparity measured by saladin card and disparometer |
Q46603675 | Comparison of fixation disparity measurements obtained with the Wesson Fixation Disparity Card and the Sheedy Disparometer |
Q73333533 | Comparison of the monocular occlusion and a direct method for objective measurement of fixation disparity |
Q69760610 | Comparison of two fixation disparity determinantions |
Q68469569 | Comparisons of commercially available devices for the measurement of fixation disparity and associated phorias |
Q69633872 | Computerized fixation disparity measurement |
Q52920840 | Contrast thresholds and fixation disparity during 5-Hz sinusoidal single- and dual-axis (vertical and lateral) whole-body vibration. |
Q69633870 | Convergence insufficiency, fixation disparity, and control systems analysis |
Q52883798 | Dark vergence in relation to fixation disparity at different luminance and blur levels. |
Q70101853 | Differentiation of asymptomatic patients from symptomatic patients by the slope of the forced vergence fixation disparity curve |
Q69633851 | Disparity vergence dynamics and fixation disparity |
Q90000347 | Does an iPad fixation disparity test give equivalent results to the Mallett near fixation disparity test? |
Q76977740 | EFFECT OF BLUR ON FIXATION DISPARITY |
Q69504424 | Effect of a central fusion stimulus on fixation disparity |
Q72040108 | Effect of fixation disparity on distance binocular visual acuity |
Q72667364 | Effect of induced fixation disparity by negative lenses on the visually evoked potential wave |
Q67595757 | Effect of induced fixation disparity on binocular visual acuity |
Q69681464 | Effect of nearpoint stress on the horizontal forced vergence fixation disparity curve |
Q69260180 | Effect of reading in low illumination on fixation disparity |
Q35797357 | Effects of Prism Eyeglasses on Objective and Subjective Fixation Disparity |
Q73952887 | Effects of nonius line and fusion lock parameters on fixation disparity |
Q74003796 | Esotropia and convergent fixation disparity; of small degree: differential diagnosis and management |
Q37677659 | Evaluation of fixation disparity curve parameters with the modified near mallett unit in symptomatic and asymptomatic university students |
Q85610001 | Evaluation of fixation disparity curve with the modified near Mallett unit and the wesson fixation disparity card in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects |
Q78373080 | FIXATION DISPARITY AND HETEROPHORIA FOLLOWING PROLONGED WEARING OF PRISMS |
Q77085644 | FIXATION DISPARITY WITH AND WITHOUT FOVEAL FUSION CONTOURS |
Q39570676 | Fixation disparity analysis of oculomotor imbalance. |
Q30358652 | Fixation disparity analysis: sensory and motor approaches. |
Q73924621 | Fixation disparity and accommodation as a function of viewing distance and prism load |
Q73614360 | Fixation disparity and accommodation for stimuli closer and more distant than oculomotor tonic positions |
Q52313864 | Fixation disparity and learning disabilities |
Q72174828 | Fixation disparity and near visual acuity |
Q52912575 | Fixation disparity and nonius bias. |
Q74848554 | Fixation disparity and oculomotor imbalance |
Q53006603 | Fixation disparity and reading achievement at the college level. |
Q44354215 | Fixation disparity and stereopsis |
Q80355848 | Fixation disparity and the fusional processes in binocular single vision |
Q74783396 | Fixation disparity at different viewing distances and the preferred viewing distance in a laboratory near-vision task |
Q70760115 | Fixation disparity at different viewing distances of a visual display unit |
Q69407492 | Fixation disparity in binocular stress |
Q66878383 | Fixation disparity in peripheral and central binocular vision under conditions of prismatic heterophoria (author's transl) |
Q74374278 | Fixation disparity in relation to heterophoria |
Q70523641 | Fixation disparity in vertical vergence |
Q52487813 | Fixation disparity under open- and closed-loop accommodation. |
Q66881380 | Fixation disparity under various test-conditions (author's transl) |
Q70067666 | Fixation disparity vs. binocular fixation misalignment |
Q80138105 | Fixation disparity with a so-called "central" fusion lock |
Q77601462 | Fixation disparity, accommodation, dark vergence and dark focus during inclined gaze |
Q69352127 | Fixation disparity, its continuous measurement |
Q78718334 | Fixation disparity: binocular vergence accuracy for a visual display at different positions relative to the eyes |
Q37043266 | Fixation disparity: clinical implications and utilization |
Q54245226 | Forced vergence fixation disparity curves at distance and near in an asymptomatic young adult population. |
Q69681460 | Forced vergence fixation disparity curves in presbyopia |
Q78760759 | Foveal fixation disparity measurements and their use in determining the relationship between accommodative convergence and accommodation |
Q75714751 | Further considerations of fixation disparity and the binocular fusional processes |
Q71161006 | Fusion lock diameter and the forced vergence fixation disparity curve |
Q34027123 | Heterophoria and fixation disparity: a review |
Q36449786 | Horizontal and vertical vergence training and its effect on vergences and fixation disparity curves: I. Horizontal data |
Q36449791 | Horizontal and vertical vergence training and its effect on vergences, fixation disparity curves, and prism adaptation: II. Vertical data. |
Q46827425 | Horizontal fixation disparity measures with nonius lines. |
Q36263891 | Individual Objective and Subjective Fixation Disparity in Near Vision |
Q64998418 | Individual objective versus subjective fixation disparity as a function of forced vergence. |
Q67816834 | Influence of ocular gaze and head position on 4 m heterophoria and fixation disparity |
Q45737854 | Investigating eye movement acquisition and analysis technologies as a causal factor in differential prevalence of crossed and uncrossed fixation disparity during reading and dot scanning. |
Q41894718 | Is fixation disparity the control of fusion? |
Q67945338 | Lens-induced fixation disparity curves |
Q52447418 | Linear model of accommodation and vergence can account for discrepancies between AC/A measures using the fixation disparity and phoria methods |
Q83397803 | Macular dystrophy as a retinal model of fixation disparity |
Q46921776 | Measurements of objective and subjective fixation disparity with and without a central fusion stimulus. |
Q48858062 | Measuring fixation disparity with infrared eye-trackers. |
Q85906120 | Measuring glare induced visual fatigue by fixation disparity variation |
Q98193809 | Measuring vergence and fixation disparity in 3D space |
Q86690317 | Monocular Versus Binocular Calibrations in Evaluating Fixation Disparity With a Video-Based Eye-Tracker |
Q53882693 | Monocular components of the fixation disparity curve. |
Q71020469 | New measures of fixation disparity in the diagnosis of binocular oculomotor deficiencies |
Q52622486 | Nonlinear forced vertical vergence fixation disparity curves and their clinical significance. |
Q72176360 | Notes on fixation disparity |
Q42970649 | Objective vs subjective measures of fixation disparity for short and long fixation periods. |
Q71348161 | Parameters of fixation disparity |
Q82843076 | Periodic letter strokes within a word affect fixation disparity during reading |
Q67735718 | Phoria, vergence, and fixation disparity in oculomotor problems |
Q67452435 | Population study of fixation disparity, heterophoria, and vergence |
Q72831668 | Precise placement of nonius lines on a personal computer screen for measuring fixation disparity |
Q47776091 | Reflections from an orthoptist. A brief history of orthoptics, fixation disparity, the evil eye. |
Q51624009 | Relation between fixation disparity and the asymmetry between convergent and divergent disparity step responses. |
Q70604270 | Relationship between fixation disparity curves and symptoms in monofixators |
Q71025872 | Reliability of fixation disparity curves |
Q76783906 | STUDIES ON FUSION. (2). FIXATION DISPARITY OF NORMAL SUBJECTS |
Q40689731 | Simultaneous investigation of fixation disparity stereothreshold and horopter balance |
Q72553204 | Small angle esotropia and fixation disparity |
Q74848657 | Some physiologic aspects of fixation disparity |
Q78816793 | Stereoacuity versus fixation disparity as indicators for vergence accuracy under prismatic stress |
Q71287128 | Stereopsis and fixation disparity following prolonged monocular occlusion |
Q80837084 | Stereoscopic acuity, observation distance and fixation disparity: a commentary on 'Stereoscopic acuity and observation distance' by Bradshaw and Glennerster (2006) |
Q78808878 | Studies in fixation disparity. 3. The apparent uniocular components of fixation disparity |
Q69633868 | Studies in vertical fixation disparity |
Q35245524 | Studies of fixation disparity; historical review. |
Q53082900 | Subjective fixation disparity affected by dynamic asymmetry, resting vergence, and nonius bias. |
Q80138101 | The Mallett Fixation Disparity Test: influence of test instructions and relationship with symptoms |
Q52079803 | The characteristics of near prism induced fixation disparity curve in Hong Kong Chinese. |
Q71045197 | The clinical calculation of fixation disparity |
Q74201086 | The clinical significance of the effect of vergence on fixation disparity; a preliminary investigation |
Q54345701 | The effect of illumination and foveal fusion lock on clinical fixation disparity measurements with the Sheedy Disparometer. |
Q68281743 | The effect of volition on the horizontal forced-vergence fixation disparity curve |
Q68716705 | The effect on fixation disparity and associated heterophoria of reading at an abnormally close distance |
Q66935145 | The influence of rapid prism adaptation upon fixation disparity |
Q82628162 | The influence of unilateral uncorrected astigmatism on binocular vision and fixation disparity |
Q43123306 | The magnitude of foveal suppression during fixation disparity in presbyopic patients. |
Q82935426 | The prism that aligns fixation disparity does not predict the self-selected prism |
Q67374154 | The relationship between fixation disparity and heterophoria |
Q66988605 | The relationship between fusional vergence eye movements and fixation disparity |
Q71775348 | The stability of the fixation disparity curve |
Q70563139 | Uncertainty in the measurement of fixation disparity due to zones of perceived nonius alignment |
Q30978070 | Variability of fixation disparity and accommodation when viewing a CRT visual display unit |
Q44295629 | Variation in stereoacuity: normative description, fixation disparity, and the roles of aging and gender |
Q72200048 | Variations in the monocular components of fixation disparity |
Q68217711 | Vergence Errors: Some Hitherto Unreported Aspects of Fixation Disparity |
Q83946076 | Vergence dynamics and variability of fixation disparity in children and adults |
Q74146459 | Vergence dynamics predict fixation disparity |
Q44219532 | Vertical fixation disparity correction: effect on the horizontal forced-vergence fixation disparity curve |
Q73370393 | Vertical fixation disparity curve and the effects of vergence training in a normal young adult population |
Q52221506 | Vertical fixation disparity in learning disabled. |
Q71881588 | [Acquired vertical diplopia in macular dystrophy as a model for obligate fixation disparity] |
Q67965400 | [Behavior of the other eye in measuring fixation disparity] |
Q74085595 | [Can fixation disparity be detected reliably by measurement and correctional techniques according H.J. Haase (MKH)?] |
Q73640128 | [Can fixation disparity be detected reliably by measurement techniques according to H. J. Haase?] |
Q73053973 | [Chronic fixation disparity doesn't have to result in reduced stereo depth perception] |
Q77482224 | [Comment on: Jürgen Gerling, Miriam Ball, Thomas Bömer, Michael Bach and Guntram Kommerell, Fixation disparity in the Pola Pointing Test: not representative of eye position under normal circumstances] |
Q74720329 | [Fixation disparity with the Pola pointing test: not representative for eye position under natural viewing conditions] |
Q73368076 | [Is determination of fixation disparity with the H.-J. Haase measurement and correction method reliable?] |
Q78783774 | [Observations on 2 cases of asymmetric fixation disparity] |
Q45951574 | [Operative results and postoperative fixation disparity curves in intermittent divergent squint] |
Q77052069 | [Possibility of a correct differential diagnosis between convergent fixation disparity and low-grade exotropia] |
Q80895953 | [Vergence dynamics and variability of fixation disparity in school children with reading-spelling disorders] |
Q31837369 | Fixationsdisparation | partially coincident with | P1382 |
Fixationsdisparität | wikipedia | |
Fixation disparity | wikipedia | |
Fixatie disparatie | wikipedia |
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