Abstract is: Ghrelin (/ˈɡrɛlɪn/; or lenomorelin, INN) is a hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, and is often called a "hunger hormone" because it increases the drive to eat. Blood levels of ghrelin are highest before meals when hungry, returning to lower levels after mealtimes. Ghrelin may help prepare for food intake by increasing gastric motility and stimulating the secretion of gastric acid. Ghrelin activates cells in the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, including neuropeptide Y neurons that initiate appetite. Ghrelin stimulates brain structures having a specific receptor – the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A (GHSR-1A). Ghrelin also participates in regulation of reward cognition, learning and memory, the sleep-wake cycle, taste sensation, reward behavior, and glucose metabolism.
| protein precursor | Q258658 |
| protein | Q8054 |
| P702 | encoded by | GHRL | Q21163357 |
| P703 | found in taxon | Homo sapiens | Q15978631 |
| P527 | has part(s) | ghrelin-27 | Q66218716 |
| ghrelin | Q422269 | ||
| obestatin | Q905680 | ||
| P361 | part of | Preproghrelin peptide | Q24786017 |
| Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin | Q45317721 |
| Q50681727 | DecS-GHRL-1(24-117) [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] |
| Q50681728 | DecS-GHRL-1(24-117) [secretory granule lumen] |
| Q50681737 | DecS-GHRL-1(24-50) [extracellular region] |
| Q50687132 | DecS-GHRL-1(24-50) [secretory granule lumen] |
| Q50687141 | DecS-GHRL-1(24-51) [extracellular region] |
| Q50687133 | DecS-GHRL-1(24-51) [secretory granule lumen] |
| Q50373924 | O-octanoyl-L-serine-GHRL-1(24-117) [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] |
| Q50687131 | O-octanoyl-L-serine-GHRL-1(24-117) [secretory granule lumen] |
| Q50687143 | O-octanoyl-L-serine-GHRL-1(24-50) [extracellular region] |
| Q50687135 | O-octanoyl-L-serine-GHRL-1(24-50) [secretory granule lumen] |
| Q50687144 | O-octanoyl-L-serine-GHRL-1(24-51) [extracellular region] |
| Q50687138 | O-octanoyl-L-serine-GHRL-1(24-51) [secretory granule lumen] |
| Q50296708 | Acyl Ghrelin and C-Ghrelin are secreted |
| Q50269498 | Des-acyl Ghrelin [extracellular region] |
| Q50296705 | Ghrelin O-acyltransferase decanoylates Proghrelin |
| Q50296703 | Ghrelin O-acyltransferase octanoylates Proghrelin |
| Q50296707 | PCSK1 hydrolyzes acyl Proghrelin to acyl Ghrelin |
| Q50269486 | Preproghrelin and prepro-des-Gln14-ghrelin [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] |
| Q50269490 | Proghrelin and Pro-des-Gln14-ghrelin [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] |
| Q24317371 | Distribution of ghrelin-immunoreactive neuronal networks in the human hypothalamus |
| Q24300510 | Effects of estrogen and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I on ghrelin secretion in severe undernutrition |
| Q24305268 | Facilitation of decidualization by locally produced ghrelin in the human endometrium |
| Q24308834 | Ghrelin alone or co-administered with GHRH or CRH increases non-REM sleep and decreases REM sleep in young males |
| Q24300324 | Ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin stimulate human osteoblast growth via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in the absence of GHS-R1a |
| Q24305238 | Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance |
| Q24338674 | Ghrelin does not regulate the GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in children but could be involved in the regulation of cortisol secretion |
| Q24302568 | Ghrelin enhances the growth of cultured human adrenal zona glomerulosa cells by exerting MAPK-mediated proliferogenic and antiapoptotic effects |
| Q24317768 | Ghrelin inhibits FGF-2-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo |
| Q24298483 | Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells |
| Q22010951 | Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach |
| Q24293806 | Ghrelin is no longer able to stimulate growth hormone secretion in patients with Cushing's syndrome but instead induces exaggerated corticotropin and cortisol responses |
| Q24317092 | Ghrelin is produced by the human erythroleukemic HEL cell line and involved in an autocrine pathway leading to cell proliferation |
| Q24293908 | Growth hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) is synthesized and secreted by cardiomyocytes |
| Q24306403 | Loss of constitutive activity of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in familial short stature |
| Q24319077 | Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time- and food-related cues |
| Q24301122 | Plasma levels of acylated ghrelin during an oral glucose tolerance test in obese children |
| Q24312820 | Plasma levels of intact and degraded ghrelin and their responses to glucose infusion in anorexia nervosa |
| Q24318866 | The endogenous growth hormone secretagogue (ghrelin) is synthesized and secreted by chondrocytes |
| Q30489621 | The preproghrelin gene is required for the normal integration of thermoregulation and sleep in mice |
| Q21163357 | GHRL | encodes | P688 |