Abstract is: The Paris Agreement (French: Accord de Paris), often referred to as the Paris Accords or the Paris Climate Accords, is an international treaty on climate change. Adopted in 2015, the agreement covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196 parties at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference near Paris, France. As of September 2022, 194 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement. Of the four UNFCCC member states which have not ratified the agreement, the only major emitter is Iran. The United States withdrew from the Agreement in 2020, but rejoined in 2021. The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (Earth Day) at a ceremony in New York. After the European Union ratified the agreement, sufficient countries had ratified the Agreement responsible for enough of the world's greenhouse gases for the Agreement to enter into force on 4 November 2016. The Paris Agreement's long-term temperature goal is to keep the rise in mean global temperature to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above pre-industrial levels, and preferably limit the increase to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F), recognizing that this would substantially reduce the effects of climate change. Emissions should be reduced as soon as possible and reach net-zero by the middle of the 21st century. To stay below 1.5 °C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This is an aggregate of each country's nationally determined contributions. It aims to help countries adapt to climate change effects, and mobilise enough finance. Under the Agreement, each country must determine, plan, and regularly report on its contributions. No mechanism forces a country to set specific emissions targets, but each target should go beyond previous targets. In contrast to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, the distinction between developed and developing countries is blurred, so that the latter also have to submit plans for emission reductions. The Agreement was lauded by world leaders, but criticised as insufficiently binding by some environmentalists and analysts. There is debate about the effectiveness of the Agreement. While current pledges under the Paris Agreement are insufficient for reaching the set temperature goals, there is a mechanism of increased ambition. The Paris Agreement has been successfully used in climate litigation forcing countries and an oil company to strengthen climate action. On 4 July 2022, the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil recognized the Paris agreement as a human rights treaty.
treaty | Q131569 |
environmental protocol | Q5381350 |
P50 | author | United Nations | Q1065 |
P2058 | depositary | United Nations Secretary-General | Q81066 |
P7588 | effective date | 2016-11-04 | |
P1269 | facet of | climate change | Q125928 |
P828 | has cause | global warming | Q7942 |
P1542 | has effect | United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement | Q30106998 |
??? | Q98121026 | ||
P3712 | has goal | adaptation to global warming | Q260607 |
climate change mitigation | Q898653 | ||
climate resilience | Q17072637 | ||
P407 | language of work or name | French | Q150 |
Spanish | Q1321 | ||
Russian | Q7737 | ||
English | Q1860 | ||
Chinese | Q7850 | ||
Arabic | Q13955 | ||
P276 | location | New York City | Q60 |
Paris | Q90 | ||
P138 | named after | Paris | Q90 |
P5008 | on focus list of Wikimedia project | WikiProject Climate change | Q15305047 |
P361 | part of | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | Q208645 |
P585 | point in time | 2015-12-12 | |
P577 | publication date | 2015-12-12 | |
P6193 | ratified by | People's Republic of China | Q148 |
P1891 | signatory | Japan | Q17 |
Canada | Q16 | ||
Turkey | Q43 | ||
France | Q142 | ||
People's Republic of China | Q148 | ||
Germany | Q183 | ||
Czech Republic | Q213 | ||
Australia | Q408 | ||
Andorra | Q228 | ||
European Union | Q458 | ||
Russia | Q159 | ||
South Korea | Q884 | ||
India | Q668 | ||
Iran | Q794 | ||
Tunisia | Q948 |
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Q63494178 | Press conference of the President of the French Republic at the Europan Council |
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Q56063605 | Déclaration de Lisbonne sur les interconnexion énergétiques |
Q57519023 | conférence de presse du Président de la République française au Conseil européen le 18 octobre 2018 |
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Q30106998 | United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement |
Q110217337 | Q110217337 |
Q110546279 | Q110546279 |
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Q20051297 | Nationally Determined Contributions |
Q100071671 | Q100071671 |
Q100333077 | Q100333077 |
Q110534684 | Q110534684 |
Q110567184 | Q110567184 |
Q110591749 | Q110591749 |
Q115344342 | Q115344342 |
Q115399224 | Q115399224 |
Q97718093 | Q97718093 |
Q97760463 | Q97760463 |
Q97761205 | Q97761205 |
Q97761206 | Q97761206 |
Q98436713 | Q98436713 |
Q98753481 | Q98753481 |
Q98754332 | Q98754332 |
Q99769519 | Q99769519 |
uri / http://www.wikidata.org/entity/L461778-S1 | L461778-S1 |
uri / http://www.wikidata.org/entity/L469046-S1 | L469046-S1 |
Q115705976 | Q115705976 |
Q97756440 | Q97756440 |
Q99294495 | Q99294495 |
Q99297339 | Q99297339 |
Q99308857 | Q99308857 |
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Q124354101 | Labos 1point5 | named after | P138 |
Q3835939 | fossil fuels lobby | participant in | P1344 |
Q61888587 | Protest action with the paris agreement at the BUND office Berlin | advertises | P6291 |
Q98121113 | Q98121113 | has cause | P828 |
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