Antifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections

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Antifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections is …
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scholarly articleQ13442814

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P356DOI10.1155/2012/713687
P932PMC publication ID3236459
P698PubMed publication ID22187560
P5875ResearchGate publication ID51880161

P2093author name stringPatrick Vandeputte
Alix T Coste
Selene Ferrari
P2860cites workNew insights into the pleiotropic drug resistance network from genome-wide characterization of the YRR1 transcription factor regulation system.Q24537249
Overview of medically important antifungal azole derivativesQ24617248
Ciclopirox olamine treatment affects the expression pattern of Candida albicans genes encoding virulence factors, iron metabolism proteins, and drug resistance factorsQ24670154
Escape of Candida from caspofungin inhibition at concentrations above the MIC (paradoxical effect) accomplished by increased cell wall chitin; evidence for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibition by caspofunginQ24674839
Control of the C. albicans cell wall damage response by transcriptional regulator Cas5.Q25257687
Gain of function mutations in CgPDR1 of Candida glabrata not only mediate antifungal resistance but also enhance virulenceQ27318203
Crystal structure of yeast cytosine deaminase. Insights into enzyme mechanism and evolutionQ27640699
The possible mechanism of action of ciclopirox olamine in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Q27931985
A general strategy to uncover transcription factor properties identifies a new regulator of drug resistance in yeast.Q27933644
Yeast putative transcription factors involved in salt tolerance.Q27935479
Differential expression and function of two homologous subunits of yeast 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthaseQ27936187
Substitutions at methionine 220 in the 14alpha-sterol demethylase (Cyp51A) of Aspergillus fumigatus are responsible for resistance in vitro to azole antifungal drugsQ35124469
Isolation and characterization of fluconazole- and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans from blood of two patients with leukemiaQ35131728
Pneumocandin L-743,872 enhances the activities of amphotericin B and fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitroQ35132244
Itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatusQ35136791
Molecular biological characterization of an azole-resistant Candida glabrata isolateQ35138586
New Fks hot spot for acquired echinocandin resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its contribution to intrinsic resistance of Scedosporium speciesQ35139501
Candida albicans mutations in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and resistance to several antifungal agentsQ35165864
Molecular mechanisms of itraconazole resistance in Candida dubliniensisQ35165969
A systematic review of the antifungal effectiveness and tolerability of amphotericin B formulations.Q35179541
Transcriptional regulation of MDR1, encoding a drug efflux determinant, in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains through an Mcm1p binding siteQ35216756
Discovery of a novel class of orally active antifungal beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase inhibitorsQ35363744
Clotrimazole (Bay b 5097): in vitro and clinical pharmacological studiesQ35644687
Conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil by human intestinal microfloraQ35648327
Candida albicans Cas5, a regulator of cell wall integrity, is required for virulence in murine and toll mutant fly models.Q35667405
In vitro antifungal activities of anidulafungin and micafungin, licensed agents and the investigational triazole posaconazole as determined by NCCLS methods for 12,052 fungal isolates: review of the literatureQ35904845
Candida biofilm resistanceQ35943395
Amphotericin B.Q36094404
Genotypic evolution of azole resistance mechanisms in sequential Candida albicans isolatesQ36095337
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and device-related nosocomial infections: implications, trends, and potential approaches for controlQ36114466
An update on antifungal targets and mechanisms of resistance in Candida albicansQ36235037
Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus mutants with reduced susceptibility to caspofunginQ36235197
Genome-wide expression and location analyses of the Candida albicans Tac1p regulon.Q36314156
Fungal biofilms and antimycoticsQ36352159
Bone marrow toxicity associated with 5-fluorocytosine therapyQ36459546
Evidence for conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil in humans: possible factor in 5-fluorocytosine clinical toxicityQ36476427
Multiple resistance mechanisms to azole antifungals in yeast clinical isolates.Q36563876
Antifungal agents: mode of action in yeast cellsQ36590496
Microreview of Pityriasis versicolor and Malassezia speciesQ36674014
The echinocandinsQ36742397
A gain-of-function mutation in the transcription factor Upc2p causes upregulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes and increased fluconazole resistance in a clinical Candida albicans isolate.Q36746995
Resistance to echinocandin-class antifungal drugsQ36849595
ABC transporter Cdr1p contributes more than Cdr2p does to fluconazole efflux in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans clinical isolates.Q36949532
Gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factor MRR1 are responsible for overexpression of the MDR1 efflux pump in fluconazole-resistant Candida dubliniensis strainsQ36993519
Antimicrobial resistance: resistance to antifungal agents: mechanisms and clinical impactQ37048679
Hepatic injury associated with ketoconazole therapy. Analysis of 33 casesQ42246755
Correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity of antifungal agents against Candida speciesQ42283580
Mutational Analysis of Flucytosine Resistance in Candida glabrataQ42376066
Assessing resistance to the echinocandin antifungal drug caspofungin in Candida albicans by profiling mutations in FKS1Q42408700
Candida albicans zinc cluster protein Upc2p confers resistance to antifungal drugs and is an activator of ergosterol biosynthetic genesQ42477429
The central role of PDR1 in the foundation of yeast drug resistanceQ42505338
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus form polymicrobial biofilms: effects on antimicrobial resistanceQ42545813
Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformansQ42617596
Molecular properties of amphotericin B membrane channel: a molecular dynamics simulation.Q42668109
A common drug-responsive element mediates the upregulation of the Candida albicans ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2, two genes involved in antifungal drug resistanceQ42673167
Large-scale gene disruption using the UAU1 cassetteQ42691326
Reduced azole susceptibility in genotype 3 Candida dubliniensis isolates associated with increased CdCDR1 and CdCDR2 expressionQ42708818
A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatusQ42740228
SAR studies of pyridazinone derivatives as novel glucan synthase inhibitorsQ42742955
Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differencesQ42747700
cis-Acting elements within the Candida albicans ERG11 promoter mediate the azole response through transcription factor Upc2pQ42909489
Reduced susceptibility to polyenes associated with a missense mutation in the ERG6 gene in a clinical isolate of Candida glabrata with pseudohyphal growthQ42948674
EUCAST breakpoints for antifungalsQ43108991
Effects of voriconazole and vascular lesions in invasion of aspergillosis into the central nerve systemQ43261714
Identification and expression of multidrug resistance-related ABC transporter genes in Candida kruseiQ43554693
Functional isolation of the Candida albicans FCR3 gene encoding a bZip transcription factor homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yap3pQ43740567
Interactions of the drug amphotericin B with phospholipid membranes containing or not ergosterol: new insight into the role of ergosterolQ43846832
Homozygosity at the Candida albicans MTL locus associated with azole resistanceQ43946987
Increased expression of a novel Aspergillus fumigatus ABC transporter gene, atrF, in the presence of itraconazole in an itraconazole resistant clinical isolateQ44075306
The effects of amphotericin B on pure and ergosterol- or cholesterol-containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers as viewed by 2H NMR.Q44149216
The safety of voriconazoleQ44200945
Function of Candida glabrata ABC transporter gene, PDH1.Q44296093
Antifungal agents. Part I. Amphotericin B preparations and flucytosineQ44432591
Calcineurin A of Candida albicans: involvement in antifungal tolerance, cell morphogenesis and virulenceQ44444970
Molecular characterization of ABC transporter-encoding genes in Aspergillus nidulansQ44764644
SRE1 and SRE2 are two specific steroid-responsive modules of Candida drug resistance gene 1 (CDR1) promoterQ44767376
Effect of hypoxic conditions on in vitro susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, itraconazole and micafungin against Aspergillus and CandidaQ44814572
Antifungal agents. Part II. The azolesQ45055511
Mutations in the cyp51A gene and susceptibility to itraconazole in Aspergillus fumigatus serially isolated from a patient with lung aspergillomaQ45162537
Temperature affects the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents.Q45918034
Candida bloodstream infections: comparison of species distribution and resistance to echinocandin and azole antifungal agents in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2008-2009).Q46306343
Studies of the paradoxical effect of caspofungin at high drug concentrationsQ46377599
A case of endocarditis caused by the yeast Pichia fabianii with biofilm production and developed in vitro resistance to azoles in the course of antifungal treatmentQ46495972
An isochromosome confers drug resistance in vivo by amplification of two genes, ERG11 and TAC1.Q46684704
The ATP-binding cassette transporter-encoding gene CgSNQ2 is contributing to the CgPDR1-dependent azole resistance of Candida glabrataQ46724334
Contribution of mutations in the cytochrome P450 14alpha-demethylase (Erg11p, Cyp51p) to azole resistance in Candida albicansQ47917035
Cloning, sequencing, expression and allelic sequence diversity of ERG3 (C-5 sterol desaturase gene) in Candida albicansQ47940968
Systematic genetic analysis of virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformansQ37066510
Abc1p is a multidrug efflux transporter that tips the balance in favor of innate azole resistance in Candida krusei.Q37072109
Relative contributions of the Candida albicans ABC transporters Cdr1p and Cdr2p to clinical azole resistanceQ37144914
Efflux-mediated antifungal drug resistance.Q37156645
Mechanisms of resistance to antifungal agents: yeasts and filamentous fungiQ37160485
Mutations in the multi-drug resistance regulator MRR1, followed by loss of heterozygosity, are the main cause of MDR1 overexpression in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strainsQ37183937
The Growing Problem of Mycoses in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency VirusQ37229862
Identification of the Candida albicans Cap1p regulon.Q37232388
Curcumin modulates efflux mediated by yeast ABC multidrug transporters and is synergistic with antifungalsQ37274696
Role of Ndt80p in sterol metabolism regulation and azole resistance in Candida albicans.Q37301928
Functional analysis of cis- and trans-acting elements of the Candida albicans CDR2 promoter with a novel promoter reporter system.Q37301949
Candida albicans hyphal formation and virulence assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection modelQ37410095
The use of chitosan to damage Cryptococcus neoformans biofilmsQ37438897
Azole resistance in Candida glabrata: coordinate upregulation of multidrug transporters and evidence for a Pdr1-like transcription factorQ37568906
CaNdt80 is involved in drug resistance in Candida albicans by regulating CDR1Q37625361
Natural products--antifungal agents derived from plantsQ37698380
Screening for amino acid substitutions in the Candida albicans Erg11 protein of azole-susceptible and azole-resistant clinical isolates: new substitutions and a review of the literature.Q37708398
Echinocandin pharmacodynamics: review and clinical implications.Q37718385
Mechanism of increased fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata during prophylaxisQ37734345
Epidemiology of invasive candidiasisQ37780088
Marine pharmacology in 2007-8: Marine compounds with antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the immune and nervous system, and other miscellaneoQ37786425
Toenail onychomycosis: an important global disease burdenQ37787316
Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of fluconazole in humansQ37918375
Mutation in cytochrome P-450-dependent 14 alpha-demethylase results in decreased affinity for azole antifungals.Q37919464
Genomewide location analysis of Candida albicans Upc2p, a regulator of sterol metabolism and azole drug resistanceQ38292045
Sre1p, a regulator of oxygen sensing and sterol homeostasis, is required for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformansQ38302324
Transcriptional control of the yeast PDR5 gene by the PDR3 gene productQ38306711
Pdr1 regulates multidrug resistance in Candida glabrata: gene disruption and genome-wide expression studies.Q38311999
Identification of a negative regulatory element which regulates basal transcription of a multidrug resistance gene CDR1 of Candida albicans.Q38345779
The Candida dubliniensis CdCDR1 gene is not essential for fluconazole resistanceQ38363634
Clinical use of systemic antifungal agentsQ39513650
Enhanced bioavailability of itraconazole in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution versus capsules in healthy volunteers.Q39558155
Sequencing, disruption, and characterization of the Candida albicans sterol methyltransferase (ERG6) gene: drug susceptibility studies in erg6 mutantsQ39558473
Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to a stepwise development of fluconazole resistance in clinical Candida albicans strains.Q39559578
Antifungal activity of a new triazole, voriconazole (UK-109,496), compared with three other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of filamentous fungiQ77335306
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF 5-FLUOROCYTOSINEQ78290179
The yeast zinc finger regulators Pdr1p and Pdr3p control pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) as homo- and heterodimers in vivoQ78577668
The DNA-binding domain of CaNdt80p is required to activate CDR1 involved in drug resistance in Candida albicansQ79149635
Synthesis of 5-fluoropyrimidine metabolitesQ79221204
Fcr1p inhibits development of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans by abolishing CDR1 inductionQ79486437
Large-scale gene function analysis in Candida albicansQ79839447
Up-regulation of ERG11 gene among fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans generated in vitro: is there any clinical implication?Q79899830
SOME NEW ASPECTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE TO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITYQ81008566
Echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility profiles for Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus: application of new CLSI clinical breakpoints and epidemiologic cutoff values to characterize resistance in the SENTRYQ82828933
Transcription factors CgUPC2A and CgUPC2B regulate ergosterol biosynthetic genes in Candida glabrataQ83100603
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of pyridazinones as glucan synthase inhibitorsQ83400317
Molecular mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in laboratory mutants of Candida glabrataQ84551050
A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin B alone versus in combination with an antibody-based inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive candidiasis.Q51187404
Identification of promoter elements responsible for the regulation of MDR1 from Candida albicans, a major facilitator transporter involved in azole resistance.Q53583658
Expression of the CDR1 efflux pump in clinical Candida albicans isolates is controlled by a negative regulatory element.Q53856789
Ketoconazole Blocks Adrenal Steroid SynthesisQ53911940
Analysis of the oxidative stress regulation of the Candida albicans transcription factor, Cap1p.Q54049038
CDR1, a multidrug resistance gene from Candida albicans, contains multiple regulatory domains in its promoter and the distal AP-1 element mediates its induction by miconazole.Q54072784
Flucytosine monotherapy for cryptococcosis.Q54127839
Resistant P45051A1 activity in azole antifungal tolerant Cryptococcus neoformans from AIDS patients.Q54167579
Isolation and analysis of ketoconazole resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Q54383002
Drug resistance in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.Q54394043
Failure of Ketoconazole in Cryptococcal MeningitisQ54516036
Mode of Action of 5-Fluorocytosine and Mechanisms of ResistanceQ54631149
Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a side-effect of environmental fungicide use?Q61546279
Amphotericin B-resistant yeast infection in severely immunocompromised patientsQ68136440
Toxicity of clotrimazoleQ68915228
Evidence for a Common Transport System for Cytosine, Adenine and Hypoxanthine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicansQ69237167
Fluconazole penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: implications for treating fungal infections of the central nervous systemQ69814579
Treatment of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis with ketoconazole. Results of a prospective randomized clinical trial. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study GroupQ69872789
Correlation of in Vitro Susceptibility Test Results with in Vivo Response: Flucytosine Therapy in a Systemic Candidiasis ModelQ70257684
Identification of minor metabolites of 5-fluorocytosine in man by chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometryQ70788217
Treatment of Candida sepsis and Cryptococcus meningitis with 5-fluorocytosine. A new antifungal agentQ72145097
Resistance to fluconazole and cross-resistance to amphotericin B in Candida albicans from AIDS patients caused by defective sterol delta5,6-desaturationQ72989562
Multiple Yap1p-binding sites mediate induction of the yeast major facilitator FLR1 gene in response to drugs, oxidants, and alkylating agentsQ27937890
War1p, a novel transcription factor controlling weak acid stress response in yeast.Q27937997
Flucytosine: a review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactionsQ28143025
Echinocandins: a new class of antifungalQ28201851
Antifungal resistance in pathogenic fungiQ28208165
Preventing parasites in catsQ28282772
Antimycotic imidazoles. Part 4. Synthesis and antifungal activity of ketoconazole, a new potent orally active broad-spectrum antifungal agentQ28328110
Potent synergism of the combination of fluconazole and cyclosporine in Candida albicansQ28344597
Upregulation of ERG genes in Candida species by azoles and other sterol biosynthesis inhibitorsQ28344744
Rapamycin and less immunosuppressive analogs are toxic to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans via FKBP12-dependent inhibition of TORQ28361576
MDR1-mediated drug resistance in Candida dubliniensisQ28364120
Mechanisms of action of 5-fluorocytosineQ28366384
Comparison of In vitro activities of the new triazole SCH56592 and the echinocandins MK-0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeastsQ28368930
In vitro activity of the echinocandin antifungal agent LY303,366 in comparison with itraconazole and amphotericin B against Aspergillus spp.Q28369044
Essential gene identification and drug target prioritization in Aspergillus fumigatusQ28469156
Genome-wide fitness test and mechanism-of-action studies of inhibitory compounds in Candida albicansQ28469241
The transcription factor Mrr1p controls expression of the MDR1 efflux pump and mediates multidrug resistance in Candida albicansQ28469346
Reverse genetics in Candida albicans predicts ARF cycling is essential for drug resistance and virulenceQ28472787
Gene annotation and drug target discovery in Candida albicans with a tagged transposon mutant collectionQ28475711
Forward genetics in Candida albicans that reveals the Arp2/3 complex is required for hyphal formation, but not endocytosis.Q30583463
The effect of the echinocandin analogue caspofungin on cell wall glucan synthesis by Cryptococcus neoformansQ31536985
Regulation of cell-surface genes and biofilm formation by the C. albicans transcription factor Bcr1pQ33217380
Biofilm formation by the emerging fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii: development, architecture, and antifungal resistanceQ33258644
Divergent functions of three Candida albicans zinc-cluster transcription factors (CTA4, ASG1 and CTF1) complementing pleiotropic drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeQ33331281
Evolving role of flucytosine in immunocompromised patients: new insights into safety, pharmacokinetics, and antifungal therapyQ33357288
Aspergillus fumigatus forms biofilms with reduced antifungal drug susceptibility on bronchial epithelial cellsQ33361111
Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitisQ33449819
A phenotypic profile of the Candida albicans regulatory networkQ33521302
An A643T mutation in the transcription factor Upc2p causes constitutive ERG11 upregulation and increased fluconazole resistance in Candida albicansQ33559158
TAC1, transcriptional activator of CDR genes, is a new transcription factor involved in the regulation of Candida albicans ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2.Q33559776
Natural products as antifungal agents against clinically relevant pathogensQ33582329
Fluconazole plus cyclosporine: a fungicidal combination effective against experimental endocarditis due to Candida albicansQ33593689
Systematic screens of a Candida albicans homozygous deletion library decouple morphogenetic switching and pathogenicityQ33602928
Lipopeptide inhibitors of fungal glucan synthaseQ34425782
MucormycosesQ34443147
Antifungal susceptibility testing. New technology and clinical applicationsQ34486480
Candida glabrata PDR1, a transcriptional regulator of a pleiotropic drug resistance network, mediates azole resistance in clinical isolates and petite mutantsQ34510712
Candida bloodstream infections: comparison of species distributions and antifungal resistance patterns in community-onset and nosocomial isolates in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2008-2009Q34529179
Fungal biofilms and drug resistanceQ34540389
Chromosome loss followed by duplication is the major mechanism of spontaneous mating-type locus homozygosis in Candida albicansQ34572390
Acquired echinocandin resistance in a Candida krusei isolate due to modification of glucan synthaseQ34576400
A mutation in Tac1p, a transcription factor regulating CDR1 and CDR2, is coupled with loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 5 to mediate antifungal resistance in Candida albicansQ34588684
Caspofungin: an echinocandin antifungal agentQ34599632
The influence of gastric acidity on the bio-availability of ketoconazoleQ34708079
Disposition of ketoconazole, an oral antifungal, in humansQ34708257
Calcineurin controls growth, morphology, and pathogenicity in Aspergillus fumigatusQ34718619
Role of calcineurin in stress resistance, morphogenesis, and virulence of a Candida albicans wild-type strainQ34721001
Mutations in Aspergillus fumigatus resulting in reduced susceptibility to posaconazole appear to be restricted to a single amino acid in the cytochrome P450 14alpha-demethylaseQ34823914
Regulation of efflux pump expression and drug resistance by the transcription factors Mrr1, Upc2, and Cap1 in Candida albicansQ34932227
Differential requirement of the transcription factor Mcm1 for activation of the Candida albicans multidrug efflux pump MDR1 by its regulators Mrr1 and Cap1.Q34932972
Multiple resistance mechanisms among Aspergillus fumigatus mutants with high-level resistance to itraconazole.Q34940421
Clinical relevance of mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance in yeastsQ34993877
Polyene macrolide antibiotics and their applications in human therapyQ35060978
Analysis of a Candida albicans gene that encodes a novel mechanism for resistance to benomyl and methotrexateQ33630438
Isolation of a putative Candida albicans transcriptional regulator involved in pleiotropic drug resistance by functional complementation of a pdr1 pdr3 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeQ33634941
Rapamycin antifungal action is mediated via conserved complexes with FKBP12 and TOR kinase homologs in Cryptococcus neoformansQ33651856
Amino acid substitutions in the cytochrome P-450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1) from azole-resistant Candida albicans clinical isolates contribute to resistance to azole antifungal agentsQ33689421
Identification and expression of multidrug transporters responsible for fluconazole resistance in Candida dubliniensisQ33694469
Rapid, transient fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans is associated with increased mRNA levels of CDR.Q33699122
Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance.Q33721804
Antifungal agents: mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistanceQ33749111
Candida albicans gene encoding resistance to benomyl and methotrexate is a multidrug resistance geneQ33752151
Genetic dissection of azole resistance mechanisms in Candida albicans and their validation in a mouse model of disseminated infectionQ33768787
Clinical breakpoints for the echinocandins and Candida revisited: integration of molecular, clinical, and microbiological data to arrive at species-specific interpretive criteria.Q33830384
Contribution of CgPDR1-regulated genes in enhanced virulence of azole-resistant Candida glabrataQ33847058
Strains and strategies for large-scale gene deletion studies of the diploid human fungal pathogen Candida albicansQ33859372
Cryptococcus neoformans resistance to echinocandins: (1,3)beta-glucan synthase activity is sensitive to echinocandinsQ33883762
New drugs and novel targets for treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients with cancerQ33905634
Voriconazole: a new triazole antifungalQ33917339
Specific substitutions in the echinocandin target Fks1p account for reduced susceptibility of rare laboratory and clinical Candida sp. isolatesQ33938068
Amphotericin biosynthesis in Streptomyces nodosus: deductions from analysis of polyketide synthase and late genesQ33953578
In vitro susceptibilities of Candida dubliniensis isolates tested against the new triazole and echinocandin antifungal agentsQ33959506
The ATP binding cassette transporter gene CgCDR1 from Candida glabrata is involved in the resistance of clinical isolates to azole antifungal agents.Q33978099
Immunosuppressive and nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine analogs are toxic to the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans via cyclophilin-dependent inhibition of calcineurinQ33978506
Pharmacokinetics and safety of a 7-day administration of intravenous itraconazole followed by a 14-day administration of itraconazole oral solution in patients with hematologic malignancyQ33981794
Role of ATP-binding-cassette transporter genes in high-frequency acquisition of resistance to azole antifungals in Candida glabrata.Q33981896
Prevalence of molecular mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans strains displaying high-level fluconazole resistance isolated from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patientsQ33983022
The bZip transcription factor Cap1p is involved in multidrug resistance and oxidative stress response in Candida albicansQ33991085
Antifungal drug discovery through the study of invertebrate model hostsQ34002069
In vivo systematic analysis of Candida albicans Zn2-Cys6 transcription factors mutants for mice organ colonizationQ34071444
Molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in Candida dubliniensis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasisQ34108536
Amphotericin B: spectrum and resistanceQ34110285
Large-scale essential gene identification in Candida albicans and applications to antifungal drug discoveryQ34264835
Identification and Characterization of Four Azole-Resistant erg3 Mutants of Candida albicansQ34290134
History of the development of azole derivativesQ34293222
Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of the C6 zinc cluster family of transcriptional regulators.Q34411110
Mechanisms of azole resistance in a clinical isolate of Candida tropicalisQ39610249
Quantitative analysis of the relative transcript levels of ABC transporter Atr genes in Aspergillus nidulans by real-time reverse transcription-PCR assayQ39639247
A point mutation in the 14alpha-sterol demethylase gene cyp51A contributes to itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatusQ39731994
Calcineurin is essential for Candida albicans survival in serum and virulenceQ39774463
In vitro studies with R 51,211 (itraconazole)Q39848866
Positive autoregulation of the yeast transcription factor Pdr3p, which is involved in control of drug resistanceQ40016777
Do Aspergillus species produce biofilm?Q40129725
Clinical pharmacokinetics of systemic antifungal drugsQ40134408
Strategies in the treatment of systemic fungal infectionsQ40280261
Miconazole: a preliminary review of its therapeutic efficacy in systemic fungal infectionsQ40282229
Molecular mechanisms of primary resistance to flucytosine in Candida albicansQ40289630
Mechanism of action of antifungal drugs, with special reference to the imidazole derivatives.Q40295704
The fungal cell wall as a drug targetQ40540808
Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in fungiQ40589073
Role of Candida albicans transcription factor Upc2p in drug resistance and sterol metabolismQ40737822
Compounds active against cell walls of medically important fungiQ40889532
In Vitro Studies of 5-Fluorocytosine Resistance in Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrataQ41028056
Possible environmental origin of resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to medical triazolesQ41370116
Multiple cis-acting sequences mediate upregulation of the MDR1 efflux pump in a fluconazole-resistant clinical Candida albicans isolateQ41473540
A Comparison of Amphotericin B Alone and Combined with Flucytosine in the Treatment of Cryptoccal MeningitisQ41644134
Systemic antifungal agents. Drug interactions of clinical significanceQ41725883
A nonsense mutation in the ERG6 gene leads to reduced susceptibility to polyenes in a clinical isolate of Candida glabrataQ41774705
Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpointsQ41787736
In vitro susceptibility of invasive isolates of Candida spp. to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin: six years of global surveillance.Q41810114
Disruption of ergosterol biosynthesis confers resistance to amphotericin B in Candida lusitaniaeQ41816687
Environmental study of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergilli in Austria, Denmark, and SpainQ41846354
Candida albicans and Candida glabrata clinical isolates exhibiting reduced echinocandin susceptibilityQ41957394
A new Aspergillus fumigatus resistance mechanism conferring in vitro cross-resistance to azole antifungals involves a combination of cyp51A alterations.Q42048818
Effect of thiolated polymers to textural and mucoadhesive properties of vaginal gel formulations prepared with polycarbophil and chitosanQ42109106
Aneuploidy and isochromosome formation in drug-resistant Candida albicansQ42113364
Increases in SLT2 expression and chitin content are associated with incomplete killing of Candida glabrata by caspofunginQ42119802
Geographic Variations in Species Distribution and Echinocandin and Azole Antifungal Resistance Rates among Candida Bloodstream Infection Isolates: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2008 to 2009)Q42169461
P275copyright licenseCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 UnportedQ14947546
P6216copyright statuscopyrightedQ50423863
P304page(s)713687
P577publication date2011-12-01
P1433published inInternational Journal of MicrobiologyQ26841927
P1476titleAntifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections
P478volume2012

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cites work (P2860)
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Q48095380Alkylated Piperazines and Piperazine-Azole Hybrids as Antifungal Agents
Q64240636Amides Derived from Vanillic Acid: Coupling Reactions, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and Molecular Docking
Q35448907An assessment of growth media enrichment on lipid metabolome and the concurrent phenotypic properties of Candida albicans
Q40796297An overview about the medical use of antifungals in Portugal in the last years
Q39228094Anti-Rhodotorula activity of mycophenolic acid enhanced in the presence of polyene antibiotic nystatin
Q46270242Antibacterial and antifungal activity activity of pyroligneous acid from wood of Eucalyptus urograndis and Mimosa tenuiflora
Q58776220Antifungal Resistance in Dermatology
Q61808721Antifungal Susceptibility of Dermatophytes Isolated From Cutaneous Fungal Infections: The Vietnamese Experience
Q39273596Antifungal activity of dual combination of hydroxychavicol with commercialized agents against oral Candida species
Q37381931Antifungal agents commonly used in the superficial and mucosal candidiasis treatment: mode of action and resistance development
Q64286131Antifungal drug susceptibility testing of dermatophytes: Laboratory findings to clinical implications
Q92603783Antifungal effects of indolicidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles against fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida albicans isolated from patients with burn infection
Q50122600Antifungals discovery: an insight into new strategies to combat antifungal resistance
Q38684281Antifungals: Mechanism of Action and Drug Resistance
Q90015860Antimicrobial activities of Tephrosia vogelii against selected pathogenic fungi and bacteria strains
Q35933700Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of Candida albicans: In vitro and in vivo studies
Q40459122Application of a low molecular weight antifungal protein from Penicillium chrysogenum (PAF) to treat pulmonary aspergillosis in mice.
Q35607733Azole drug import into the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.
Q26863344Candida infections, causes, targets, and resistance mechanisms: traditional and alternative antifungal agents
Q26770698Clinical Appearance of Oral Candida Infection and Therapeutic Strategies
Q38314467Clinical pharmacology of antifungal agents to overcome drug resistance in pediatric patients
Q35881281Clinical significance of the isolation of Candida species from hospitalized patients
Q28552912Comparison of Chemical Sensitivity of Fresh and Long-Stored Heat Resistant Neosartorya fischeri Environmental Isolates Using BIOLOG Phenotype MicroArray System
Q40090449Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of two different amphotericin B formulations in healthy dogs.
Q30558805Computational approaches for discovery of common immunomodulators in fungal infections: towards broad-spectrum immunotherapeutic interventions
Q41382937Control of human and plant fungal pathogens using pentaene macrolide 32, 33-didehydroroflamycoin
Q37359653Deletion of the HAMP domains from the histidine kinase CaNik1p of Candida albicans or treatment with fungicides activates the MAP kinase Hog1p in S. cerevisiae transformants
Q46393306Distribution and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolates from intensive care unit patients
Q33692141Diversity, in-vitro virulence traits and antifungal susceptibility pattern of gastrointestinal yeast flora of healthy poultry, Gallus gallus domesticus
Q30248243Drug resistance in eukaryotic microorganisms
Q36155799Ebselen exerts antifungal activity by regulating glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fungal cells
Q26748172Ecology of aspergillosis: insights into the pathogenic potency of Aspergillus fumigatus and some other Aspergillus species
Q58575295Effect of seasonality on chemical profile and antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from leaves (Kunth) O. Berg
Q39048482Emerging biopharmaceuticals from bioactive peptides derived from marine organisms
Q41355547Endophytic fungal compounds active against Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii
Q37428629Endosomal Trafficking Defects Can Induce Calcium-Dependent Azole Tolerance in Candida albicans
Q37417354Epidemiology and changes in patient-related factors from 1997 to 2009 in clinical yeast isolates related to dermatology, gynaecology, and paediatrics
Q47646968Fluconazole Resistance among Oral Candida Isolates from People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Q27687259From Erythromycin to Azithromycin and New Potential Ribosome-Binding Antimicrobials
Q36308715Functional characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the cereal head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum.
Q38192062Fungus-associated asthma: overcoming challenges in diagnosis and treatment.
Q94525600Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Oxide Nanomaterial Derived from Momordica charantia
Q47412545Heterologous expression of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transporter (Ndt1) from Aspergillus fumigatus rescues impaired growth in Δndt1Δndt2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
Q39404146Heteroresistance and fungi.
Q34729487High-throughput screening of a collection of known pharmacologically active small compounds for identification of Candida albicans biofilm inhibitors
Q53779321Hot topics in antifungal susceptibility testing: A new drug, a bad bug, sweeping caspofungin testing under the rug, and solving the ECV shrug.
Q37247203Identification of Candida species and susceptibility testing with Sensititre YeastOne microdilution panel to 9 antifungal agents
Q92606226Identification of novel antifungal agents: antimicrobial evaluation, SAR, ADME-Tox and molecular docking studies of a series of imidazole derivatives
Q52756196In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Hexahydropyrimidine Derivatives against the Causative Agents of Dermatomycosis.
Q38989873In vitro studies of the activity of dithiocarbamate organoruthenium complexes against clinically relevant fungal pathogens.
Q64242716Investigating Antifungal Susceptibility in Species With MALDI-TOF MS-Based Assays
Q38932794Is the emergence of fungal resistance to medical triazoles related to their use in the agroecosystems? A mini review
Q35842813Isolation and characterization of an antifungal compound 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone from Combretum zeyheri.
Q89864916Lactoferrin is broadly active against yeasts and highly synergistic with amphotericin B
Q38836667MFS transporters of Candida species and their role in clinical drug resistance.
Q34942381ML212: A small-molecule probe for investigating fluconazole resistance mechanisms in Candida albicans
Q89494813Machine Learning Approach for Candida albicans Fluconazole Resistance Detection Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Q89633203Methylcellulose Hydrogel with Melissa officinalis Essential Oil as a Potential Treatment for Oral Candidiasis
Q38206867Mitigation of human-pathogenic fungi that exhibit resistance to medical agents: can clinical antifungal stewardship help?
Q49679775Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Clinical Dermatophytes Following CLSI and EUCAST Guidelines
Q57900034Mycoses and Antifungals: reviewing the basis of a current problem that still is a biotechnological target for marine products
Q48163141Natural Antimicrobial Peptides as Inspiration for Design of a New Generation Antifungal Compounds.
Q41677089Neutron diffraction studies of the interaction between amphotericin B and lipid-sterol model membranes
Q46244030New Application of Neomycin B-Bisbenzimidazole Hybrids as Antifungal Agents.
Q34980533New insights concerning the occurrence of fungi in water sources and their potential pathogenicity.
Q38743672Newer patents in antimycotic therapy
Q57818139Novel Combinations of Agents Targeting Translation That Synergistically Inhibit Fungal Pathogens
Q33636471Novel carboline derivatives as potent antifungal lead compounds: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Q55371002Oropharyngeal Candidosis in HIV-Infected Patients-An Update.
Q91739554Ospemifene displays broad-spectrum synergistic interactions with itraconazole through potent interference with fungal efflux activities
Q36324972Photodynamic inactivation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis helps the outcome of oral paracoccidiodomycosis
Q26743448Potential Roles of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles during Infection
Q39315981Potential of novel drug delivery systems in the management of topical candidiasis
Q40602135Prevalence and Fluconazole Susceptibility Profile of Candida spp. Clinical Isolates in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Q44498812Rational Design of Glycomimetic Compounds Targeting the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Transglycosylase Gas2.
Q36266986Repurposing Approach Identifies Auranofin with Broad Spectrum Antifungal Activity That Targets Mia40-Erv1 Pathway
Q35657134Repurposing FDA approved drugs against the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans
Q34276700Resistance to antifungals that target CYP51.
Q92071802Review on Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms in the Emerging Pathogen Candida auris
Q64231096Screening and Antifungal Activity of a -Carboline Derivative against and
Q35108316Silenced suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) enhances the maturation and antifungal immunity of dendritic cells in response to Candida albicans in vitro
Q38794452Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism
Q38833311Sphingolipids as targets for treatment of fungal infections
Q59808687Synergistic Effect of Quinic Acid Derived From and Undecanoic Acid Against spp. Biofilm and Virulence
Q61450746Synthesis and Spectroscopic Identification of Certain Imidazole-Semicarbazone Conjugates Bearing Benzodioxole Moieties: New Antifungal Agents
Q47748935Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized from Streptomyces xinghaiensis OF1 strain
Q38796140Systemic Antifungal Agents: Current Status and Projected Future Developments.
Q40737202Targeted Disruption of Melanin Biosynthesis Genes in the Human Pathogenic Fungus Lomentospora prolificans and Its Consequences for Pathogen Survival
Q38917135Targeting CYP51 for drug design by the contributions of molecular modeling.
Q91726605The Evolution of Azole Resistance in Candida albicans Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51) through Incremental Amino Acid Substitutions
Q37562147The Mechanistic Targets of Antifungal Agents: An Overview
Q38009721The effect of biomaterials and antifungals on biofilm formation by Candida species: a review
Q38835045The fungal resistome: a risk and an opportunity for the development of novel antifungal therapies
Q47934743Theoretical Reactivity Study of Indol-4-Ones and Their Correlation with Antifungal Activity
Q58762553Therapy and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of
Q35168990Trafficking through the late endosome significantly impacts Candida albicans tolerance of the azole antifungals
Q90400975Two New 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles With Effective Antifungal Activity Against Candida albicans
Q28543581Ultrastructural analysis of Candida albicans when exposed to silver nanoparticles
Q28481716Yeasts acquire resistance secondary to antifungal drug treatment by adaptive mutagenesis

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