Abstract is: Robert Merritt Chanock (July 8, 1924 – July 30, 2010) was an American pediatrician and virologist who made major contributions to the prevention and treatment of childhood respiratory infections in more than 50 years spent at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Chanock was born July 8, 1924 in Chicago. His post-secondary plans were to study physics. When he was drafted by the United States Army in 1943, he was given the choice of attending medical school with his course of study paid for by the military or going to the front lines. Chanock passed the entrance examination and graduated from the University of Chicago in 1945 and the University of Chicago School of Medicine in 1947. He did his internship at Highland Hospital in Oakland and trained in pediatrics at the University of Chicago. After completing his medical training, he did a fellowship at Cincinnati's Children's Hospital, where he worked under Albert Sabin, who called Chanock his "star scientific son." He was drafted by the Army in 1952 and was sent to Korea to help deal with an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis, but a ruptured appendix forced him to Tokyo, where he did research on infectious disease. He returned to Children's Hospital after being released from Army duty, and later did research at the University of Cincinnati and Johns Hopkins University. He joined the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, where he discovered the human respiratory syncytial virus, which is the cause of respiratory tract infections in children each winter, and is one of the most common causes of illness. Asked the best means to prevent the disease, Chanock quipped "one thing you can tell them is to have their babies in the spring". In 1962 Robert Chanock visited Dr. Leonard Hayflick at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to obtain a culture of his normal human fetal cell strain, WI-38, because of Hayflick’s report that it replicated all of the then known human viruses. Chanock described his work with the “Eaton Agent” to Hayflick where it was assumed it to be the viral cause of Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP) or “walking pneumonia” in humans. This cause was never proven. Hayflick suggested to Chanock that the cause might be a mycoplasma (then called a PPLO). Hayflick wrote his thesis on mycoplasma causes of respiratory diseases in animals and suggested to Chanock that PAP might be caused by a mycoplasma. Chanock replied that he never heard of PPLO’s. At Hayflick’s request egg yolk in which the Eaton Agent was grown was sent to him by Chanock. Hayflick grew a mycoplasma, the smallest free-living microorganism, on a unique agar growth medium that he developed. Together they proved that it was the etiological agent of PAP. Hayflick named the organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chanock was named head of the NIAID's Laboratory of Infectious Diseases in 1968. The WI-38 normal human cell strain gifted to Chanock resulted in the development of an adenovirus vaccine in 1964. This vaccine has been used in the world’s military where the virus produces a disease similar to the flu and forces recruits to enter clinics for many days. Researchers working with Chanock developed another vaccine using WI-38 to prevent Hepatitis A. They also produced a rotavirus vaccine, addressing the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children, as well as an influenza virus vaccine in the form of a nasal spray. Efforts were undertaken to create a vaccine to deal with dengue fever, though efforts to create immunizations for para-influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus were unsuccessful. Chanock was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1973. He was also honored with the Robert Koch Prize, the Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal, the E. Mead Johnson Award, the Public Health Service's Meritorious Service Medal and Distinguished Service Medal. In 1972, he was presented with the Gorgas Medal from the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States (AMSUS). NIAID Director Dr. Anthony Fauci called Chanock "an outstanding scientist whose innumerable contributions to the understanding of viral diseases helped make the world a healthier place for millions of people". A resident of Bethesda, Maryland, Chanock died at age 86 on July 30, 2010, at an assisted living facility in Sykesville, Maryland, due to complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was survived by a son, Stephen Chanock, and four grandchildren.
human | Q5 |
P2381 | Academic Tree ID | 47088 |
P268 | Bibliothèque nationale de France ID | 122804774 |
P5375 | BIU Santé person ID | 19472 |
P646 | Freebase ID | /m/0cn_5nq |
P227 | GND ID | 1236277252 |
P269 | IdRef ID | 031625754 |
P213 | ISNI | 0000000063049814 |
P244 | Library of Congress authority ID | n83174608 |
P5380 | National Academy of Sciences member ID | 57011 |
P8189 | National Library of Israel J9U ID | 987007454671605171 |
P1006 | Nationale Thesaurus voor Auteursnamen ID | 070940193 |
P1207 | NUKAT ID | n2014144546 |
P3368 | Prabook ID | 789141 |
P3430 | SNAC ARK ID | w6072rzn |
P214 | VIAF ID | 17283947 |
P10832 | WorldCat Entities ID | E39PBJyMfMRd6MVFBXfwhbkbh3 |
P166 | award received | Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Infectious Diseases Research | Q30123947 |
Robert Koch Prize | Q505132 | ||
Howard Taylor Ricketts Prize | Q1631920 | ||
E. Mead Johnson Award | Q5322058 | ||
P509 | cause of death | Alzheimer's disease | Q11081 |
P27 | country of citizenship | United States of America | Q30 |
P69 | educated at | University of Chicago | Q131252 |
Pritzker School of Medicine | Q7245998 | ||
P108 | employer | University of Cincinnati | Q153265 |
P101 | field of work | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Q310904 |
antibody | Q79460 | ||
P735 | given name | Robert | Q4927937 |
Robert | Q4927937 | ||
P1050 | medical condition | Alzheimer's disease | Q11081 |
P463 | member of | National Academy of Sciences | Q270794 |
P106 | occupation | university teacher | Q1622272 |
virologist | Q15634281 | ||
P21 | sex or gender | male | Q6581097 |
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Q72783237 | Identification of acid-inducing agent and related mycoplasma as mycoplasma hyorhinis |
Q36871958 | Identification of cross-reactive and serotype 2-specific neutralization epitopes on VP3 of human rotavirus. |
Q54027800 | Immunization by selective infection with type 4 adenovirus grown in human diploid tissue culture. II. specific protective effect against epidemic disease. |
Q64384347 | Immunization by selective infection with type 4 adenovirus grown in human diploid tissue cultures. I. Safety and lack of oncogenicity and tests for potency in volunteers |
Q45843731 | Immunization of cotton rats with the fusion (F) and large (G) glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) protects against RSV challenge without potentiating RSV disease |
Q37829340 | Immunization of infants and young children against rotaviral gastroenteritis--prospects and problems |
Q27486871 | Immunization of mice with dengue structural proteins and nonstructural protein NS1 expressed by baculovirus recombinant induces resistance to dengue virus encephalitis |
Q39243877 | Immunization of rhesus monkeys with a recombinant of modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing a truncated envelope glycoprotein of dengue type 2 virus induced resistance to dengue type 2 virus challenge |
Q57115195 | Immunoenzymatic examination of autoptic tissues from the outbreak of fatal infantile disease in Naples, in 1978-1979 |
Q45711661 | Immunofluorescence with respiratory syncytial virus |
Q70727788 | Immunogenicity of Cytolipin H Aggregated with Acholeplasma laidlawii Membrane Proteins |
Q33704894 | Immunogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae glycolipids: a novel approach to the production of antisera to membrane lipids |
Q45868590 | Immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus-respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with adenovirus types 4, 5, and 7 vectors in dogs and a chimpanzee |
Q45826022 | Immunoglobulins in serum and nasal secretions following infection with type 1 parainfluenza virus and injection of inactivated vaccines |
Q42978288 | Immunologic studies of Japanese encephalitis virus in Japan. I. Antibody responses following overt infection of man. |
Q42980030 | Immunologic studies of Japanese encephalitis virus in Japan. II. Antibody responses following inapparent human infection |
Q34076830 | Immunological response to infection with human reovirus-like agent: measurement of anti-human reovirus-like agent immunoglobulin G and M levels by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
Q45828600 | Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the cotton rat. |
Q34429476 | Immunoprophylaxis of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: effect of aerosol particle size and site of deposition of M. pneumoniae on the pattern of respiratory infection, disease, and immunity in hamsters |
Q34429422 | Immunoprophylaxis of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: effect of route of administration on the immunogenicity and protective effect of inactivated M. pneumoniae vaccine |
Q45843845 | Immunosuppression of the antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by pre-existing serum antibodies: partial prevention by topical infection of the respiratory tract with vaccinia virus-RSV recombinants |
Q69358520 | In Vitro Cultivation in Human Fetal Intestinal Organ Culture of a Reovirus-Like Agent Associated with Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis in Infants and Children |
Q36924285 | In vitro transcription of two human rotaviruses. |
Q76467886 | In vivo antigenic studies of parainfluenza viruses |
Q71198207 | Inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. Evaluation in volunteers |
Q37558684 | Independent segregation of two antigenic specificities (VP3 and VP7) involved in neutralization of rotavirus infectivity |
Q44458040 | Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis |
Q36875550 | Infection immunity of piglets to either VP3 or VP7 outer capsid protein confers resistance to challenge with a virulent rotavirus bearing the corresponding antigen |
Q44245973 | Infection of hamsters with para influenza 3 virus |
Q45718983 | Infection of human volunteers with type 2 hemadsorption virus |
Q64383775 | Infections in 18,000 infants and children in a controlled study of respiratory tract disease. I. Adenovirus pathogenicity in relation to serologic type and illness syndrome |
Q64383221 | Infections in 18,000 infants and children in a controlled study of respiratory tract disease. II. Variation in adenovirus infections by year and season |
Q45829625 | Infectivity and antigenicity of live avian-human influenza A reassortant virus: comparison of intranasal and aerosol routes in squirrel monkeys |
Q45821905 | Influence of immunological factors in respiratory syncytial virus disease |
Q41599669 | Influenza A and B virus infection in infants and young children during the years 1957-1976 |
Q39917473 | Inhibition of respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza 3 and measles viruses by 2-deoxy-d-glucose |
Q45711707 | Inoculation of Human Volunteers with Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 |
Q70367619 | Intracellular Development and Mechanism of Hemadsorption of a Human Coronavirus, OC43 |
Q34080111 | Intramuscular inoculation of live respiratory syncytial virus induces immunity in cotton rats |
Q35181395 | Isolation and Characterization of Fractions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae II. Antigenicity and Immunogenicity |
Q36933029 | Isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody to the G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus |
Q45789084 | Isolation and characterization of a highly attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine candidate by mutagenesis of the incompletely attenuated RSV A2 ts-1 NG-1 mutant virus |
Q35181362 | Isolation and characterization of fractions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. I. Chemical and chromatographic separation |
Q45887448 | Isolation and characterization of further defective clones of a temperature sensitive mutant (ts-1) of respiratory syncytial virus |
Q45813839 | Isolation from man of "avian infectious bronchitis virus-like" viruses (coronaviruses) similar to 229E virus, with some epidemiological observations |
Q45814906 | Isolation of RNA species from HeLa cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus |
Q32071192 | Isolation of a second recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody fragment (Fab RSVF2-5) that exhibits therapeutic efficacy in vivo |
Q41335274 | Jennerian and modified Jennerian approach to vaccination against rotavirus diarrhea using a quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus (RRV) and human-RRV reassortant vaccine |
Q39362354 | Letter: Probable in-vitro cultivation of human reovirus-like agent of infantile diarroea |
Q30409789 | Live Victoria/75- ts -1[E] Influenza A Virus Vaccines in Adult Volunteers: Role of Hemagglutinin Immunity in Protection Against Illness and Infection Caused by Influenza A Virus |
Q45771373 | Live subgroup B respiratory syncytial virus vaccines that are attenuated, genetically stable, and immunogenic in rodents and nonhuman primates |
Q39227933 | Live viral vaccines for respiratory and enteric tract diseases |
Q45791386 | Localization of the Ts defect in two Ts mutants of influenza A virus: evidence for the occurrence of intracistronic complementation between Ts mutants of influenza A virus coding for the neuraminidase and nucleoprotein polypeptides |
Q45810536 | Low-Temperature-Grown RS Virus in Adult Volunteers |
Q47756461 | Lysis and death of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by antibody and complement |
Q24562547 | MYCOPLASMA SPECIES OF MAN |
Q76567966 | MYXOVIRUSES: PARAINFLUENZA |
Q69178677 | Measurement of Mycoplasma pneumoniae mycoplasmacidal antibody in human serum |
Q37363527 | Measurement of rotavirus antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blocking assay |
Q36808652 | Mechanism of antibody-mediated viral clearance in immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection of cotton rats |
Q37103582 | Mechanisms of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats |
Q27486619 | Mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing dengue 4 virus structural proteins with or without nonstructural protein NS1 are protected against fatal dengue virus encephalitis |
Q34414157 | Microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin |
Q40549292 | Molecularly engineered live-attenuated chimeric West Nile/dengue virus vaccines protect rhesus monkeys from West Nile virus |
Q40983230 | Monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants selected with a respiratory syncytial virus-neutralizing human antibody fab fragment (Fab 19) define a unique epitope on the fusion (F) glycoprotein |
Q46380644 | More Sensitive Methods for Detection of Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Q37122632 | Morphogenesis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus and a Related Human Virus (Strain 229E) |
Q45711465 | Multiplication and Cytopathology of Coxsackie A-21 Virus in Rotated and Stationary Tissue Culture |
Q71260541 | Mutants of influenza virus |
Q46184613 | Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture of Crohn's disease material |
Q71468617 | Mycoplasma pneumoniae Phosphatidyl Glycerol |
Q47821347 | Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in volunteers |
Q45711734 | Natural reinfection of adults by respiratory syncytial virus. Possible relation to mild upper respiratory disease |
Q40486736 | Neonatal administration of rhesus rotavirus tetravalent vaccine |
Q39328200 | New complement-fixation test for the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Nebraska calf diarrhea virus used as antigen |
Q30444491 | New viruses observed in children with respiratory diseases |
Q74791885 | Newly recognized myxoviruses from children with respiratory disease |
Q36899094 | Nucleoprotein and membrane protein genes are associated with restriction of replication of influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus and its reassortants in squirrel monkey respiratory tract |
Q43873684 | Nucleoprotein and membrane protein genes responsible for restriction of replication of influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus and its reassortants in the respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys |
Q45848527 | Nucleotide sequence of the structural glycoprotein VP7 gene of Nebraska calf diarrhea virus rotavirus: comparison with homologous genes from four strains of human and animal rotaviruses |
Q67258021 | Oral administration of human rotavirus to volunteers: induction of illness and correlates of resistance |
Q64384515 | PATTERNS OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN MARINE CORPS PERSONNEL. I. A 42-MONTH SURVEY IN RECRUIT AND NONRECRUIT POPULATIONS |
Q64384514 | PATTERNS OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN MARINE CORPS PERSONNEL. II. LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF SUCCESSIVE ADVANCED RECRUIT TRAINING COMPANIES |
Q64384989 | PATTERNS OF ILLNESS IN RHINOVIRUS INFECTIONS OF MILITARY PERSONNEL |
Q45711672 | Para-influenza 2 (CA) virus: etiologic association with croup. |
Q36333406 | Parenteral immunization with live respiratory syncytial virus is blocked in seropositive cotton rats |
Q36873249 | Passive transfer of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antiserum suppresses the immune response to the RSV fusion (F) and large (G) glycoproteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses |
Q36638969 | Pathogenesis of adenovirus type 5 pneumonia in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). |
Q57116104 | Pattern of Shedding of the Norwalk Particle in Stools during Experimentally Induced Gastroenteritis in Volunteers as Determined by Immune Electron Microscopy |
Q37254420 | Pediatric viral gastroenteritis during eight years of study |
Q72147606 | Peroxide Formation by Mycoplasmas which Infect Man |
Q70918174 | Phospholipid hapten of Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Q79447510 | Picornaviruses: classification of nine new types |
Q44069994 | Posttransfusion hepatitis after open-heart operations. Incidence after the administration of blood from commercial and volunteer donor populations |
Q39927986 | Potential of attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine for infants and children |
Q36867574 | Prediction of human rotavirus serotype by nucleotide sequence analysis of the VP7 protein gene |
Q46429295 | Preparation and Characterization of Complement-fixing Hepatitis-associated Antigen and Antiserum |
Q39809764 | Present status of live influenza A virus vaccine |
Q40198967 | Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk agent by a newly developed immune adherence hemagglutination assay |
Q34095271 | Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk virus in various countries |
Q44176827 | Probable association of plaque size with neuraminidase subtype among H3N2 influenza A viruses |
Q34167897 | Production and Properties of Antisera to Membrane Glycolipids of Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Q36329504 | Production and level of genetic stability of an influenza A virus temperature-sensitive mutant containing two genes with ts mutations |
Q33707803 | Production of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cDNA confirms an essential role for the transcription elongation factor from the 5' proximal open reading frame of the M2 mRNA in gene expression and provides a capability for va |
Q27486615 | Proper processing of dengue virus nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 requires the N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence and the downstream nonstructural protein NS2a |
Q38284480 | Prospects for development of a rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus diarrhea in infants and young children |
Q43722598 | Prospects for prevention of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus |
Q46129217 | Protection against severe rotavirus diarrhoea by rhesus rotavirus vaccine in Venezuelan infants |
Q45824738 | Protective effect of antibody to parainfluenza type 1 virus |
Q30414067 | Proteins of Norwalk virus |
Q36903965 | Quantitative aspects of passive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant cotton rats |
Q76505744 | RELATIONSHIP OF RHINOVIRUS INFECTION TO MILD UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE. 1. RESULTS OF A SURVEY IN YOUNG ADULTS AND CHILDREN |
Q77182858 | RELATIONSHIP OF RHINOVIRUS INFECTION TO MILD UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE. II. EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS IN MALE MILITARY TRAINEES |
Q76583869 | RHINOVIRUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY RESPONSES AND THEIR MEASUREMENT |
Q44704693 | ROLE OF MYCOPLASMA (PPLO) IN HUMAN RESPIRATORY DISEASE |
Q33765907 | Rational design of live-attenuated recombinant vaccine virus for human respiratory syncytial virus by reverse genetics. |
Q56762470 | Reappraisal of the Association of Intussusception with the Licensed Live Rotavirus Vaccine Challenges Initial Conclusions |
Q36899609 | Reassortant rotaviruses as potential live rotavirus vaccine candidates |
Q45805045 | Reassortant virus derived from avian and human influenza A viruses is attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys |
Q37214942 | Recent Advances in the Aetiology of Viral Gastroenteritis |
Q36467073 | Recent advances in development of a rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe diarrheal illness of infants and young children |
Q35046469 | Recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) monoclonal antibody Fab is effective therapeutically when introduced directly into the lungs of RSV-infected mice |
Q50730224 | Recommendations on nomenclature of the order Mycoplasmatales. |
Q35548175 | Recovery and identification of adenovirus in infections of infants and children. |
Q35548219 | Recovery and identification of human myxoviruses |
Q36465731 | Recovery in tracheal organ cultures of novel viruses from patients with respiratory disease |
Q79364978 | Recovery of PPLO of atypical pneumonia on artificial agar medium |
Q95555907 | Recovery of PPLO of atypicalpneumonia on artificial agar medium. (MR005.1204) |
Q69589697 | Recurrent institutional outbreaks of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis: epidemiology and etiology |
Q35171341 | Relationship of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to Other Human Mycoplasma Species Studied by Gel Diffusion |
Q34095336 | Relationship of genotype of recombinants of influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E]virus used as live virus vaccines to virulence in humans |
Q78762766 | Relationship of human and bovine strains of myxovirus para-influenza 3 |
Q68558290 | Relationship of rehinovirus infection to mild upper respiratory disease. 3. Further epidemiologic observations in military personnel |
Q69355598 | Reoviruslike Agent in Stools: Association with Infantile Diarrhea and Development of Serologic Tests |
Q35308902 | Rescue of noncultivatable human rotavirus by gene reassortment during mixed infection with ts mutants of a cultivatable bovine rotavirus |
Q35596022 | Resistance to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induced by immunization of cotton rats with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the RSV G glycoprotein |
Q36404814 | Respiratory disease in volunteers infected with Eaton agent: a preliminary report |
Q45791662 | Respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in nonhuman primates and domestic animals |
Q34206177 | Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine |
Q43599145 | Respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children |
Q36330105 | Respiratory syncytial virus infection in cyclophosphamide-treated cotton rats |
Q34098698 | Respiratory syncytial virus infection in inbred mice |
Q34100392 | Respiratory syncytial virus infection in owl monkeys: viral shedding, immunological response, and associated illness caused by wild-type virus and two temperature-sensitive mutants |
Q45813801 | Respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing activity in nasal secretions following natural infection |
Q45718423 | Respiratory syncytial virus. I. Virus recovery and other observations during 1960 outbreak of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and minor respiratory diseases in children |
Q45718142 | Respiratory syncytial virus. II. Serologic studies over a 34-month period of children with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and minor respiratory diseases. |
Q45717993 | Respiratory syncytial virus. III. Production of illness and clinical observations in adult volunteers. |
Q45717756 | Respiratory syncytial virus. IV. Correlation of virus shedding, serologic response, and illness in adult volunteers. |
Q55515289 | Role of Eaton agent in disease of lower respiratory tract: evidence for infection in adults. |
Q34155278 | Role of Glycolipids and Phosphatidylglycerol in the Serological Activity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Q40225222 | Role of Norwalk Virus in Outbreaks of Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis |
Q33741620 | Role of early genes in pathogenesis of adenovirus pneumonia |
Q33858906 | Role of early region 3 (E3) in pathogenesis of adenovirus disease |
Q40200919 | Rotaviral Immunity in Gnotobiotic Calves: Heterologous Resistance to Human Virus Induced by Bovine Virus |
Q48291317 | Rotavirus VP7 neutralization epitopes of serotype 3 strains |
Q72860885 | Rotavirus gastroenteritis in the Washington, DC, area: incidence of cases resulting in admission to the hospital |
Q39501137 | Rotavirus: the major etiologic agent of severe infantile diarrhea may be controllable by a "Jennerian" approach to vaccination |
Q37438212 | SEROLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG HUMAN MYCOPLASMAS AS SHOWN BY COMPLEMENT-FIXATION AND GEL DIFFUSION |
Q78300354 | SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTIBODY TO MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS TYPE 1 AS MEASURED BY INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION |
Q45890352 | Safety and Antigenicity of Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines in Children: Trials with Monovalent and Bivalent A/New Jersey/76 (HswN1) and A/Victoria/75 Virus Vaccines in Washington, D.C |
Q44262730 | Safety and antigenicity of temperature sensitive (TS) mutant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and children. |
Q70154380 | Safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated rhesus monkey rotavirus vaccine |
Q40475001 | Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of 2 doses of bovine-human (UK) and rhesus-rhesus-human rotavirus reassortant tetravalent vaccines in Finnish children. |
Q41463572 | Satisfactorily attenuated and protective mutants derived from a partially attenuated cold-passaged respiratory syncytial virus mutant by introduction of additional attenuating mutations during chemical mutagenesis |
Q33912830 | Secretory and systemic immunological response in children infected with live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines. |
Q39205546 | Secretory antibody directed against rotavirus in human milk—measurement by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
Q36637434 | Selection of cold-adapted mutants of human rotaviruses that exhibit various degrees of growth restriction in vitro |
Q70112230 | Sensitivity of common respiratory viruses to an interferon inducer in human cells |
Q36879244 | Sequence of the fourth gene of human rotaviruses recovered from asymptomatic or symptomatic infections. |
Q46702794 | Sequential enteric illnesses associated with different rotavirus serotypes |
Q36203580 | Serious respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus: prospects for improved therapy and effective immunization |
Q43210782 | Serious respiratory tract illness as a result of Asian influenza and influenza B infections in children |
Q53815035 | Seroepidemiologic studies of coronavirus infection in adults and children. |
Q45053573 | Seroepidemiological studies of transfusion-associated hepatitis |
Q79189893 | Serologic evidence of infection with Eaton agent in lower respiratory illness in childhood |
Q78814832 | Serologic response of incividuals infected with para influenza viruses |
Q71175805 | Serologic response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. I. Evaluation of immunofluorescence, complement fixation, indirect hemagglutination, and tetrazolium reduction inhibition tests for the diagnosis of infection |
Q44032340 | Serologic response to Myocplasma pneumoniae infection. II. Significance of antibody measured by different techniques |
Q70918219 | Serological and immunogenic activities of different fractions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Q37205945 | Serum and nasal-wash immunoglobulin G and A antibody response of infants and children to respiratory syncytial virus F and G glycoproteins following primary infection. |
Q43566533 | Serum complement in acute bronchiolitis |
Q37208820 | Serum immunoglobulin G antibody subclass responses to respiratory syncytial virus F and G glycoproteins after primary infection. |
Q72216366 | Shedding ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeafter Tetracycline and Erythromycin Therapy |
Q70918216 | Significance of antibody to mycoplasma as measured by metabolic-inhibition techniques |
Q37212147 | Single gene substitution rotavirus reassortants containing the major neutralization protein (VP7) of human rotavirus serotype 4. |
Q44388606 | Site-directed ELISA identifies a highly antigenic region of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein |
Q37312274 | Solid-Phase Microtiter Radioimmunoassay Blocking Test for Detection of Antibodies to Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin |
Q39607962 | Solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay for detection of the Norwalk strain of acute nonbacterial, epidemic gastroenteritis virus and its antibodies |
Q45825523 | Specificity of the local secretory antibody to influenza A virus infection. |
Q38321647 | Strategies for the development of a rotavirus vaccine against infantile diarrhea with an update on clinical trials of rotavirus vaccines. |
Q52850498 | Studies in volunteers with human rotaviruses |
Q43846948 | Studies of a new human hemadsorption virus. I. Isolation, properties and characterization. |
Q45827861 | Studies of passive immunotherapy for infections of respiratory syncytial virus in the respiratory tract of a primate model |
Q70457314 | Studies with human coronaviruses. II. Some properties of strains 229E and OC43 |
Q76567978 | THE ROLE OF ENTEROVIRUSES IN RESPIRATORY DISEASE |
Q45883792 | Temperature sensitive mutants of influenza virus. IX. Genetic and biological characterization of TS-1[E] lesions when transferred to a 1972 (H3N2) influenza A virus |
Q45811202 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus. I. Behavior in Tissue Culture and in Experimental Animals |
Q45815368 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus. III. Further Characterization of the ts-1[E] Influenza A Recombinant (H3N2) Virus in Man |
Q45815366 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus. IV. Induction of Interferon in the Nasopharynx by Wild-Type and a Temperature-Sensitive Recombinant Virus |
Q69887343 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: I. In Vitro Biologic Properties |
Q70614865 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Mycoplasma pneumotuae. II. Response of Hamsters |
Q45811483 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: In-Vivo Studies in Hamsters |
Q39145234 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae. I. Preparation and Characterization in Vitro of TemperatureSensitive Mutants of Type I S. pneumoniae |
Q39160693 | Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Type I Streptococcus pneumoniae: Preparation, Characterization, and Evidence for Attenuation and Immunogenicity |
Q43757749 | Temperature-Sensitive mutants of influenza virus. VII. Transfer of the TS-1[E] lesions to a wild-type influenza A virus with the HON1 surface antigens |
Q40890762 | Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Influenza A Virus: Response of Children to the Influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] (H3N2) and Influenza A/Udorn/72-ts-1[E] (H3N2) Candidate Vaccine Viruses and Significance of Immunity to Neuraminidase Antigen |
Q37133871 | Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
Q43465179 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus. Transfer of the two ts-1A2 ts lesions present in the Udorn/72-ts-1A2 donor virus to the influenza A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) wild type virus |
Q45885602 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus. XI. Transfer of ts lesions in the Hong Kong/68-ts-1 [a] virus to the influenza A/Udorn/72 wild type |
Q45885600 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus. XII. Safety, antigenicity, transmissibility, and efficacy of influenza A/Udorn/72-ts-1[E] recombinant viruses in human adults |
Q45887369 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus. XIV. Production and evaluation of influenza A/Georgia/74-ts-1[E] recombinant viruses in human adults |
Q30413824 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of A/Victoria/3/75-ts-1[E] recombinant viruses in volunteers |
Q34077937 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of the A/Victoria/75-ts-1A2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers |
Q45791038 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of the Alaska/77-ts-1A2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers |
Q34447272 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: production and characterization of A/Victoria/3/75-ts-1[E] recombinants |
Q33903865 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: transfer of the two temperature-sensitive lesions in the Udorn/72-ts-1A2 virus to the A2Hong Kong/123/77 (H1N1) wild-type virus |
Q45792982 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) virus. I. Isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants some of which exhibit host-dependent temperature sensitivity |
Q45792980 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) virus. II. Genetic analysis and demonstration of intrasegmental complementation |
Q45794150 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) virus. III. Genetic analysis of temperature-dependent host range mutants |
Q45816030 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. II. Attenuation of ts recombinants for man. |
Q45791430 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. Identification of the loci of the two ts lesions in the Udorn-ts-1A2 donor virus and the correlation of the presence of these two ts lesions with a predictable level of attenuation |
Q45814802 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. V. Evaluation in man of an additional ts recombinant virus with a 39 C shutoff temperature |
Q43207571 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. VI. Transfer of TS lesions from the Asian subtype of influenza A virus (H2N2) to the Hong Kong subtype (H3N2) |
Q45889637 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. XV. The genetic and biological characterization of a recombinant influenza virus containing two ts lesions produced by mating two complementing, single lesion ts mutants |
Q45889633 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. XVI. Transfer of the two ts lesions present in the Udorn/72-ts-1A2 donor virus to the Victoria/3/75 wild-type virus |
Q44553913 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza. VIII. Genetic and biological characterization of TS mutants of influenza virus A (H3N2) and their assignment to complementation groups |
Q93811682 | The adaptation of two human coronavirus strains (OC38 and OC43) to growth in cell monolayers |
Q42977111 | The hemagglutinin of St. Louis encephalitis virus. I. Recovery of stable hemagglutinin from the brains of infected mice |
Q42977117 | The hemagglutinin of St. Louis encephalitis virus. II. Physico-chemical properties and nature of its reaction with erythrocytes |
Q42977120 | The hemagglutinin of St. Louis encephalitis virus. III. Properties of normal inhibitors and specific antibody; use of hemagglutination-inhibition for diagnosis of infection |
Q42977405 | The hemagglutinin of West Nile virus: recovery, properties, and antigenic relationships |
Q45720869 | The hemagglutinin of western equine encephalitis virus: recovery, properties and use for diagnosis. |
Q40795113 | The nucleotide sequence of dengue type 4 virus: analysis of genes coding for nonstructural proteins |
Q36058867 | The pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats |
Q64384119 | The role of viruses, mycoplasmas and bacteria in acute pneumonia in civilian adults |
Q45829807 | The use of purified immunoglobulin in the therapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection |
Q35319145 | Topically administered immunoglobulin reduces pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus shedding in owl monkeys |
Q70580714 | Transmission of Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis to Volunteers by Oral Administration of Stool Filtrates |
Q48660698 | Transmission of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis to volunteers by oral administration of stool filtrates. 1971. |
Q34483591 | Ultrastructural Lesions in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Membranes Produced by Antibody and Complement |
Q40765950 | Unexpectedly High Frequency of Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Human Sera as Measured by Sensitive Techniques |
Q34406224 | Use of a free viral immunofluorescence assay to detect human reovirus-like agent in human stools |
Q30414968 | Use of temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted mutant viruses in immunoprophylaxis of acute respiratory tract disease |
Q36811328 | Use of temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus as live virus vaccine strains. Evaluation in laboratory animals, adults and children |
Q33905975 | Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum antibody responses of volunteers who received attenuated influenza A virus vaccines |
Q72954807 | Use of transcription probes for genotyping rotavirus reassortants |
Q46156185 | VP4 protein of porcine rotavirus strain OSU expressed by a baculovirus recombinant induces neutralizing antibodies |
Q34162702 | VP7 serotype-specific glycoprotein of OSU porcine rotavirus: coding assignment and gene sequence |
Q43522294 | Vaccination against pediatric illness caused by parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and certain adenoviruses. Current status and perspective |
Q37866604 | Viral diarrhea. Etiology and control |
Q36333583 | Virulence of avian influenza A viruses for squirrel monkeys. |
Q36591307 | Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis |
Q45793768 | ts P1 and P3 genes are responsible for satisfactory level of attenuation of ts-1A2 recombinants bearing H1N1 or H3N2 surface antigens of influenza A virus |
Q123691040 | Dr. Robert M. Chanock, Prominent Virologist, Dies at 86 |
Q34910434 | In Memoriam: Robert M. Chanock, MD, 1924–2010. |
Arabic (ar / Q13955) | روبرت ميريت شانوك | wikipedia |
Egyptian Arabic (arz / Q29919) | روبرت ميريت شانوك | wikipedia |
Robert M. Chanock | wikipedia | |
Robert M. Chanock | wikipedia |
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