Ghrelin forms in the modulation of energy balance and metabolism

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Ghrelin forms in the modulation of energy balance and metabolism is …
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P356DOI10.1007/S40519-018-0599-6
P698PubMed publication ID30353455

P50authorGianluca Gortan CappellariQ57909428
P2093author name stringRocco Barazzoni
P2860cites workRandomized Phase II Study of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ghrelin During the Postoperative Period of EsophagectomyQ85894772
Acylated and unacylated ghrelin during OGTT in Prader-Willi syndrome: support for normal response to food intakeQ87238196
Central adiposity markers, plasma lipid profile and cardiometabolic risk prediction in overweight-obese individualsQ88741178
Sarcopenic obesity: Time to meet the challengeQ88953727
Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomachQ22010951
GH, GH receptor, GH secretagogue receptor, and ghrelin expression in human T cells, B cells, and neutrophilsQ24291670
Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cellsQ24298483
A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone releaseQ24308321
Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferaseQ24336259
Mice lacking ghrelin receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesityQ24536127
Revised genomic structure of the human ghrelin gene and identification of novel exons, alternative splice variants and natural antisense transcriptsQ24564988
Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and their potential links with mitochondrial dysfunctionQ24632414
Exogenous ghrelin modulates release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages through distinct signaling pathwaysQ24647705
Selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagyQ24658163
Obestatin: a new metabolic player in the pancreas and white adipose tissueQ26824623
Novel and conventional receptors for ghrelin, desacyl-ghrelin, and pharmacologically related compoundsQ27025743
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Uncoupling protein-2: evidence for its function as a metabolic regulatorQ28213060
Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteinsQ28214829
Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling through IRS-1 phosphorylationQ28236905
Design and characterization of a fluorescent ghrelin analog for imaging the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1aQ28247192
Ghrelin, appetite, and gastric motility: the emerging role of the stomach as an endocrine organQ28248705
Gut hormones and the regulation of energy homeostasisQ28278826
Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intakeQ28281470
Identification of the acyltransferase that octanoylates ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating peptide hormoneQ28504894
Angiotensin II-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance mediated by NF-kappaB activation via NADPH oxidaseQ28564620
Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide hormone: the motilin-related peptideQ28586965
Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preferenceQ28589080
Stomach regulates energy balance via acylated ghrelin and desacyl ghrelinQ28590928
Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesityQ28593792
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradationQ29547914
Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodentsQ29619226
A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feedingQ29620403
Towards a multidisciplinary approach to understand and manage obesity and related diseases.Q30240581
Acute peripheral metabolic effects of intraarterial ghrelin infusion in healthy young men.Q30353107
The pharmacokinetics of acyl, des-acyl, and total ghrelin in healthy human subjectsQ30416543
Increased basal level of Akt-dependent insulin signaling may be responsible for the development of insulin resistanceQ30434586
Regulation of ghrelin structure and membrane binding by phosphorylationQ30439568
Novel ghrelin assays provide evidence for independent regulation of ghrelin acylation and secretion in healthy young men.Q30439742
Ghrelin suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and deteriorates glucose tolerance in healthy humansQ30496263
The ghrelin cell: a novel developmentally regulated islet cell in the human pancreas.Q30838986
Unacylated ghrelin is active on the INS-1E rat insulinoma cell line independently of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a and the corticotropin releasing factor 2 receptor.Q30968720
Ghrelin treatment reverses the reduction in weight gain and body fat in gastrectomised miceQ31162633
Ghrelin, a novel placental-derived hormone.Q31836887
The orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated through central activation of the endogenous cannabinoid systemQ33323392
Acute administration of unacylated ghrelin has no effect on Basal or stimulated insulin secretion in healthy humansQ33789384
Combined effects of ghrelin and higher food intake enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and AKT phosphorylation in rats with chronic kidney disease.Q33802142
Uncoupling protein-2 decreases the lipogenic actions of ghrelinQ33848289
The association between hematological parameters and insulin resistance is modified by body mass index - results from the North-East Italy MoMa population studyQ33856500
Bitter taste receptors and α-gustducin regulate the secretion of ghrelin with functional effects on food intake and gastric emptyingQ34025370
A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humansQ34085069
Stomach is a major source of circulating ghrelin, and feeding state determines plasma ghrelin-like immunoreactivity levels in humans.Q34095151
The expression of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) in human tissuesQ34190331
Genetic studies on the ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT) genesQ34217460
CRF type 2 receptors mediate the metabolic effects of ghrelin in C2C12 cellsQ34223469
Non-acylated ghrelin counteracts the metabolic but not the neuroendocrine response to acylated ghrelin in humans.Q34325049
Ghrelin stimulates, whereas des-octanoyl ghrelin inhibits, glucose output by primary hepatocytesQ34366657
Ghrelin: structure and functionQ34406050
Ghrelin protects against cobalt chloride-induced hypoxic injury in cardiac H9c2 cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and inducing autophagyQ34418957
Genome organization, function, and imprinting in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromesQ34433463
Ghrelin against alendronate-induced gastric damage in rats.Q34486158
Des-acyl ghrelin induces food intake by a mechanism independent of the growth hormone secretagogue receptorQ34495359
Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humansQ34511955
Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin: two major forms of rat ghrelin peptide in gastrointestinal tissueQ34513077
Therapeutic action of ghrelin in a mouse model of colitis.Q34525422
Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissuesQ34743649
IKKbeta/NF-kappaB activation causes severe muscle wasting in miceQ40505119
Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia nervosa.Q40674690
Unacylated ghrelin restores insulin and autophagic signaling in skeletal muscle of diabetic miceQ40675125
Structural divergence of human ghrelin. Identification of multiple ghrelin-derived molecules produced by post-translational processingQ40692602
Ghrelin modulates the downstream molecules of insulin signaling in hepatoma cells.Q40766297
Structure-function studies on the new growth hormone-releasing peptide, ghrelin: minimal sequence of ghrelin necessary for activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a.Q40840986
Desacyl ghrelin inhibits the orexigenic effect of peripherally injected ghrelin in ratsQ41674955
Unacylated ghrelin promotes skeletal muscle regeneration following hindlimb ischemia via SOD-2-mediated miR-221/222 expressionQ41833851
Ghrelin Improves Antioxidant Defense in Blood and Brain in Normobaric Hypoxia in Adult Male RatsQ41867391
Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin promote differentiation and fusion of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.Q42026501
The mitogenic and antiapoptotic actions of ghrelin in 3T3-L1 adipocytesQ42462638
Effects of ghrelin administration after total gastrectomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II studyQ42465576
Effects of triglycerides, obesity, and starvation on ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrierQ42695713
Induced ablation of ghrelin cells in adult mice does not decrease food intake, body weight, or response to high-fat dietQ42718492
Effect of desacyl ghrelin, obestatin and related peptides on triglyceride storage, metabolism and GHSR signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytesQ42815441
Peripheral leptin and ghrelin receptors are regulated in a tissue-specific manner in activity-based anorexiaQ42824998
Role of leptin, ghrelin, angiotensin II and orexins in 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cells proliferation and oxidative metabolism.Q42829069
Obestatin regulates adipocyte function and protects against diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation.Q42834734
Localization of acyl ghrelin- and des-acyl ghrelin-immunoreactive cells in the rat stomach and their responses to intragastric pH.Q43054676
Ghrelin promotes antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in the rat ovaryQ43155672
Ghrelin attenuates hepatocellular injury and liver fibrogenesis in rodents and influences fibrosis progression in humansQ43193400
Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levelsQ43659734
Ghrelin, a natural GH secretagogue produced by the stomach, induces hyperglycemia and reduces insulin secretion in humansQ43766536
Novel expression and functional role of ghrelin in rat testisQ43858033
Administration of ghrelin improves inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis during and after non-alcoholic fatty liver disease developmentQ43995966
Extent and direction of ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier is determined by its unique primary structureQ44072283
The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in ratsQ44165158
Evidence for the existence of distinct central appetite, energy expenditure, and ghrelin stimulation pathways as revealed by hypothalamic site-specific leptin gene therapyQ44193797
The role of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogues receptor on rat adipogenesisQ44315319
Ghrelin Arg51Gln mutation is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in a random sample of middle-aged subjectsQ44435391
Low Plasma Ghrelin Is Associated With Insulin Resistance, Hypertension, and the Prevalence of Type 2 DiabetesQ44599802
Protective effects of ghrelin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heartQ44723431
Plasma ghrelin concentrations are decreased in insulin-resistant obese adults relative to equally obese insulin-sensitive controlsQ44835010
Ghrelin degradation by serum and tissue homogenates: identification of the cleavage sitesQ44980840
The inhibition of gastric ghrelin production by food intake in rats is dependent on the type of macronutrient.Q45000388
Gastric bypass does not normalize obesity-related changes in ghrelin profile and leads to higher acylated ghrelin fraction.Q45009299
Ghrelin regulates mitochondrial-lipid metabolism gene expression and tissue fat distribution in liver and skeletal muscleQ45029541
Acylated ghrelin limits fat accumulation and improves redox state and inflammation markers in the liver of high-fat-fed ratsQ45035611
Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin both inhibit isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes via a non-type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptorQ45056214
Ingested medium-chain fatty acids are directly utilized for the acyl modification of ghrelinQ45242305
Neutralizing circulating ghrelin by expressing a growth hormone secretagogue receptor-based protein protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity in miceQ45875896
Peripheral ghrelin selectively increases Fos expression in neuropeptide Y - synthesizing neurons in mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.Q46165631
Unacylated Ghrelin: A Novel Regulator of Muscle Intermediate Metabolism With Potential Beneficial Effects in Chronic Kidney DiseaseQ46278260
Unacylated ghrelin normalizes skeletal muscle oxidative stress and prevents muscle catabolism by enhancing tissue mitophagy in experimental chronic kidney diseaseQ46325544
Ghrelin treatment suppresses neutrophil-dominant inflammation in airways of patients with chronic respiratory infectionQ46525026
Unacylated Ghrelin Reduces Skeletal Muscle Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Inflammation and Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia and Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in Rodents.Q46603526
Endotoxin increases plasma leptin and ghrelin levels in dogsQ46630961
Decreased circulating levels of active ghrelin are associated with increased oxidative stress in obese subjectsQ46677653
Dose dependent effects of ghrelin on pentylenetetrazole-induced oxidative stress in a rat seizure modelQ46794448
Ghrelin enhances in vivo skeletal muscle but not liver AKT signaling in ratsQ46857146
Acute effects of ghrelin administration on glucose and lipid metabolismQ46879352
Ghrelin differentially affects hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in miceQ46950221
In vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of ghrelin: Attenuation of gastric ischemic injury in the rat.Q46967733
Direct stimulation of ghrelin secretion by sympathetic nervesQ46983615
Acylated ghrelin treatment normalizes skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and AKT phosphorylation in rat chronic heart failureQ47108632
Ghrelin modulates brain activity in areas that control appetitive behaviorQ34776330
TNF-alpha downregulates eNOS expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fat and muscle of obese rodentsQ35025561
Ghrelin-induced adiposity is independent of orexigenic effectsQ35105347
Gastrointestinal regulation of food intakeQ35251043
Ghrelin improves functional survival of engrafted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic heart through PI3K/Akt signaling pathwayQ35296938
AAV-mediated in vivo functional selection of tissue-protective factors against ischaemiaQ35661326
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein metabolism and function in ageing and type 2 diabetesQ35748551
Expression of ghrelin receptor mRNA in the rat and the mouse brainQ35915057
Ghrelin and energy balance: focus on current controversiesQ36074361
The gut and energy balance: visceral allies in the obesity warsQ36080128
Characterization of adult ghrelin and ghrelin receptor knockout mice under positive and negative energy balanceQ36415884
Ghrelin: a hormone regulating food intake and energy homeostasisQ36572840
Inhibition of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) by octanoylated pentapeptides.Q36825221
Insulin sensitivity: modulation by nutrients and inflammationQ36848937
Heterogeneity of ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptors. Toward the understanding of the molecular identity of novel ghrelin/GHS receptors.Q36876106
Effect of des-acyl ghrelin on adiposity and glucose metabolism.Q36908903
Ghrelin, obesity and diabetesQ36950900
Appetite and metabolic effects of ghrelin and cannabinoids: involvement of AMP-activated protein kinaseQ36993599
Inflammation and insulin resistance in uremiaQ37035741
Ghrelin induces abdominal obesity via GHS-R-dependent lipid retentionQ37214991
Colocalization of ghrelin O-acyltransferase and ghrelin in gastric mucosal cellsQ37264183
Seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor repertoire of gastric ghrelin cellsQ37372876
GOAT links dietary lipids with the endocrine control of energy balanceQ37463007
The effects of ghrelin on inflammation and the immune system.Q37874758
Structure, regulation and function of ghrelin.Q37951335
Neuroendocrine and metabolic activities of ghrelin gene productsQ37953124
Ghrelin and muscle metabolism in chronic uremia.Q37971424
GI functions of GPR39: novel biologyQ38033914
The role of obestatin in glucose and lipid metabolism.Q38129357
Ghrelin uses Galphai2 and activates voltage-dependent K+ channels to attenuate glucose-induced Ca2+ signaling and insulin release in islet beta-cells: novel signal transduction of ghrelinQ38300739
Unacylated ghrelin induces oxidative stress resistance in a glucose intolerance and peripheral artery disease mouse model by restoring endothelial cell miR-126 expressionQ38303220
High-fat diet with acyl-ghrelin treatment leads to weight gain with low inflammation, high oxidative capacity and normal triglycerides in rat muscleQ38780242
Carbohydrates and insulin resistance in clinical nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert groupQ38968183
Fasting and postprandial acyl and desacyl ghrelin levels in obese and non-obese subjects.Q39115921
Des-acyl ghrelin has specific binding sites and different metabolic effects from ghrelin in cardiomyocytes.Q39712194
Insulin resistance in chronic uremiaQ40012782
Gender-Specific Association of Desacylated Ghrelin with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Metabolic SyndromeQ47795849
Unacylated ghrelin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in a model of ischemia/reperfusion liver injury.Q48200734
Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression in mice during agingQ48342335
Ghrelin alleviates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Q48558042
Effect of food restriction on ghrelin in normal-cycling female rats and in pregnancyQ48629038
On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormoneQ48673475
Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats.Q48731123
The expression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor ligand ghrelin in normal and abnormal human pituitary and other neuroendocrine tumorsQ49075470
Insulin resistance in obesity: an overview of fundamental alterationsQ49349613
Obesity: focus on ongoing multidisciplinary and comprehensive researchQ49913184
The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humansQ50336243
Ghrelin Attenuated Lipotoxicity via Autophagy Induction and Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibition.Q50437715
Intravenous lipid infusion and total plasma fatty acids positively modulate plasma acylated ghrelin in vivo.Q51288553
Leptin and ghrelin expression in adipose tissues and serum levels in gastric banding patients.Q51498423
Increased density of ghrelin-expressing cells in the gastric fundus and body in Prader-Willi syndrome.Q51515486
Role of ghrelin polymorphisms in obesity based on three different studies.Q51541254
Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity.Q51549919
Separate measurement of plasma levels of acylated and desacyl ghrelin in healthy subjects using a new direct ELISA assay.Q51599352
Plasma total and unacylated ghrelin predict 5-year changes in insulin resistance.Q51669992
Hyperleptinemia prevents increased plasma ghrelin concentration during short-term moderate caloric restriction in rats.Q52550406
Ghrelin promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt pathway and EGFR trans-activation both converging to ERK 1/2 phosphorylation.Q53076830
The effects of enteral ghrelin administration on the remodeling of the small intestinal mucosa in neonatal piglets.Q53201466
Expression of ghrelin and its receptor in human tissues.Q53378406
Ghrelin-producing cells exist as two types of cells, closed- and opened-type cells, in the rat gastrointestinal tract.Q53878730
Growth hormone secretagogue binding sites in peripheral human tissues.Q54414034
Bacterial endotoxin induces biphasic changes in plasma ghrelin in healthy humans.Q54437059
Ghrelin protects human pulmonary artery endothelial cells against hypoxia-induced injury via PI3-kinase/Akt.Q54451290
Ghrelin induces cell migration through GHSR1a-mediated PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO signaling pathway in endothelial progenitor cells.Q54467268
Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader–Willi syndromeQ56092796
Kidney produces a novel acylated peptide, ghrelinQ61648798
Molecular screening of the ghrelin gene in Italian obese children: the Leu72Met variant is associated with an earlier onset of obesityQ61695484
Structure-activity relationships of a synthetic pentapeptide that specifically releases growth hormone in vitroQ71132457
Co-localization of growth hormone secretagogue receptor and NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus of the ratQ73196663
Generation of polyclonal antiserum against the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R): evidence that the GHS-R exists in the hypothalamus, pituitary and stomach of ratsQ73523502
Mutations in the preproghrelin/ghrelin gene associated with obesity in humansQ74364847
Expression of ghrelin and of the GH secretagogue receptor by pancreatic islet cells and related endocrine tumorsQ77754388
Gut vagal afferents are not necessary for the eating-stimulatory effect of intraperitoneally injected ghrelin in the ratQ79301454
Acylated and unacylated ghrelin promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells and human islets: involvement of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and phosphatidylQ79306155
Unacylated ghrelin acts as a potent insulin secretagogue in glucose-stimulated conditionsQ80499719
Relationships between desacylated and acylated ghrelin and insulin sensitivity in the metabolic syndromeQ80672254
Moderate caloric restriction, but not physiological hyperleptinemia per se, enhances mitochondrial oxidative capacity in rat liver and skeletal muscle--tissue-specific impact on tissue triglyceride content and AKT activationQ81196342
Higher total ghrelin levels are associated with higher insulin-mediated glucose disposal in non-diabetic maintenance hemodialysis patientsQ81249353
Fatty acids acutely enhance insulin-induced oxidative stress and cause insulin resistance by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nuclear factor-κB inhibitor (IκB)-nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activation in rat muscle, iQ82904528
Des-acyl ghrelin analogs prevent high-fat-diet-induced dysregulation of glucose homeostasisQ85856335
P433issue6
P407language of work or nameEnglishQ1860
P304page(s)997-1013
P577publication date2018-10-24
P1433published inEating and Weight DisordersQ15749576
P1476titleGhrelin forms in the modulation of energy balance and metabolism
P478volume24

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