Preferential codon usage in prokaryotic genes: the optimal codon-anticodon interaction energy and the selective codon usage in efficiently expressed genes

scientific article published on June 1982

Preferential codon usage in prokaryotic genes: the optimal codon-anticodon interaction energy and the selective codon usage in efficiently expressed genes is …
instance of (P31):
review articleQ7318358
scholarly articleQ13442814

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P356DOI10.1016/0378-1119(82)90157-3
P698PubMed publication ID6751939

P2093author name stringFiers W
Grosjean H
P2860cites workDeterminant of cistron specificity in bacterial ribosomesQ22122424
Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Coding for the Bacteriophage MS2 Coat ProteinQ22122429
Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage MS2 RNA: primary and secondary structure of the replicase geneQ22061881
Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage φX174 DNAQ22122422
P433issue3
P407language of work or nameEnglishQ1860
P304page(s)199-209
P577publication date1982-06-01
P1433published inGeneQ5531065
P1476titlePreferential codon usage in prokaryotic genes: the optimal codon-anticodon interaction energy and the selective codon usage in efficiently expressed genes
P478volume18

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cites work (P2860)
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Q39949503Localization of the ribosome-releasing factor gene in the Escherichia coli chromosome
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Q35560575Mapping codon usage of the translation initiation region in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus genome
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Q29396491Metal-dependent folding of a single zinc finger from transcription factor IIIA.
Q70355170Mistranslation of the mRNA encoding bacteriophage T7 0.3 protein
Q38329551Mobilization protein-DNA binding and divergent transcription at the transfer origin of the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans pTF1 plasmid
Q33730013Modal codon usage: assessing the typical codon usage of a genome
Q34331153Modelling the efficiency of codon-tRNA interactions based on codon usage bias
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Q28278501Molecular analysis of linear plasmid-encoded major surface proteins, OspA and OspB, of the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi
Q40492885Molecular basis for modulated regulation of gene expression in the arginine regulon ofEscherichia coliK-12
Q35979933Molecular cloning and characterization of outer membrane protein E of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis
Q42601926Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the Bacillus stearothermophilus NCA 1503 superoxide dismutase gene and its overexpression in Escherichia coli
Q40562251Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene for Escherichia coli leucyl-tRNA synthetase
Q36199592Molecular cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the fimbrial subunit protein of Bacteroides gingivalis
Q35414497Molecular cloning of Proteus mirabilis uroepithelial cell adherence (uca) genes
Q36144456Molecular cloning, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of the rfc gene, which encodes an O-antigen polymerase of Salmonella typhimurium
Q32076884Molecular cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the vaoA gene from Penicillium simplicissimum CBS 170.90 encoding vanillyl-alcohol oxidase
Q28769483Molecular evolution and nucleotide sequences of the maize plastid genes for the alpha subunit of CF1 (atpA) and the proteolipid subunit of CF0 (atpH).
Q33968789Molecular evolution between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: reduced codon bias, faster rates of amino acid substitution, and larger proteins in D. melanogaster
Q35829494Molecular evolution of the human Pgk-2 retroposon
Q37540471Multiple-alphabet amino acid sequence comparisons of the immunoglobulin kappa-chain constant domain
Q54567429Mutant human protein disulfide isomerase assists protein folding in a chaperone-like fashion.
Q36143565Mutations replacing the leucine codons or altering the length of the amino acid-coding portion of the ilvGMEDA leader region of Escherichia coli
Q33969967Natural selection and the frequency distributions of "silent" DNA polymorphism in Drosophila.
Q34485645Natural selection on synonymous sites is correlated with gene length and recombination in Drosophila.
Q44926845Natural selection versus primitive gene structure as determinant of codon usage
Q38848330New vectors for chromosomal integration enable high-level constitutive or inducible magnetosome expression of fusion proteins in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
Q40093000Non-sequence-specific interactions can account for the compaction of proteins unfolded under "native" conditions.
Q33857615Nonrandom utilization of codon pairs in Escherichia coli
Q44984080Nonuniform size distribution of nascent globin peptides, evidence for pause localization sites, and a cotranslational protein-folding model
Q69205901Nucleic acid composition, codon usage, and the rate of synonymous substitution in protein-coding genes
Q36272042Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene encoding the Deinococcus radiodurans surface protein, derived amino acid sequence, and complementary protein chemical studies
Q36134765Nucleotide sequence and biochemical characterization of the metJ gene from Salmonella typhimurium LT2
Q35046615Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase, a lipid-activated flavoprotein
Q35189142Nucleotide sequence and expression of cheF, an essential gene for chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis
Q48384828Nucleotide sequence and expression of the Escherichia coli dapB gene
Q39953320Nucleotide sequence and gene-polypeptide relationships of the glpABC operon encoding the anaerobic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli K-12.
Q36210004Nucleotide sequence and transcription start point of the phosphoglycerate transporter gene of Salmonella typhimurium
Q48335994Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional startpoint of the glpT gene of Escherichia coli: extensive sequence homology of the glycerol-3-phosphate transport protein with components of the hexose-6-phosphate transport system
Q36280681Nucleotide sequence corresponding to five chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coli
Q41823999Nucleotide sequence encoding the flavoprotein and hydrophobic subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli
Q39955867Nucleotide sequence encoding the flavoprotein and iron-sulfur protein subunits of the Bacillus subtilis PY79 succinate dehydrogenase complex
Q42848269Nucleotide sequence encoding the iron-sulphur protein subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli
Q35676800Nucleotide sequence for the catalytic domain of colicin E3 and its immunity protein. Evidence for a third gene overlapping colicin
Q38337281Nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli katE, which encodes catalase HPII.
Q40344039Nucleotide sequence of a Pseudomonas denitrificans 5.4-kilobase DNA fragment containing five cob genes and identification of structural genes encoding S-adenosyl-L-methionine: uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase and cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide syn
Q36361105Nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli chromosomal hemolysin
Q36355047Nucleotide sequence of ermA, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B determinant in Staphylococcus aureus
Q48390249Nucleotide sequence of gene pfkB encoding the minor phosphofructokinase of Escherichia coli K-12
Q40539667Nucleotide sequence of katF of Escherichia coli suggests KatF protein is a novel sigma transcription factor
Q39954426Nucleotide sequence of katG, encoding catalase HPI of Escherichia coli
Q43018635Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli gap gene. Different evolutionary behavior of the NAD+-binding domain and of the catalytic domain of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Q24671859Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli motB gene and site-limited incorporation of its product into the cytoplasmic membrane
Q36262618Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli prolipoprotein signal peptidase (lsp) gene
Q48396306Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli pyrE gene and of the DNA in front of the protein-coding region
Q39949362Nucleotide sequence of the FNR-regulated fumarase gene (fumB) of Escherichia coli K-12.
Q40544475Nucleotide sequence of the LuxC gene and the upstream DNA from the bioluminescent system of Vibrio harveyi
Q24595275Nucleotide sequence of the PaeR7 restriction/modification system and partial characterization of its protein products
Q36143660Nucleotide sequence of the alpha ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli
Q24683015Nucleotide sequence of the btuCED genes involved in vitamin B12 transport in Escherichia coli and homology with components of periplasmic-binding-protein-dependent transport systems
Q39969848Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding pilin of Bacteroides nodosus, the causal organism of ovine footrot
Q24528186Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the GMP reductase of Escherichia coli K12
Q30451945Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the vitamin B12 receptor protein in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli
Q40539880Nucleotide sequence of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Thermus aquaticus YT1
Q40568111Nucleotide sequence of the guaB locus encoding IMP dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli K12.
Q40417945Nucleotide sequence of the hemC locus encoding porphobilinogen deaminase of Escherichia coli K12.
Q36185031Nucleotide sequence of the iucD gene of the pColV-K30 aerobactin operon and topology of its product studied with phoA and lacZ gene fusions
Q70146678Nucleotide sequence of the lig gene and primary structure of DNA ligase of Escherichia coli
Q48395805Nucleotide sequence of the lipoamide dehydrogenase gene of Escherichia coli K12
Q40565643Nucleotide sequence of the melA gene, coding for alpha-galactosidase in Escherichia coli K-12
Q48358098Nucleotide sequence of the pbpA gene and characteristics of the deduced amino acid sequence of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Escherichia coli K12.
Q48361839Nucleotide sequence of the pntA and pntB genes encoding the pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase of Escherichia coli
Q42651964Nucleotide sequence of the pyrD gene of Escherichia coli and characterization of the flavoprotein dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
Q48386805Nucleotide sequence of the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase gene of Escherichia coli
Q41456375Nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for dUTPase of Escherichia coli K-12
Q48359365Nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for dihydroorotase of Escherichia coli K12.
Q48390006Nucleotide sequence of the sucA gene encoding the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli K12
Q48389997Nucleotide sequence of the sucB gene encoding the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase of Escherichia coli K12 and homology with the corresponding acetyltransferase
Q43020757Nucleotide sequence of the triose phosphate isomerase gene of Escherichia coli
Q30451916Nucleotide sequence of the uhp region of Escherichia coli
Q35915199Nucleotide sequences of genes encoding heat-stable and heat-labile glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases; amino acid sequence and protein thermostability
Q40471326Nucleotide sequences of two serine tRNAs with a GGA anticodon: the structure-function relationships in the serine family of E. coli tRNAs.
Q62900104On the site by which α-dendrotoxin binds to voltage-dependent potassium channels: Site-directed mutagenesis reveals that the lysine triplet 28-30 is not essential for binding
Q40202065Optimization of translation accuracy
Q37362381Oral vaccination with LcrV from Yersinia pestis KIM delivered by live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium elicits a protective immune response against challenge with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica
Q24528997Overexpression and site-directed mutagenesis of the succinyl-CoA synthetase of Escherichia coli and nucleotide sequence of a gene (g30) that is adjacent to the suc operon
Q47782588Overexpression and topology of the Shigella flexneri O-antigen polymerase (Rfc/Wzy).
Q36292097Overproduction and nucleotide sequence of the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli
Q40054431Overproduction from a cellulase gene with a high guanosine-plus-cytosine content in Escherichia coli
Q34573540Patterns of synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster genes with sex-biased expression
Q36106685Phenotypic suppression of DNA gyrase deficiencies by a deletion lowering the gene dosage of a major tRNA in Salmonella typhimurium
Q60929737Plasmodium apicoplast tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase recognizes an unusual, simplified identity set in cognate tRNATyr
Q34129172Population, evolutionary and genomic consequences of interference selection
Q33291257Positive selection for unpreferred codon usage in eukaryotic genomes
Q34166244Primary and quaternary structure of the catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extensive sequence homology with the anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferases of Escherichia coli
Q37345416Primary structure of the Escherichia coli thyA gene and its thymidylate synthase product
Q41431019Priming immunization against cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile toxin by a cholera toxin short peptide-beta-galactosidase hybrid synthesized in E. coli
Q36230065Promoter and nucleotide sequences of the Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase
Q41859688Puf3p induces translational repression of genes linked to oxidative stress
Q50751085Purification of Polyhistidine-Tagged Proteins.
Q36350705Purification, cloning, and sequence of outer membrane protein P1 of Haemophilus influenzae type b
Q24555808Queuosine modification of the wobble base in tRNAHis influences 'in vivo' decoding properties
Q44289067Rare codons in E. coli and S. typhimurium signal sequences
Q33960425Rates of DNA evolution in Drosophila depend on function and developmental stage of expression
Q67931697Reduction studies on bacterial recombinant somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor-1
Q70162656Regulation of expression of the gene for vitamin B12 receptor cloned on a multicopy plasmid in Escherichia coli
Q37700107Relationship between protein synthesis and concentrations of charged and uncharged tRNATrp in Escherichia coli.
Q24634343Relative codon adaptation: a generic codon bias index for prediction of gene expression
Q48385959Respiratory nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli. Sequence identification of the large subunit gene
Q35966752Roles of a ribosome-binding site and mRNA secondary structure in differential expression of Shiga toxin genes
Q45733858Selection on GGU and CGU codons in the high expression genes in bacteria
Q52887804Selection on the codon bias of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast genes and the plant psbA gene.
Q72415262Selection pressures on codon usage in the complete genome of bacteriophage T7
Q36111080Sequence analysis and complementation studies of the argJ gene encoding ornithine acetyltransferase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Q41563240Sequence and cloning of bacteriophage T4 gene 63 encoding RNA ligase and tail fibre attachment activities
Q37609007Sequence and expression of the Escherichia coli recR locus
Q36263847Sequence determination and comparison of the exfoliative toxin A and toxin B genes from Staphylococcus aureus
Q36250193Sequence of the exfoliative toxin B gene of Staphylococcus aureus
Q37580219Sequence of the initiation factor IF2 gene: unusual protein features and homologies with elongation factors.
Q41449258Sequence of the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli
Q48343668Sequence of the mglB gene from Escherichia coli K12: comparison of wild-type and mutant galactose chemoreceptors
Q42644794Sequence of the nagBACD operon in Escherichia coli K12 and pattern of transcription within the nag regulon
Q48047711Sequencing and analysis of the Thermus thermophilus ribosomal protein gene cluster equivalent to the spectinomycin operon
Q24529506Sequencing and overexpression of the Escherichia coli aroE gene encoding shikimate dehydrogenase
Q33268479Site-directed mutagenesis and DNA sequence of pckA of Rhizobium NGR234, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase: gluconeogenesis and host-dependent symbiotic phenotype
Q43589195Site-specific charge interactions of alpha-conotoxin MI with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Q89250898Soluble Production of Human Recombinant VEGF-A121 by Using SUMO Fusion Technology in Escherichia coli
Q47781281Specific correlations between relative synonymous codon usage and protein secondary structure
Q36143535Specificity of attenuation control in the ilvGMEDA operon of Escherichia coli K-12.
Q51689976Strand-specific mutational bias influences codon usage of weakly expressed genes in Escherichia coli.
Q41852075Structural and functional relationships between fumarase and aspartase. Nucleotide sequences of the fumarase (fumC) and aspartase (aspA) genes of Escherichia coli K12.
Q37513996Structural and transcriptional evidence for related thrS and infC expression
Q40471132Structural features of the hisT operon of Escherichia coli K-12.
Q42623629Structural genes of glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase for porphyrin synthesis in a cyanobacterium and Escherichia coli
Q34630483Structure and expression of the genes, mcrBDCGA, which encode the subunits of component C of methyl coenzyme M reductase in Methanococcus vannielii
Q39951468Structure and transcription analysis of the gene encoding a cellobiase from Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 21400.
Q41577429Structure of the Escherichia coli pyrE operon and control of pyrE expression by a UTP modulated intercistronic attentuation
Q33880002Structure of the IgG-binding regions of streptococcal protein G.
Q36137936Structure of the galactokinase gene of Escherichia coli, the last (?) gene of the gal operon
Q41394047Structure of wild-type and mutant repressors and of the control region of the rbt operon of Klebsiella aerogenes
Q33881187Studies of codon usage and tRNA genes of 18 unicellular organisms and quantification of Bacillus subtilis tRNAs: gene expression level and species-specific diversity of codon usage based on multivariate analysis
Q42094083Subregions of a conserved part of the HIV gp41 transmembrane protein are differentially recognized by antibodies of infected individuals
Q34611624Substitution rates in Drosophila nuclear genes: implications for translational selection
Q54595452Substitutions of proline 42 to alanine and methionine 46 to asparagine around the RGD domain of the neurotoxin dendroaspin alter its preferential antagonism to that resembling the disintegrin elegantin.
Q42275968Switches in Genomic GC Content Drive Shifts of Optimal Codons under Sustained Selection on Synonymous Sites
Q37825872Switches in species-specific codon preferences: the influence of mutation biases
Q39178155Synonymous Codons: Choose Wisely for Expression
Q81771237Synonymous codon usage bias dependent on local nucleotide context in the class Deinococci
Q34049041Synonymous codon usage in Bacillus subtilis reflects both translational selection and mutational biases
Q44753997Synonymous codon usage in adenoviruses: influence of mutation, selection and protein hydropathy
Q38333528Synthesis of a gene for rat liver fatty-acid-binding protein and its expression in Escherichia coli
Q30418054Synthetic biology challenges long-held hypotheses in translation, codon bias and transcription
Q24596216T4-induced alpha- and beta-glucosyltransferase: cloning of the genes and a comparison of their products based on sequencing data
Q34182788Tetanus toxin: primary structure, expression in E. coli, and homology with botulinum toxins
Q40545117The AGG codon is translated slowly in E. coli even at very low expression levels
Q34587843The Borrelia burgdorferi flagellum-associated 41-kilodalton antigen (flagellin): molecular cloning, expression, and amplification of the gene
Q35694259The DNA sequence ofargIfromEscherichia coliK12
Q48398168The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex of Escherichia coli K12. Nucleotide Sequence Encoding the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Component
Q40111464The UNC operon nucleotide sequence, regulation and structure of ATP-synthase
Q48183586The aconitase of Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence of the aconitase gene and amino acid sequence similarity with mitochondrial aconitases, the iron-responsive-element-binding protein and isopropylmalate isomerases
Q41856501The base sequence of the nifF gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae and homology of the predicted amino acid sequence of its protein product to other flavodoxins
Q52891029The close proximity of Escherichia coli genes: consequences for stop codon and synonymous codon use.
Q40466760The codon preference plot: graphic analysis of protein coding sequences and prediction of gene expression.
Q48365403The complete amino acid sequence of 3-dehydroquinate synthase of Escherichia coli K12.
Q48394485The control region of the F plasmid transfer operon: DNA sequence of the traJ and traY genes and characterisation of the traY → Z promoter
Q34605445The correlation between synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in Drosophila: mutation, selection or relaxed constraints?
Q40516556The effect of context on synonymous codon usage in genes with low codon usage bias
Q52680305The effect of local nucleotides on synonymous codon usage in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) genome.
Q40561246The gene for Spirodela oligorhiza chloroplast ribosomal protein homologous to E. coli ribosomal protein L16 is split by a large intron near its 5' end: structure and expression
Q48173052The glutamate dehydrogenase gene of Clostridium symbiosum. Cloning by polymerase chain reaction, sequence analysis and over-expression in Escherichia coli
Q40998399The importance of being modified: roles of modified nucleosides and Mg2+ in RNA structure and function.
Q40462006The influence of mRNA primary and secondary structure on human IFN-γ gene expression inE. coli
Q38353779The influence of messenger RNA secondary structure on expression of an immunoglobulin heavy chain inEscherichia coli
Q48207112The lux genes of the luminous bacterial symbiont, Photobacterium leiognathi, of the ponyfish. Nucleotide sequence, difference in gene organization, and high expression in mutant Escherichia coli.
Q46761484The missense errors in protein can be controlled by selective synonymous codon usage at the level of transcription
Q30838144The molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of an antigenic determinant from Porphyromonas gingivalis
Q35561942The nucleotide sequence of a nematode vitellogenin gene
Q33933556The nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli operon containing genes for the tRNA(m1G)methyltransferase, the ribosomal proteins S16 and L19 and a 21-K polypeptide.
Q42659433The nucleotide sequence of the sigma factor gene ntrA (rpoN) of Azotobacter vinelandii: analysis of conserved sequences in NtrA proteins
Q34255892The organization and complete nucleotide sequence of the PstI restriction-modification system
Q42854479The overexpression and complete amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli 3-dehydroquinase
Q42858021The overexpression, purification and complete amino acid sequence of chorismate synthase from Escherichia coli K12 and its comparison with the enzyme from Neurospora crassa
Q52913474The positive relationship between codon usage bias and translation initiation AUG context in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Q41577513The pro- and mature forms of the E. coli K-12 outer membrane phospholipase A are identical
Q48397719The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli K12. Nucleotide sequence encoding the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component
Q40419869The region of phage T4 genes 34, 33 and 59: primary structures and organization on the genome
Q42655035The repressor gene (c) of the Streptomyces temperate phage phi c31: nucleotide sequence, analysis and functional cloning
Q30176927The role of a beta barrel loop 4 extension in modulating the physical and functional properties of long-chain 2-hydroxy-acid oxidase isozymes
Q40567711The secondary structure of mRNAs from Escherichia coli: its possible role in increasing the accuracy of translation
Q41932309The serC-aro A operon of Escherichia coli. A mixed function operon encoding enzymes from two different amino acid biosynthetic pathways
Q35674954The spc ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli: sequence and cotranscription of the ribosomal protein genes and a protein export gene
Q39836988The superinfection exclusion gene (sieA) of bacteriophage P22: identification and overexpression of the gene and localization of the gene product
Q47645695Theoretical molecular biology: prospectives and perspectives
Q48258485Transcription and regulation of expression of the Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase gene
Q53107491Transfer RNA gene numbers may not be completely responsible for the codon usage bias in asparagine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in the high expression genes in bacteria.
Q33634787Translation initiation controls the relative rates of expression of the bacteriophage lambda late genes
Q54768135Translation rate modification by preferential codon usage: intragenic position effects.
Q41382798Translational initiation frequency of atp genes from Escherichia coli: identification of an intercistronic sequence that enhances translation
Q57278380Translational selection and molecular evolution
Q34618276Translational selection and yeast proteome evolution
Q24629873Two regions in human DNA polymerase beta mRNA suppress translation in Escherichia coli
Q43741703Two types of linkage between codon usage and gene-expression levels
Q54567942Unusual effect of clusters of rare arginine (AGG) codons on the expression of human interferon alpha 1 gene in Escherichia coli.
Q35219146Use of synthetic ribosome binding site for overproduction of the 5B protein of insertion sequence IS5.
Q34275084VEGF pathway genetic variants as biomarkers of treatment outcome with bevacizumab: an analysis of data from the AViTA and AVOREN randomised trials
Q40452375Variation in G + C-content and codon choice: differences among synonymous codon groups in vertebrate genes
Q24616165What can information-asymmetric games tell us about the context of Crick's 'frozen accident'?
Q42664343Yeast regulatory gene PPR1. I. Nucleotide sequence, restriction map and codon usage
Q41410252Yeast ribosomal protein L25 binds to an evolutionary conserved site on yeast 26S and E. coli 23S rRNA.
Q39218671tRNA Modifications: Impact on Structure and Thermal Adaptation.
Q37614809tRNA gene copy number variation in humans.
Q36060815tRNAomics: tRNA gene copy number variation and codon use provide bioinformatic evidence of a new anticodon:codon wobble pair in a eukaryote

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