| review article | Q7318358 |
| scholarly article | Q13442814 |
| P356 | DOI | 10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00011 |
| P698 | PubMed publication ID | 8815760 |
| P2093 | author name string | DeMets DL | |
| Fleming TR | |||
| P433 | issue | 7 | |
| P407 | language of work or name | English | Q1860 |
| P304 | page(s) | 605-613 | |
| P577 | publication date | 1996-10-01 | |
| P1433 | published in | Annals of Internal Medicine | Q564416 |
| P1476 | title | Surrogate end points in clinical trials: are we being misled? | |
| P478 | volume | 125 |
| Q36743639 | A Protease Inhibitor with Induction Therapy with Natural Interferon-β in Patients with HCV Genotype 1b Infection |
| Q64786942 | A Review of Biomarkers Use in Parkinson with Deep Brain Stimulation: A Successful Past Promising a Bright Future |
| Q50125894 | A Review of Interleukin-1 in Heart Disease: Where Do We Stand Today? |
| Q36345024 | A Review of Pharmacovigilance. |
| Q33917331 | A Shrinkage Approach for Estimating a Treatment Effect Using Intermediate Biomarker Data in Clinical Trials |
| Q34495746 | A comparison of clinical outcome studies among cholesterol-lowering agents |
| Q43825226 | A method to assess the proportion of treatment effect explained by a surrogate endpoint |
| Q42231576 | A new predictive equation for evaluating women body fat percentage and obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk |
| Q35681400 | A pathway and approach to biomarker validation and qualification for osteoarthritis clinical trials |
| Q24803339 | A perfect correlate does not a surrogate make |
| Q37869461 | A roadmap for successful applications of clinical proteomics |
| Q37967642 | A statistician's perspective on biomarkers in drug development. |
| Q99350276 | A systematic review of meta-analyses assessing the validity of tumour response endpoints as surrogates for progression-free or overall survival in cancer |
| Q28472665 | A systematic review of studies that aim to determine which outcomes to measure in clinical trials in children |
| Q42434332 | A trivariate continual reassessment method for phase I/II trials of toxicity, efficacy, and surrogate efficacy |
| Q37553617 | A unified framework for the evaluation of surrogate endpoints in mental-health clinical trials |
| Q36740970 | A unified procedure for meta-analytic evaluation of surrogate end points in randomized clinical trials |
| Q46748877 | A unifying approach for surrogate marker validation based on Prentice's criteria |
| Q84791986 | ACCORD(ing) to a Trialist |
| Q83663689 | Accelerated Approval of Oncology Drugs: Can We Do Better? |
| Q37064401 | Accounting for treatment by center interaction in sample size determinations and the use of surrogate outcomes in the pessary for the prevention of preterm birth trial: a simulation study |
| Q58647841 | Accuracy of QTcand QTI for Detection of Autonomic Dysfunction |
| Q42614551 | Adenosine as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial: the Acute Myocardial Infarction STudy of ADenosine (AMISTAD) trial |
| Q41531538 | Adenosine for Myocardial Protection in Acute Myocardial Infarction |
| Q37965653 | Adherence, compliance and persistence to oral antineoplastic therapy: a review focused on chemotherapeutic and biologic agents. |
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| Q37796274 | An introduction to adaptive designs and adaptation in CNS trials |
| Q34499804 | An update on new orally administered contraceptives for women |
| Q37134171 | Anemia treatment in chronic kidney disease: shifting uncertainty |
| Q41623129 | Anesthesia needs large international clinical trials |
| Q34236623 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
| Q36689490 | Anti-infective research and development--problems, challenges, and solutions |
| Q33852002 | Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in children |
| Q28210237 | Approaches to eliminating sociocultural disparities in health |
| Q34098418 | Are hemodynamics surrogate end points in pulmonary arterial hypertension? |
| Q37730441 | Are outcomes reported in surgical randomized trials patient-important? A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| Q55393375 | Are ultra-short heart rate variability features good surrogates of short-term ones? State-of-the-art review and recommendations. |
| Q36405147 | Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk |
| Q90659911 | Artificial intelligence versus clinicians: systematic review of design, reporting standards, and claims of deep learning studies |
| Q28193301 | Aspirin beyond platelet inhibition |
| Q36029469 | Assessment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk Using Somatic Chromosome Alterations in Longitudinal Samples in Barrett's Esophagus |
| Q63446871 | Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Research Setting: Knowledge Gaps and Pathways Forward. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement |
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| Q46951562 | Autonomic markers and prediction of cardiac death after myocardial infarction |
| Q37492987 | Bactericidal antibody is the immunologic surrogate of protection against meningococcal disease |
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| Q38084158 | Benefit and harms of new anti-cancer drugs |
| Q36408688 | Benefit assessment of therapeutic products: the Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics |
| Q40025547 | Benefit in phase 1 oncology trials: therapeutic misconception or reasonable treatment option? |
| Q77440233 | Benefits of an “angina clinic” for patients with coronary artery disease: A demonstration of health status measures as markers of health care quality |
| Q42249410 | Beyond phase 3 registration trials: defining safety for triple therapy with protease inhibitors in cirrhosis |
| Q39244594 | Bioelectrical impedance analysis to define an excess of body fat: evaluation in patients with psoriasis. |
| Q35237100 | Biological markers for early detection and pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease |
| Q38418590 | Biomarker Qualification: Toward a Multiple Stakeholder Framework for Biomarker Development, Regulatory Acceptance, and Utilization |
| Q48500157 | Biomarker definitions and their applications |
| Q37810197 | Biomarkers and Imaging: Physics and Chemistry for Noninvasive Analyses |
| Q33756518 | Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints: Lessons Learned From Glaucoma |
| Q36552129 | Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in clinical trials |
| Q35912696 | Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in glaucoma clinical trials |
| Q36284659 | Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in kidney disease |
| Q36045270 | Biomarkers and surrogate markers: an FDA perspective |
| Q37755081 | Biomarkers and the design of clinical trials in cancer |
| Q38006237 | Biomarkers as Surrogate Endpoints in Cancer Trials |
| Q37769104 | Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: academic, industry and regulatory perspectives |
| Q38053476 | Biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus |
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| Q87438295 | Biomarkers in critical illness: Good answers, but what is the question? |
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| Q35799602 | Biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. General overview of biomarkers and their applicability |
| Q37495418 | Biomarkers of AAA progression. Part 1: extracellular matrix degeneration |
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| Q49667007 | Biomarkers of Potential Harm: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop |
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| Q37757754 | Biomarkers of cartilage turnover. Part 1: Markers of collagen degradation and synthesis |
| Q37319275 | Biomarkers of recovery after stroke |
| Q36831404 | Biomarkers of treatment response in clinical trials of novel antituberculosis agents |
| Q85902502 | Biomarkers, Putative Surrogates, Surrogates, and Decision Making |
| Q36439163 | Blood pressure as an example of a biomarker that functions as a surrogate |
| Q43818117 | British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy |
| Q53851252 | British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy (2005). |
| Q77333074 | British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV‐infected adults with antiretroviral therapy |
| Q73589027 | CA27.29: a valuable marker for breast cancer management. A confirmatory multicentric study on 603 cases |
| Q35528462 | CDC/NIH Workshop. Tuberculosis biomarker and surrogate endpoint research roadmap |
| Q35009604 | CYP2D6 genotype and tamoxifen response for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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| Q34009189 | Cancer screening |
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| Q36406439 | Cardiac cell-repair therapy: clinical issues |
| Q33741038 | Cardiac troponins in congestive heart failure |
| Q37538590 | Cardiovascular and renal surrogate markers in the clinical management of hypertension |
| Q27009400 | Cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with diabetes: where are we, and where are we going? |
| Q30469534 | Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pulmonary hypertension |
| Q41734646 | Carvedilol Use in Heart Failure |
| Q36964549 | Cell therapy in myocardial infarction: emphasis on the role of MRI. |
| Q35819672 | Challenges in the design of HIV prevention trials in the United States |
| Q55112408 | Challenges to demonstrating disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials. |
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| Q33783243 | Chest computed tomography predicts the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis |
| Q30396673 | Cholesterol paradox: a correlate does not a surrogate make |
| Q91677687 | Choosing primary endpoints for clinical trials of health care interventions |
| Q35001643 | Circulating levels of soluble KIT serve as a biomarker for clinical outcome in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients receiving sunitinib following imatinib failure |
| Q26852579 | Circulating tumors cells as biomarkers: progress toward biomarker qualification |
| Q35167912 | Clinical biomarkers in drug discovery and development |
| Q27025186 | Clinical studies in lysosomal storage diseases: Past, present, and future |
| Q35549242 | Clinical symptoms and microbiological outcomes in tuberculosis treatment trials. |
| Q34089761 | Clinical trial evidence supporting FDA approval of novel therapeutic agents, 2005-2012. |
| Q36896973 | Clinical trials and tribulations--lessons from pulmonary fibrosis |
| Q34800470 | Clinical trials for drugs against diabetic neuropathy: can we combine scientific needs with clinical practicalities? |
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| Q36730909 | Computed tomography and cystic fibrosis: promises and problems |
| Q47746290 | Computed tomography correlates with pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis |
| Q35013711 | Confounding by indication in non-experimental evaluation of vaccine effectiveness: the example of prevention of influenza complications |
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| Q37967498 | Considerations for Endpoint Selection When Designing HIV Clinical Trials |
| Q34386133 | Considerations in the evaluation of surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop |
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| Q33860483 | Design of cohort studies in chronic diseases using routinely collected databases when a prescription is used as surrogate outcome |
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| Q30151229 | Development and Validation of a Bilingual Stroke Preparedness Assessment Instrument |
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| Q35030752 | Development of diagnostic criteria for serious non-AIDS events in HIV clinical trials. |
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| Q34607382 | Diabetes and Biomarkers |
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| Q33725796 | Diminishing efficacy of combination therapy, response-heterogeneity, and treatment intolerance limit the attainability of tight risk factor control in patients with diabetes |
| Q57389418 | Direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C |
| Q40152674 | Discussion: Is the FDA in need of a major change in the way it regulates? |
| Q36221402 | Disease-Free Survival at 2 and 3 Years is a Significant Early Surrogate Marker Predicting the 5-Year Overall Survival in Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: External Evaluation and Validation in a Cohort |
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| Q47547613 | Effects of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Patients With OSA on Quality of Life. |
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| Q42871722 | Endoscopic ulcers are neither meaningful nor validated as a surrogate for clinically significant upper gastrointestinal harm |
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| Q37107029 | Evaluating a surrogate endpoint at three levels, with application to vaccine development |
| Q38233353 | Evaluating surrogacy metrics and investigating approval decisions of progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic renal cell cancer: a systematic review |
| Q78726678 | Evaluating surrogate endpoints |
| Q34944081 | Evaluation of progressive neuroretinal rim loss as a surrogate end point for development of visual field loss in glaucoma |
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| Q36045358 | Evidence from clinical trials: can we do better? |
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| Q47430316 | Five criteria for using a surrogate endpoint to predict treatment effect based on data from multiple previous trials |
| Q44654182 | Fondaparinux and prevention of venous thromboembolism after orthopaedic surgery |
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| Q30775227 | Functional magnetic resonance imaging in stroke recovery |
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| Q90564378 | Generating comparative evidence on new drugs and devices before approval |
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| Q34303588 | Imaging in the cardiovascular and metabolic disease area |
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| Q37190009 | Improved design of prodromal Alzheimer's disease trials through cohort enrichment and surrogate endpoints |
| Q78417756 | Improving efficiency of ALS clinical trials: a sponsor's perspective |
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| Q40122418 | Individual- and trial-level surrogacy in colorectal cancer |
| Q37016467 | Information-theory based surrogate marker evaluation from several randomized clinical trials with continuous true and binary surrogate endpoints |
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| Q36103356 | Is suicide ideation a surrogate endpoint for geriatric suicide? |
| Q35592539 | Isolated nocturnal hypertension and subclinical target organ damage: a systematic review of the literature. |
| Q35555015 | Issues facing clinical trials of the future |
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| Q37231532 | Issues in using progression-free survival when evaluating oncology products |
| Q73882960 | JNC VI: timing is everything |
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| Q35738793 | Key Concepts of Clinical Trials: A Narrative Review |
| Q54988551 | Knowledge Translation in Healthcare - Towards Understanding its True Complexities Comment on "Using Complexity and Network Concepts to Inform Healthcare Knowledge Translation". |
| Q79267929 | Left ventricular hypertrophy: a surrogate end point or correlate of cardiovascular events in kidney disease? |
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| Q36432489 | Magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate outcome measure of disability in multiple sclerosis: have we been overly harsh in our assessment? |
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| Q33642339 | Mediation analysis. |
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| Q37458317 | Meta-analysis for the evaluation of surrogate endpoints in cancer clinical trials. |
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| Q46854130 | Mutant androgen receptor accumulation in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy scrotal skin: a pathogenic marker |
| Q91649954 | National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: An Alternative Primary Outcome Measure for Trials of Acute Treatment for Ischemic Stroke |
| Q57405344 | Neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: current and future treatment options |
| Q38264397 | Neuroimaging biomarkers for Parkinson disease: facts and fantasy |
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| Q38162911 | New challenges for comparative effectiveness in oncology: choice of primary end points for randomized clinical trials |
| Q35852007 | New developments in medical clinical trials. |
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| Q35168059 | Outcomes research in acute renal failure |
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| Q33742081 | Patient Centered Outcomes in Periodontal Treatment-An Evidenced Based Approach |
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| Q37633008 | Potential use of circulating endothelial cells as a biomarker of renal cell carcinoma |
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