Abstract is: The B2FH paper was a landmark scientific paper on the origin of the chemical elements. The paper's title is Synthesis of the Elements in Stars, but it became known as B2FH from the initials of its authors: Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, William A. Fowler, and Fred Hoyle. It was written from 1955 to 1956 at the University of Cambridge and Caltech, then published in Reviews of Modern Physics in 1957. The B2FH paper reviewed stellar nucleosynthesis theory and supported it with astronomical and laboratory data. It identified nucleosynthesis processes that are responsible for producing the elements heavier than iron and explained their relative abundances. The paper became highly influential in both astronomy and nuclear physics.
scholarly article | Q13442814 |
P819 | ADS bibcode | 1957RvMP...29..547B |
P356 | DOI | 10.1103/REVMODPHYS.29.547 |
P646 | Freebase ID | /m/02v_2zh |
P6366 | Microsoft Academic ID | 2656276 |
P3181 | OpenCitations bibliographic resource ID | 3895495 |
P50 | author | Margaret Burbidge | Q235712 |
William Alfred Fowler | Q46120 | ||
Fred Hoyle | Q183397 | ||
Geoffrey Burbidge | Q363930 | ||
P2860 | cites work | Detection of the Free Neutrino | Q21709160 |
Concentration of Uranium and Lead and the Isotopic Composition of Lead in Meteoritic Material | Q21709163 | ||
The Mechanism of Nuclear Fission | Q21709316 | ||
Energy Production in Stars | Q21709335 | ||
B 12 , C 12 , and the Red Giants | Q21709547 | ||
Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta Decay | Q21709557 | ||
Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions | Q21709562 | ||
Transplutonium Elements in Thermonuclear Test Debris | Q21709573 | ||
Abundances of the Elements | Q21709687 | ||
The Luminosity Function and Stellar Evolution. | Q29013440 | ||
On Nuclear Reactions Occuring in Very Hot STARS.I. the Synthesis of Elements from Carbon to Nickel. | Q29393200 | ||
Technetium in the N-Type Star 19 PISCIUM | Q29542078 | ||
Detection of the Free Neutrino: a Confirmation | Q34006473 | ||
ELEMENT-BUILDING REACTIONS IN STARS | Q37615090 | ||
THE COSMIC ABUNDANCES OF POTASSIUM, URANIUM, AND THORIUM AND THE HEAT BALANCES OF THE EARTH, THE MOON, AND MARS. | Q38532385 | ||
The Astronomical Aspects | Q53975261 | ||
The Circumstellar Envelope of Alpha Herculis | Q53997838 | ||
The Atmospheres of A-Type Subdwarfs and 95 Leonis | Q54001682 | ||
The Spectra of the Bright Stars of Types F5-K5 | Q54216379 | ||
Age of the Earth. | Q55044487 | ||
The Synthesis of the Elements from Hydrogen | Q55871737 | ||
The Steady-State Theory of the Expanding Universe | Q55877781 | ||
On the possible presence of He3 in the magnetic star 21 Aquilae | Q68578432 | ||
Observational approach to evolution. II. A computed luminosity function for K0-K2 stars from +5 to -4.5 absolute visual magnitude | Q68578468 | ||
The red spectrum of FU Monocerotis | Q68599655 | ||
Polarization in a bright ultraviolet T Tauri star | Q68599681 | ||
Intensities of atomic absorption lines in the spectra of long-period variable stars | Q68604791 | ||
Line intensities in the spectra of cool carbon stars. I. R stars in the violet | Q68604796 | ||
Origin of the Elements in Stars | Q81184581 | ||
The Pb207/Pb206 ages of some stone meteorites | Q112074004 | ||
Chemical Compositions of Selected Planetary Nebulae. | Q114553040 | ||
Supernovae and Californium 254 | Q55889557 | ||
Zur Theorie der Kernmassen | Q55893133 | ||
On the Evolution of Type II Stars | Q55952363 | ||
The Early Phases of Stellar Evolution | Q56080324 | ||
Nuclear Reactions in Stars Without Hydrogen | Q56114680 | ||
On the Composition of the Sun's Atmosphere | Q56115893 | ||
The Classification of the Red Carbon Stars | Q56341883 | ||
The color-magnitude diagram of the globular cluster M 92 | Q56484519 | ||
Electron Scattering and Nuclear Structure | Q56504034 | ||
The Spectrum Analysis of the Hot Carbon Star, R Coronae Borealis | Q56505323 | ||
Spontaneous-Fission Half-Lives ofCf254andCm250 | Q56624534 | ||
Californium-254 and Supernovae | Q56624536 | ||
Nova Ophiuchi of 1604 AS a Supernova | Q56639894 | ||
Model for Nuclear Reactions with Neutrons | Q56659103 | ||
The Spectra of Certain Stars whose Atmospheres may BE Deficient in Hydrogen | Q56881556 | ||
An Investigation of Monochromatic Radio Emission of Deuterium from the Galaxy | Q58936401 | ||
Intensity of the Radio Line of Galactic Deuterium | Q58941496 | ||
Time Interval between Nucleogenesis and the Formation of Meteorites | Q58949009 | ||
The BA II Stars | Q59759226 | ||
Chemical composition of the Ba II star HD 46407 and its bearing on element synthesis in stars | Q66424497 | ||
Anomalous abundances of Manganese, Strontium and Europium in HD 151199 | Q66470267 | ||
An analysis of the magnetic variable alpha2 Canum Venaticorum | Q66470562 | ||
A study of emission-line intensities in some bright northern Wolf-Rayet stars | Q66616599 | ||
Radial velocities of 283 stars of spectral classes R and N | Q66616607 | ||
A correlation between the spectroscopic and dynamical characteristics of the late F and early G type stars | Q66616658 | ||
Spectral classification of the high-velocity stars | Q66616688 | ||
The He star HD 168476 | Q66616726 | ||
The color-luminosity array for stars near the Sun | Q66616732 | ||
Distribution of the nearer bright stars in the color-luminosity array | Q66616798 | ||
A spectroscopic comparison between high and low velocity K giants | Q66616801 | ||
High-dispersion spectra of nu Sagittarii | Q66648460 | ||
The peculiar star HD 30353 | Q66648491 | ||
HD 160641, a hydrogen-deficient O-type star | Q66648526 | ||
Redshifts and magnitudes of extragalactic nebulae | Q66648623 | ||
Radial velocities of nine S-type stars | Q66648631 | ||
Atomic lines in the spectrum of R Andromedae | Q66682208 | ||
Revised list of absorption lines in the spectrum of R Andromedae | Q66682216 | ||
The spectra of CH stars | Q66709658 | ||
Evolution and the white dwarfs | Q68141520 | ||
The chemical compositions of five stars which show some of the characteristics of Population II | Q68251308 | ||
On the change of period of eclipsing variable stars | Q68399305 | ||
Nuclear reactions and element synthesis on the surfaces of stars | Q68460172 | ||
The atmospheres of the B stars. III. The composition of tau Scorpii | Q68460179 | ||
B Cassiopeiae as a supernova of type I | Q68577827 | ||
The spectra of R Andromedae (maximum) and mu Cephei between 7400 and 8800 Angstrom | Q68577989 | ||
Lines of the rare-earth elements in the spectrum of R Andromedae | Q68578175 | ||
Origin of anomalous abundances of the elements in giant stars | Q68578301 | ||
On the abundance of interstellar Beryllium | Q68578304 | ||
Relative abundances and atmospheric conditions in the magnetic star HD 133029 | Q68578390 | ||
Comparative study of five Carbon stars in the visual and infrared spectral regions | Q68578422 | ||
Three-color photometry in the globular cluster M 3 | Q68578427 | ||
P433 | issue | 4 | |
P407 | language of work or name | English | Q1860 |
P921 | main subject | stellar nucleosynthesis | Q1057093 |
abundance of the chemical elements | Q428867 | ||
P138 | named after | Margaret Burbidge | Q235712 |
William Alfred Fowler | Q46120 | ||
Fred Hoyle | Q183397 | ||
Geoffrey Burbidge | Q363930 | ||
P304 | page(s) | 547-650 | |
P577 | publication date | 1957-10-01 | |
P1433 | published in | Reviews of Modern Physics | Q26572 |
P1476 | title | Synthesis of the Elements in Stars | |
P478 | volume | 29 |
Q50863557 | 94 β-Decay Half-Lives of Neutron-Rich _{55}Cs to _{67}Ho: Experimental Feedback and Evaluation of the r-Process Rare-Earth Peak Formation. |
Q34683869 | A component of primitive nuclear composition in carbonaceous meteorites. |
Q46250466 | A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source. |
Q59072374 | A lithium-rich stellar explosion |
Q58973131 | Abundance of Heavy Metals in the Halo Red Giant Star HD 122563 |
Q58958925 | Abundances of the Rare-Earth Elements, Lanthanum to Lutetium, in Chondritic Meteorites |
Q58265912 | Accelerator mass spectrometry: state of the art and perspectives |
Q68341975 | Active-sterile neutrino conversion: consequences for the r-process and supernova neutrino detection |
Q59044105 | An early stellar nursery |
Q111858823 | An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part I: Stellar mineralogy (>13 to 4.6 Ga) |
Q66424552 | Analysis of neutron capture elements in metal-poor stars |
Q58946547 | Are Tektites Extra-Solar-System Meteorites? |
Q48052394 | Astronomy: Cosmic fog and smog |
Q78457569 | Astronomy: relic of the dawn of time |
Q57431087 | Astrophysical analysis of the measurement of (α,γ) and (α,n) cross sections of169Tm |
Q57853160 | Astrophysical false positives in direct imaging for exoplanets: a white dwarf close to a rejuvenated star |
Q57946917 | Astrophysics experiments with radioactive beams at ATLAS |
Q58817824 | Atomic effects on α-α scattering to the 8Be ground state |
Q21707755 | Attempt to detect primordial 244 Pu on Earth |
Q56341882 | Barium isotopes in individual presolar silicon carbide grains from the Murchison meteorite |
Q60542402 | Beta-decay properties of the neutron-rich 94–99Kr and 142–147Xe isotopes |
Q54289475 | Can cytosine, thymine and uracil be formed in interstellar regions? A theoretical study. |
Q29302730 | Carbon abundances of early B-type stars in the solar vicinity |
Q57567699 | Chemical composition of evolved stars in the young open clusters NGC 4609 and NGC 5316 |
Q68512757 | Chemical compositions of four barium stars |
Q51867960 | Composition of the Earth's interior: the importance of early events. |
Q59025460 | Constraints on r-process nucleosynthesis in accretion disks |
Q27012504 | Coulomb dissociation ofN20,21 |
Q58995073 | Dating the Galaxy by Uranium Decay |
Q59145340 | Deficiency of Metals in Population II Stars |
Q34231711 | Detection of pristine gas two billion years after the Big Bang |
Q58817729 | Determination of141Pr(α,n)144Pm cross sections at energies of relevance for the astrophysicalpprocess using theγγcoincidence method |
Q58980765 | Dirac's Cosmology |
Q74498547 | Direct proof of electron-capture-delayed-fission process |
Q59035730 | Do Low-energy Cosmic-ray Electrons indicate Very Heavy Primaries? |
Q51060287 | Early solar system. Stellar origin of the ¹⁸²Hf cosmochronometer and the presolar history of solar system matter. |
Q46055257 | Early spectra of the gravitational wave source GW170817: Evolution of a neutron star merger. |
Q56813871 | Earth's Heat Source - The Sun |
Q49825800 | Electric and Magnetic Dipole Strength at Low Energy. |
Q46296995 | Electromagnetic evidence that SSS17a is the result of a binary neutron star merger. |
Q78098348 | Electron-capture delayed fission properties of 228Np |
Q78096426 | Electron-capture delayed fission properties of the new isotope 238Bk |
Q78086382 | Electron-capture-delayed fission properties of 232Am |
Q78084430 | Electron-capture-delayed fission properties of 234Am |
Q34582777 | Energy production in stars |
Q57561963 | Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817 |
Q51168611 | Evidence for Gamow-Teller Decay of ^{78}Ni Core from Beta-Delayed Neutron Emission Studies. |
Q59056859 | Evidence for live 247Cm in the early Solar System |
Q37256047 | Evidence for supernova injection into the solar nebula and the decoupling of r-process nucleosynthesis |
Q58215985 | Experimentally constrained(p,γ)Y89and(n,γ)Y89reaction rates relevant top-process nucleosynthesis |
Q36214046 | Explosive nucleosynthesis in stars |
Q56914135 | Extragalactic Astronomy: From Pioneers to Big Science |
Q39922471 | Extraterrestrial organic analysis |
Q57431987 | Formation of the rare-earth peak: Gaining insight into late-timer-process dynamics |
Q48766495 | Fred Hoyle's biggest bang |
Q58399115 | Fusion hindrance forNi58+Fe54 |
Q58399199 | Fusion of the positiveQ-value systemS36+Ca48well below the Coulomb barrier |
Q58979385 | Galactic Explosions as Sources of Radio Emission |
Q58966901 | Gamma rays from galactic 26A1 |
Q90100532 | Generating keV ion distributions for nuclear reactions at near solid-density using intense short-pulse lasers |
Q47485586 | Geoffrey Ronald Burbidge. 24 September 1925 — 26 January 2010 |
Q40797281 | Gravitational Collapse and the Death of a Star |
Q51064362 | Half-life systematics across the N=126 shell closure: role of first-forbidden transitions in the β decay of heavy neutron-rich nuclei. |
Q27345367 | Heavy Isotope Abundances in Mike Thermonuclear Device |
Q59099115 | Heavy element synthesis in the oldest stars and the early Universe |
Q68306988 | Helium and Big Bang nucleosynthesis |
Q86762851 | High accuracy measurement of isotope ratios of molybdenum in some terrestrial molybdenites |
Q58929787 | How to blow up a star |
Q21706232 | Hydrodynamic Origin of Cosmic Rays |
Q90911625 | Identification of strontium in the merger of two neutron stars |
Q57430453 | Influence of neutron capture rates in the rare earth region on ther-process abundance pattern |
Q59096796 | Interstellar grains in meteorites |
Q58216046 | Investigation of the reaction74Ge(p,γ)75As using the in-beam method to improve reaction network predictions forpnuclei |
Q50971268 | Isomer decay spectroscopy of 164Sm and 166Gd: midshell collectivity around N=100. |
Q56624623 | Isotope abundance ofTa180mandp-process nucleosynthesis |
Q59073551 | Isotopes of tellurium, xenon and krypton in Allende meteorite retain record of nucleosynthesis |
Q58966867 | Isotopic Composition and the Atomic Weight of Naturally Occurring Molybdenum : A Possible Reflexion of the Creation Process |
Q33875154 | Laboratory technology and cosmochemistry |
Q31909936 | Laser ionization of 124Ag and its decay to levels of 124Cd. |
Q78034934 | Level scheme of 148Pm and the s-process neutron density |
Q78085935 | Low-energy reaction yields for 18O(p, gamma ) and 18O( alpha, gamma ) |
Q78032006 | Low-lying levels in 148Pm |
Q44343991 | Milestones and Missed Opportunities in the Early History of Primordial Nucleosynthesis |
Q51059968 | Monopole-driven shell evolution below the doubly magic nucleus 132Sn explored with the long-lived isomer in 126Pd. |
Q37202352 | Multilayer Network Analysis of Nuclear Reactions. |
Q79283408 | N=82 shell quenching of the classical r-process "waiting-point" nucleus 130Cd |
Q59084057 | Nature of Strong Radio Sources |
Q27342623 | Neutron Capture Data at Stellar Temperatures |
Q59007068 | Neutron Capture in Tin Isotopes at Stellar Temperatures |
Q59016643 | Neutron Capture in the Samarium Isotopes and the Formation of the Elements of the Solar System |
Q55870493 | Neutron capture chains in heavy element synthesis |
Q50890933 | Neutron single particle structure in 131Sn and direct neutron capture cross sections. |
Q59057861 | New insights into the astrophysical r-process |
Q66470575 | Nu Indi: a weak-lined halo star with excess deficiency of nitrogen |
Q38540922 | Nuclear Clues to the Early History of the Solar System: Light nuclei were synthesized before planetary material had entirely separated from hydrogen |
Q68315960 | Nucleocosmochronology |
Q27335756 | Nucleosynthesis During Silicon Burning |
Q56573219 | Nucleosynthesis in neutron-rich ejecta from quark-novae |
Q55967122 | Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars |
Q66424427 | On the correlation of elemental abundances with kinematics among galactic disk stars |
Q59426088 | On the parallels between cosmology and astrobiology: a transdisciplinary approach to the search for extraterrestrial life |
Q58907422 | Origin of central abundances in the hot intra-cluster medium. II. Chemical enrichment and supernova yield models |
Q46645532 | Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational-wave event |
Q56907228 | Origins of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars |
Q58992942 | Phenomenological Description of Neutron Capture Cross Sections at 30 keV |
Q98205010 | Phosphorus-rich stars with unusual abundances are challenging theoretical predictions |
Q57760264 | Photodisintegration ofSe80: Implications for thes-process branching atSe79 |
Q58969089 | Plutonium-244 in the Early Solar System |
Q62569296 | Presolar dust grains from meteorites and their stellar sources |
Q49827829 | Primordial Black Holes and r-Process Nucleosynthesis |
Q80978589 | Production of proton-rich nuclei |
Q34519299 | R-process enrichment from a single event in an ancient dwarf galaxy |
Q42935620 | Radical routes to interstellar glycolaldehyde. The possibility of stereoselectivity in gas-phase polymerization reactions involving CH2O and ˙CH2OH |
Q57676012 | Recent results in nuclear astrophysics |
Q54011102 | Reflections on Early Work on ‘Big Bang’ Cosmology |
Q51773045 | S-process krypton of variable isotopic composition in the Murchison meteorite. |
Q27342870 | Search for long-lived isomeric states in neutron-deficient thorium isotopes |
Q85079138 | Self-Refraction of Supernova Neutrinos: Mixed Spectra and Three-Flavor Instabilities |
Q57442902 | Sensitivity studies for the weak r process: neutron capture rates |
Q78027093 | Shell-model calculation of 99Tc beta decay in astrophysical environments |
Q59013462 | Silver and palladium help unveil the nature of a second r-process |
Q55871572 | Solar fusion cross sections. II. Theppchain and CNO cycles |
Q74471345 | Source abundances of ultra heavy elements derived from UHCRE measurements |
Q78028430 | Spherical optical model potential for the Re/Os stellar nucleosynthesis chronometer from s-wave neutrons on 186,187,188Os |
Q50571292 | Strong Neutron-γ Competition above the Neutron Threshold in the Decay of ^{70}Co. |
Q37852651 | Studies of cyclization reactions of linear cumulenes and heterocumulenes using the neutralization-reionization procedure and/or ab initio calculations. |
Q58399144 | Sub-barrier fusion ofS36+Ni64and other medium-light systems |
Q80979037 | Supermassive objects in astrophysics |
Q59076143 | Supernova explosions in the Universe |
Q21709587 | Supernovae. Part I: the events |
Q78100426 | Surface properties of Cs isotopes |
Q80977936 | Synthesis of superheavy elements in the r-process |
Q21563903 | Synthesis of the elements in stars: forty years of progress |
Q57426973 | Systematic study of (p,γ) reactions on Ni isotopes |
Q58041350 | The CERN n_TOF facility: a unique tool for nuclear data measurement |
Q59121789 | The Calculation of Single-Nucleon Energies of Nuclei by Considering Two-Body Effective Interaction, n(k,ρ), and a Hartree-Fock Inspired Scheme |
Q56672564 | The Evolution and Explosion of Massive Stars. II. Explosive Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis |
Q57672651 | The Gaia-ESO Survey: The analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra of FGK-type stars |
Q57729953 | The Milky Way and the Local Group |
Q40409520 | The U/Th production ratio and the age of the Milky Way from meteorites and Galactic halo stars |
Q36161980 | The age of the universe from nuclear chronometers |
Q29039206 | The chemical composition of the mild barium star HD 202109 |
Q60028901 | The early universe |
Q45937869 | The elemental abundance pattern in a galaxy at z = 2.626. |
Q21563879 | The evolution and explosion of massive stars |
Q56269178 | The exotic chemical composition of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy |
Q55885750 | The formation of the heaviest elements |
Q41117182 | The future of supernova neutrino detection |
Q74471963 | The half-life of 80Zn: The first measurement for an r-process waiting-point nucleus |
Q68159164 | The influence of neutron star mergers on the galactic chemical enrichment of r-process elements |
Q60571047 | The measurement of the 206Pb(n, γ) cross section and stellar implications |
Q47682491 | The mechanism(s) of core-collapse supernovae |
Q58923222 | The metallicity of galactic winds |
Q58041448 | The nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in Stars: the key isotope25Mg |
Q56428630 | The origin and abundances of the chemical elements |
Q60660889 | The origin of the Ca–Ti–Cr–Fe–Ni isotopic anomalies in the inclusion EK-1-4-1 of the Allende meteorite |
Q55044412 | The origin of the elements. |
Q56235085 | The p-process of stellar nucleosynthesis: astrophysics and nuclear physics status |
Q64886311 | The quest for the origin of the elements. |
Q56672566 | Thermonuclear astrophysics |
Q38982183 | Thin film depth profiling by ion beam analysis |
Q49496387 | Three-Dimensional General-Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Remnant Accretion Disks from Neutron Star Mergers: Outflows and r-Process Nucleosynthesis |
Q37108930 | Tungsten isotopes in bulk meteorites and their inclusions-Implications for processing of presolar components in the solar protoplanetary disk |
Q56083158 | ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS: THE STATE OF THE ART BEFORE THE AUGER OBSERVATORY |
Q59006246 | Uranium and Thorium Abundances in Carbonaceous Chondrites |
Q80979170 | Was there really a big bang? |
Q78035622 | beta -delayed fission from 256Esm and the level scheme of 256Fm |
Q78671449 | r-Process nucleosynthesis without excess neutrons |
Q57429728 | β decay of deformed r -process nuclei near A=80 and A=160 , including odd- A and odd-odd nuclei, with the Skyrme finite-amplitude method |
Q57440891 | γ-ray bursts black hole accretion disks as a site for theνpprocess |
Arabic (ar / Q13955) | ورقة B2FH | wikipedia |
bn | বিটুএফএইচ পেপার | wikipedia |
Catalan (ca / Q7026) | Article B2FH | wikipedia |
B2FH | wikipedia | |
B2FH paper | wikipedia | |
B2FH | wikipedia | |
B2FH論文 | wikipedia | |
Artigo B²FH | wikipedia | |
Статья B²FH | wikipedia | |
B²FH | wikipedia | |
B²FH | wikipedia | |
Стаття B²FH | wikipedia | |
xmf | B²FH | wikipedia |
B2FH | wikipedia |
Search more.