Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in β-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway (scientific article published on 18 December 2019)

Beneficial endocrine but adverse exocrine effects of sitagliptin in the human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic rat model of type 2 diabetes: interactions with metformin

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Free fatty acids increase cytosolic free calcium and stimulate insulin secretion from beta-cells through activation of GPR40.

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G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) expression and its regulation in human pancreatic islets: the role of type 2 diabetes and fatty acids

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Low concentrations of metformin selectively inhibit CD133⁺ cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer and have anticancer action

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Metformin Decouples Phospholipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells

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Metformin regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells

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Activation of GPR40 attenuates chronic inflammation induced impact on pancreatic β-cells health and function.

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Effects of Ca2+ channel blockers on store-operated Ca2+ channel currents of Kupffer cells after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

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Targeting VEGF-B as a novel treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

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Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders

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Metformin attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and apoptosis in rat insulinoma cells

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Exposure of mouse embryonic pancreas to metformin enhances the number of pancreatic progenitors

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TLR4 at the Crossroads of Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Inflammation.

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Randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study of TAK-875, a novel GPR40 agonist, in Japanese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes

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Reevaluation of fatty acid receptor 1 as a drug target for the stimulation of insulin secretion in humans

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Metformin plays a dual role in MIN6 pancreatic β cell function through AMPK-dependent autophagy

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Physiology and therapeutics of the free fatty acid receptor GPR40.

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Metformin prevents glucotoxicity by alleviating oxidative and ER stress-induced CD36 expression in pancreatic beta cells.

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Innate immunity in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy

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Fetuin A promotes lipotoxicity in β cells through the TLR4 signaling pathway and the role of pioglitazone in anti-lipotoxicity

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Liraglutide enhances glucose transporter 4 translocation via regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in mouse skeletal muscle cells

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The effect of FFAR1 on pioglitazone-mediated attenuation of palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in βTC6 cells

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Inhibition of GPR40 protects MIN6 β cells from palmitate-induced ER stress and apoptosis

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The relationship between GPR40 and lipotoxicity of the pancreatic β-cells as well as the effect of pioglitazone

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GPR40-induced insulin secretion by the novel agonist TAK-875: first clinical findings in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Insulin-Dependent Regulation of mTORC2-Akt-FoxO Suppresses TLR4 Signaling in Human Leukocytes: Relevance to Type 2 Diabetes.

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DHA promotes the neuronal differentiation of rat neural stem cells transfected with GPR40 gene

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Glucose plus metformin compared with glucose alone on β-cell function in mouse pancreatic islets

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Melatonin and L-carnitin improves endothelial disfunction and oxidative stress in Type 2 diabetic rats

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Potentiation of Glucose-stimulated Insulin Secretion by the GPR40-PLC-TRPC Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells

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Combining metformin therapy with caloric restriction for the management of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats.

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes act as a chemokine and recruit macrophages by activating the PLC/IP3/CRAC channel signaling pathway.

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Treatment with insulin sensitizer metformin improves arterial properties, metabolic parameters, and liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

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Type 2 diabetes mitigation in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat by elevated bile acids following a common-bile-duct surgery.

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Short Course of Insulin Treatment versus Metformin in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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G-protein coupled receptor 40 agonists as novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes

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Effects of metformin and alogliptin on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes

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Metformin Ameliorates Lipotoxic β-Cell Dysfunction through a Concentration-Dependent Dual Mechanism of Action

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Characteristics of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: Etiology, treatment, and genetics

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Metformin restores insulin secretion altered by chronic exposure to free fatty acids or high glucose: a direct metformin effect on pancreatic beta-cells

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Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and metformin on β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Metformin attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats through modulation of oxidative stress genes expression.

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TAK-875, a GPR40/FFAR1 agonist, in combination with metformin prevents progression of diabetes and β-cell dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

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Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

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Lack of GPR40/FFAR1 does not induce diabetes even under insulin resistance condition

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Metformin does not adversely affect hormonal and symptomatic responses to recurrent hypoglycemia

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A multiple-ascending-dose study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a novel GPR40 agonist, TAK-875, in subjects with type 2 diabetes

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Acute administration of GPR40 receptor agonist potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in the rat.

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Strontium promotes calcium oscillations in mouse meiotic oocytes and early embryos through InsP3 receptors, and requires activation of phospholipase and the synergistic action of InsP3.

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Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Impairs Insulin Sensitivity but Improves Whole-Body Glucose Tolerance by Activating Skeletal Muscle AMPK.

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Fenofibrate attenuates fatty acid-induced islet β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis via inhibiting the NF-κB/MIF dependent inflammatory pathway

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Combining the G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist fasiglifam with sitagliptin improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metformin: A randomized, 12-week trial.

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Metformin attenuates the TLR4 inflammatory pathway in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

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Ageing potentiates diet-induced glucose intolerance, β-cell failure and tissue inflammation through TLR4.

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FNDC5 attenuates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance via AMPK-mediated macrophage polarization in obesity.

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