Mini-review: Strategies for Variation and Evolution of Bacterial Antigens

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Mini-review: Strategies for Variation and Evolution of Bacterial Antigens is …
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P356DOI10.1016/J.CSBJ.2015.07.002
P3181OpenCitations bibliographic resource ID3066840
P932PMC publication ID4534519
P698PubMed publication ID26288700
P5875ResearchGate publication ID281140829

P2093author name stringJanet Foley
P2860cites workComparative genomics of emerging human ehrlichiosis agentsQ21563469
Phylogenomics of the reproductive parasite Wolbachia pipientis wMel: a streamlined genome overrun by mobile genetic elementsQ21563646
The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitaliumQ22065573
Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteinsQ22066392
The Clinical Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of AmericaQ22242935
Molecular biology and pathogenicity of mycoplasmasQ24548575
Accelerated evolution and Muller's rachet in endosymbiotic bacteriaQ24568178
Antigenic variation in vector-borne pathogensQ24647491
Spirochaetal lipoproteins and pathogenesisQ24648165
Role of factor H binding protein in Neisseria meningitidis virulence and its potential as a vaccine candidate to broadly protect against meningococcal diseaseQ26995760
Microbial antigenic variation mediated by homologous DNA recombinationQ27009515
Crystal structure of Lyme disease variable surface antigen VlsE of Borrelia burgdorferiQ27638660
A bacterial genome in flux: the twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferiQ28144621
Antigenic variation in Lyme disease borreliae by promiscuous recombination of VMP-like sequence cassettesQ28235330
Genomic changes following host restriction in bacteriaQ29039035
How clonal are bacteria?Q29618572
Investigation of the genes involved in antigenic switching at the vlsE locus in Borrelia burgdorferi: an essential role for the RuvAB branch migraseQ30973496
Antigen polymorphism in Borrelia hermsii, a clonal pathogenic bacteriumQ31032465
Inactivation of genes for antigenic variation in the relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii reduces infectivity in mice and transmission by ticksQ31157302
Treponema pallidum major sheath protein homologue Tpr K is a target of opsonic antibody and the protective immune response.Q31904771
A specific primed immune response in Drosophila is dependent on phagocytesQ33277903
The Mycoplasma pneumoniae MPN229 gene encodes a protein that selectively binds single-stranded DNA and stimulates Recombinase A-mediated DNA strand exchangeQ33373522
Detailed analysis of sequence changes occurring during vlsE antigenic variation in the mouse model of Borrelia burgdorferi infectionQ33408773
Antigen diversity in the parasitic bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum arises from selectively-represented, spatially clustered functional pseudogenesQ33519059
Variant-specific and diminishing immune responses towards the highly variable MSP2(P44) outer membrane protein of Anaplasma phagocytophilum during persistent infection in lambsQ33625895
Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding the major surface protein of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientisQ33729938
Juxtaposition of expressed variable antigen genes with a conserved telomere in the bacterium Borrelia hermsiiQ33736067
Immunodominant major outer membrane proteins of Ehrlichia chaffeensis are encoded by a polymorphic multigene family.Q33747788
Kinetics and in vivo induction of genetic variation of vlsE in Borrelia burgdorferiQ33757680
Genetic variation of the Borrelia burgdorferi gene vlsE involves cassette-specific, segmental gene conversionQ33757693
Outer membrane ultrastructure explains the limited antigenicity of virulent Treponema pallidumQ33845325
The Mycoplasma pneumoniae MPN490 and Mycoplasma genitalium MG339 genes encode reca homologs that promote homologous DNA strand exchange.Q41815756
Selection for simple major surface protein 2 variants during Anaplasma marginale transmission to immunologically naïve animalsQ41841483
Mismatch correction modulates mutation frequency and pilus phase and antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeQ41849601
An alternative DNA structure is necessary for pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeQ42081550
The map1 gene of Cowdria ruminantium is a member of a multigene family containing both conserved and variable genesQ42599088
Gene conversion: a mechanism for generation of heterogeneity in the tprK gene of Treponema pallidum during infectionQ42628964
Mechanism of antigenic variation in Mycoplasma pulmonis: interwoven, site-specific DNA inversionsQ42638983
Antigenic variation of gonococcal pilin expression in vivo: analysis of the strain FA1090 pilin repertoire and identification of the pilS gene copies recombining with pilE during experimental human infectionQ43562813
Host-symbiont conflicts: positive selection on an outer membrane protein of parasitic but not mutualistic RickettsiaceaeQ44278865
Anaplasma phagocytophilummajor surface protein-2 (Msp2) forms multimeric complexes in the bacterial membraneQ44638944
Phase variation of gonococcal protein II: regulation of gene expression by slipped-strand mispairing of a repetitive DNA sequence.Q44667019
Widespread recombination throughout Wolbachia genomesQ45886468
Different rates of nucleotide substitutions in Wolbachia endosymbionts of arthropods and nematodes: arms race or host shifts?Q45887351
Co-phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and its vectors, Ixodes spp. ticksQ46434113
Size and genomic location of the pMGA multigene family of Mycoplasma gallisepticumQ47330757
Characterization of a major outer membrane protein multigene family in Ehrlichia ruminantium.Q47756536
Bloodstream- versus tick-associated variants of a relapsing fever bacteriumQ47956003
mgpB and mgpC sequence diversity in Mycoplasma genitalium is generated by segmental reciprocal recombination with repetitive chromosomal sequencesQ48077493
Microevolution within a clonal population of pathogenic bacteria: recombination, gene duplication and horizontal genetic exchange in the opa gene family of Neisseria meningitidisQ48083959
Opacity determinants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gene expression and chromosomal linkage to the gonococcal pilus geneQ48390309
Evolution and phylogeny of Wolbachia : reproductive parasites of arthropodsQ52537759
Reassortment of pilin genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae occurs by two distinct mechanismsQ56984407
The vlhA loci of Mycoplasma synoviae are confined to a restricted region of the genomeQ60998436
The Oslo study of untreated syphilis; an epidemiologic investigation of the natural course of the syphilitic infection based upon a re-study of the Boeck-Bruusgaard materialQ73951518
Comparative whole-genome analyses reveal over 100 putative phase-variable genes in the pathogenic Neisseria sppQ74339153
Antigenic and genomic homogeneity of successive Mycoplasma hominis isolatesQ77758418
Homologous recombination and the pattern of nucleotide substitution in Ehrlichia ruminantiumQ79148469
The role of VlsE antigenic variation in the Lyme disease spirochete: persistence through a mechanism that differs from other pathogensQ80832075
Antigenic variation in the persistence and transmission of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginaleQ33878644
Mosaic nature of the wolbachia surface protein.Q33937281
Identification of a new variable sequence in the P1 cytadhesin gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: evidence for the generation of antigenic variation by DNA recombination between repetitive sequencesQ34001737
The tprK gene is heterogeneous among Treponema pallidum strains and has multiple allelesQ34003322
Analysis of transcriptionally active gene clusters of major outer membrane protein multigene family in Ehrlichia canis and E. chaffeensisQ34006679
Characterization of a multigene family undergoing high-frequency DNA rearrangements and coding for abundant variable surface proteins in Mycoplasma agalactiaeQ34007669
Mutator clones of Neisseria meningitidis in epidemic serogroup A diseaseQ34028018
Antigenic variation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis resulting from differential expression of the 28-kilodalton protein gene family.Q34120937
Evidence that the variable regions of the central domain of VlsE are antigenic during infection with lyme disease spirochetesQ34127718
Opacity genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: control of phase and antigenic variationQ34165696
The simple sequence contingency loci of Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidisQ34187179
Analysis of involvement of the RecF pathway in p44 recombination in Anaplasma phagocytophilum and in Escherichia coli by using a plasmid carrying the p44 expression and p44 donor lociQ34492605
Comparative genomic analysis of three strains of Ehrlichia ruminantium reveals an active process of genome size plasticityQ34514275
Antigenic variation by Borrelia hermsii occurs through recombination between extragenic repetitive elements on linear plasmidsQ34541435
Antigenic variation in Treponema pallidum: TprK sequence diversity accumulates in response to immune pressure during experimental syphilis.Q34589433
Antigenic variation of TprK facilitates development of secondary syphilisQ34595868
Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and Neisseria meningitidisQ34644525
Telomere resolution in the Lyme disease spirocheteQ34769613
Surveillance for Lyme disease--United States, 1992-2006.Q34843047
Antigenic composition of Borrelia burgdorferi during infection of SCID miceQ35012076
Pathogen escape from host immunity by a genome program for antigenic variationQ35129508
The absence of linear plasmid 25 or 28-1 of Borrelia burgdorferi dramatically alters the kinetics of experimental infection via distinct mechanismsQ35165125
Neisseria gonorrhoeae MutS affects pilin antigenic variation through mismatch correction and not by pilE guanine quartet bindingQ35474392
Recombination, repair and replication in the pathogenic Neisseriae: the 3 R′s of molecular genetics of two human‐specific bacterial pathogensQ35542436
Evaluation of the Importance of VlsE Antigenic Variation for the Enzootic Cycle of Borrelia burgdorferiQ35609906
Wolbachia pipientis: intracellular infection and pathogenesis in DrosophilaQ35703051
Ecology of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in the western United StatesQ35842221
'Nothing is permanent but change'- antigenic variation in persistent bacterial pathogensQ35968220
Cloning of the recA gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and construction of gonococcal recA mutantsQ36229108
Mycoplasma genitalium: an efficient strategy to generate genetic variation from a minimal genomeQ36317299
Intra-strain heterogeneity of gonococcal pili is related to opacity colony varianceQ36343444
Antigenic variation of Borrelia hermsiiQ36347079
Within-host dynamics of antigenic variationQ36388223
Genetic and antigenic diversities of major immunoreactive proteins in globally distributed Ehrlichia canis strainsQ36746952
Superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogensQ36883102
Common strategies for antigenic variation by bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogensQ36913862
Tandem insertion sequence-like elements define the expression site for variable antigen genes of Borrelia hermsiiQ36960162
Role of phenotypic diversity in pathogenesis of avian mycoplasmosis.Q36997784
The frequency and rate of pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeQ37131879
Detection and quantitation of Anaplasma marginale in carrier cattle by using a nucleic acid probe.Q37168646
Generation of antigenic variants via gene conversion: Evidence for recombination fitness selection at the locus level in Anaplasma marginaleQ37274821
Pilin gene variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: reassessing the old paradigmsQ37367366
Phase and antigenic variation in mycoplasmas.Q37772891
Mycoplasma genitalium infection and persistence in a cohort of female sex workers in Nairobi, KenyaQ37861552
Variation of the factor H-binding protein of Neisseria meningitidisQ38350786
Antigenic variation with a twist--the Borrelia storyQ38437223
Emergence of Anaplasma marginale antigenic variants during persistent rickettsemia.Q39512700
Antigenic variation of Anaplasma marginale by expression of MSP2 mosaicsQ39516711
Expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 variants during persistent cyclic rickettsemia.Q39570404
Genomic repeats, genome plasticity and the dynamics of Mycoplasma evolutionQ39600720
Characterization of the complete transcriptionally active ehrlichia chaffeensis 28 kDa outer membrane protein multigene familyQ39619644
Immunobiology of relapsing feverQ39665833
Characterization of a novel antisense RNA in the major pilin locus of Neisseria meningitidis influencing antigenic variationQ39768476
Arthritis severity and spirochete burden are determined by serotype in the Borrelia turicatae-mouse model of Lyme diseaseQ39827219
Sequence divergence in the ORF6 gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniaQ39897718
Intragenic recombination and a chimeric outer membrane protein in the relapsing fever agent Borrelia hermsiiQ39928141
Sequence diversity of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum tprK in human syphilis lesions and rabbit-propagated isolates.Q39981892
Simultaneous Variation of the Immunodominant Outer Membrane Proteins, MSP2 and MSP3, during Anaplasma marginale Persistence In VivoQ39982378
The resolution of relapsing fever borreliosis requires IgM and is concurrent with expansion of B1b lymphocytesQ40563200
Adaptive evolution of highly mutable loci in pathogenic bacteriaQ40629814
Activation of a vmp pseudogene in Borrella hermsii: an alternate mechanism of antigenic variation during relapsing feverQ40698508
Subtelomeric expression regions of Borrelia hermsii linear plasmids are highly polymorphic.Q40726964
Variable antigen genes of the relapsing fever agent Borrelia hermsii are activated by promoter additionQ40751880
Structure of the expression site reveals global diversity in MSP2 (P44) variants in Anaplasma phagocytophilumQ40952403
Mycoplasma genitalium P140 and P110 cytadhesins are reciprocally stabilized and required for cell adhesion and terminal-organelle developmentQ41064221
Molecular biology of mycoplasmasQ41199508
The extended promoters for two outer membrane lipoprotein genes of Borrelia spp. uniquely include a T-rich region.Q41680069
P407language of work or nameEnglishQ1860
P921main subjectbacterial evolutionQ115395667
P304page(s)407-16
P577publication date2015-01-01
P1433published inComputational and Structural Biotechnology JournalQ19865804
P1476titleMini-review: Strategies for Variation and Evolution of Bacterial Antigens
P478volume13

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