| P50 | author | Linda R. Watkins | Q4291013 |
| | Peter M. Grace | Q42415682 |
| | Mark R. Hutchinson | Q42967461 |
| P2093 | author name string | Kenner C Rice | |
| | Steven F Maier | |
| | Yehuda Shavit | |
| P2860 | cites work | Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene | Q22299417 |
| | Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist Eritoran | Q24292781 |
| | kappa opioid receptors in human microglia downregulate human immunodeficiency virus 1 expression | Q24315852 |
| | Mu and kappa opioid receptors activate ERK/MAPK via different protein kinase C isoforms and secondary messengers in astrocytes | Q24540292 |
| | Stereospecific Binding of the Potent Narcotic Analgesic [ 3 H]Etorphine to Rat-Brain Homogenate | Q24564253 |
| | Evidence that tricyclic small molecules may possess toll-like receptor and myeloid differentiation protein 2 activity | Q24612607 |
| | Stereospecific and Nonspecific Interactions of the Morphine Congener Levorphanol in Subcellular Fractions of Mouse Brain | Q24617460 |
| | An IL-1 receptor antagonist blocks a morphine-induced attenuation of locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury | Q24634101 |
| | Kappa opioids promote the proliferation of astrocytes via Gbetagamma and beta-arrestin 2-dependent MAPK-mediated pathways | Q24643003 |
| | Pathological and protective roles of glia in chronic pain | Q24646738 |
| | The "toll" of opioid-induced glial activation: improving the clinical efficacy of opioids by targeting glia | Q24650739 |
| | Proinflammatory cytokines oppose opioid-induced acute and chronic analgesia | Q24650758 |
| | Pathogen induction of CXCR4/TLR2 cross-talk impairs host defense function | Q24652536 |
| | Evidence that intrathecal morphine-3-glucuronide may cause pain enhancement via toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 and interleukin-1beta | Q24656645 |
| | Sciatic nerve ligation-induced proliferation of spinal cord astrocytes is mediated by kappa opioid activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase | Q24683304 |
| | Kappa opioid receptor activation of p38 MAPK is GRK3- and arrestin-dependent in neurons and astrocytes | Q24685424 |
| | Spinal glia and chronic pain | Q26206213 |
| | Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo | Q27860578 |
| | Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product | Q28141458 |
| | P2X4 receptors induced in spinal microglia gate tactile allodynia after nerve injury | Q28201682 |
| | Cloning of a delta opioid receptor by functional expression | Q28213132 |
| | Disruption of the P2X7 purinoceptor gene abolishes chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain | Q28240653 |
| | Differential regulation of AMPA receptor and GABA receptor trafficking by tumor necrosis factor-alpha | Q28241574 |
| | Interleukin-1 antagonizes morphine analgesia and underlies morphine tolerance | Q28245660 |
| | Mechanisms underlying morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence | Q28246879 |
| | Mechanism of allodynia evoked by intrathecal morphine-3-glucuronide in mice | Q28252169 |
| | Tissue distribution of the P2X7 receptor | Q28254153 |
| | Evidence that opioids may have toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2 effects | Q28254885 |
| | Ultra-low dose naloxone upregulates interleukin-10 expression and suppresses neuroinflammation in morphine-tolerant rat spinal cords | Q28260254 |
| | Possible involvement of toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 activity of opioid inactive isomers causes spinal proinflammation and related behavioral consequences | Q28274052 |
| | The satellite cells of the sensory ganglia | Q28276878 |
| | Opioid-receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: anatomical and functional implications | Q28287619 |
| | Non-stereoselective reversal of neuropathic pain by naloxone and naltrexone: involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) | Q28288846 |
| | Etanercept Restores the Antinociceptive Effect of Morphine and Suppresses Spinal Neuroinflammation in Morphine-Tolerant Rats | Q28298535 |
| | Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: a qualitative systematic review | Q28299687 |
| | Studies in the (+)-morphinan series. 5. Synthesis and biological properties of (+)-naloxone | Q28321804 |
| | Methadone enhances human immunodeficiency virus infection of human immune cells | Q28344125 |
| | Morphine exacerbates HIV-1 Tat-induced cytokine production in astrocytes through convergent effects on [Ca(2+)](i), NF-kappaB trafficking and transcription | Q28474433 |
| | Impaired neuropathic pain responses in mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR2 | Q28505948 |
| | Toll-like receptor 3 contributes to spinal glial activation and tactile allodynia after nerve injury | Q28567414 |
| | Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha | Q28570361 |
| | Expression of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, during acute and chronic inflammation in the rodent CNS | Q28570630 |
| | Morphine induces the release of CCL5 from astrocytes: potential neuroprotective mechanism against the HIV protein gp120 | Q28570764 |
| | Counter-regulation of opioid analgesia by glial-derived bioactive sphingolipids | Q34399068 |
| | Prevention of cocaine-induced hyperactivity by a naloxone isomer with no opiate antagonist activity | Q34399527 |
| | Antianalgesia: stereoselective action of dextro-morphine over levo-morphine on glia in the mouse spinal cord | Q34419814 |
| | Prostaglandin E2 release evoked by intrathecal dynorphin is dependent on spinal p38 mitogen activated protein kinase | Q34452760 |
| | Dextro-naloxone counteracts amphetamine-induced hyperactivity | Q34457608 |
| | CI988, a selective antagonist of cholecystokininB receptors, prevents morphine tolerance in the rat | Q34466681 |
| | Essential role of toll-like receptor 2 in morphine-induced microglia activation in mice | Q34478755 |
| | Adverse effects of systemic opioid analgesics | Q34538822 |
| | dextro-Naloxone or levo-naloxone reverses the attenuation of morphine antinociception induced by lipopolysaccharide in the mouse spinal cord via a non-opioid mechanism | Q34581204 |
| | Exploring the opioid system by gene knockout | Q34641459 |
| | Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain | Q34693537 |
| | Role of nitric oxide in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. | Q34699707 |
| | The opioid-cytokine connection | Q34747504 |
| | Opioid pharmacology | Q34774657 |
| | Up-regulation of P2X4 receptors in spinal microglia after peripheral nerve injury mediates BDNF release and neuropathic pain. | Q34868702 |
| | Blood brain barrier compromise with endothelial inflammation may lead to autoimmune loss of myelin during multiple sclerosis | Q34980974 |
| | Preferential vulnerability of astroglia and glial precursors to combined opioid and HIV-1 Tat exposure in vitro. | Q35009483 |
| | Morphine enhances Tat-induced activation in murine microglia. | Q35063629 |
| | mu-Opioid receptor-induced Ca2+ mobilization and astroglial development: morphine inhibits DNA synthesis and stimulates cellular hypertrophy through a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism | Q35112431 |
| | The management of persistent pain. | Q35117114 |
| | Induction of pain facilitation by sustained opioid exposure: relationship to opioid antinociceptive tolerance | Q35152165 |
| | Morphine stimulates CCL2 production by human neurons | Q35238188 |
| | Glia: a novel drug discovery target for clinical pain | Q35600013 |
| | Inhibition of EGF-induced ERK/MAP kinase-mediated astrocyte proliferation by mu opioids: integration of G protein and beta-arrestin 2-dependent pathways | Q35609910 |
| | Neuroimmune activation and neuroinflammation in chronic pain and opioid tolerance/hyperalgesia | Q35677224 |
| | Cytokine function of heat shock proteins | Q35682849 |
| | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 reverses the antianalgesia induced by dextro-morphine or morphine in the mouse spinal cord | Q35746379 |
| | Perioperative management of acute pain in the opioid-dependent patient | Q35819262 |
| | Antinociceptive and nociceptive actions of opioids | Q35884842 |
| | dextro-Morphine attenuates the morphine-produced conditioned place preference via the sigma(1) receptor activation in the rat. | Q35920289 |
| | Involvement of glial glutamate transporters in morphine dependence | Q35948572 |
| | The chemokine CX3CL1/fractalkine interferes with the antinociceptive effect induced by opioid agonists in the periaqueductal grey of rats | Q35966430 |
| | Purines and pain mechanisms: recent developments. | Q36021980 |
| | Underlying mechanisms of pronociceptive consequences of prolonged morphine exposure | Q36082626 |
| | Morphine tolerance attenuates the resolution of postoperative pain and enhances spinal microglial p38 and extracellular receptor kinase phosphorylation | Q33996310 |
| | Toll-like receptor 4 in CNS pathologies | Q34018705 |
| | Spinal upregulation of glutamate transporter GLT-1 by ceftriaxone: therapeutic efficacy in a range of experimental nervous system disorders | Q34054207 |
| | Intrathecal siRNA against Toll-like receptor 4 reduces nociception in a rat model of neuropathic pain | Q34061948 |
| | Inhibition of microglial P2X4 receptors attenuates morphine tolerance, Iba1, GFAP and mu opioid receptor protein expression while enhancing perivascular microglial ED2. | Q34065061 |
| | Heterologous desensitization of opioid receptors by chemokines inhibits chemotaxis and enhances the perception of pain | Q34074221 |
| | Glia: the many ways to modulate synaptic plasticity | Q34101424 |
| | PTI-609: a novel analgesic that binds filamin A to control opioid signaling | Q34132367 |
| | Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity | Q34134593 |
| | Inhibition by naloxone stereoisomers of beta-amyloid peptide (1-42)-induced superoxide production in microglia and degeneration of cortical and mesencephalic neurons | Q34144951 |
| | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 and p38 MAPK are required for opioid-induced microglia apoptosis | Q34158930 |
| | Bidirectional heterologous desensitization of opioid and chemokine receptors | Q34194750 |
| | Alterations of CXCR4 function in μ-opioid receptor-deficient glia | Q34209473 |
| | Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue | Q34216480 |
| | Stereospecific interaction between narcotic analgesics and a synaptic plasm a membrane fraction of rat cerebral cortex | Q34218925 |
| | Microglial Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to kainic acid-induced glial activation and hippocampal neuronal cell death. | Q34385761 |
| | The influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha -308 G/A and IL-6 -174 G/C on pain and analgesia response in lung cancer patients receiving supportive care | Q36100531 |
| | Are chemokines the third major system in the brain? | Q36276611 |
| | Is paradoxical pain induced by sustained opioid exposure an underlying mechanism of opioid antinociceptive tolerance? | Q36281900 |
| | Glia: novel counter-regulators of opioid analgesia | Q36295741 |
| | Opiates transdeactivate chemokine receptors: delta and mu opiate receptor-mediated heterologous desensitization. | Q36401415 |
| | Opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity | Q36405690 |
| | Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling | Q36409590 |
| | Trigeminal nociceptors express TLR-4 and CD14: a mechanism for pain due to infection | Q36430864 |
| | The tetrapartite synapse: path to CNS sensitization and chronic pain | Q36431745 |
| | "Listening" and "talking" to neurons: implications of immune activation for pain control and increasing the efficacy of opioids | Q36464466 |
| | Neurotransmitters in Nociceptive Modulatory Circuits | Q36495412 |
| | Purinoceptors in microglia and neuropathic pain | Q36503400 |
| | Serotonin immunoreactivity is contained in one physiological cell class in the rat rostral ventromedial medulla | Q36674165 |
| | Norman Cousins Lecture. Glia as the "bad guys": implications for improving clinical pain control and the clinical utility of opioids | Q36686688 |
| | Innate immune sensing of pathogens and danger signals by cell surface Toll-like receptors | Q36726933 |
| | Cellular neuroadaptations to chronic opioids: tolerance, withdrawal and addiction | Q36741881 |
| | Opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia | Q36744797 |
| | Glial growth is regulated by agonists selective for multiple opioid receptor types in vitro | Q36758842 |
| | Neuroinflammation and regulation of glial glutamate uptake in neurological disorders | Q36819684 |
| | Nonconventional opioid binding sites mediate growth inhibitory effects of methadone on human lung cancer cells | Q36825660 |
| | Morphine alters astrocyte growth in primary cultures of mouse glial cells: evidence for a direct effect of opiates on neural maturation | Q36857382 |
| | An update on the role of opioids in the management of chronic pain of nonmalignant origin | Q36943573 |
| | Dynorphins modulate DNA synthesis in fetal brain cell aggregates | Q36968263 |
| | The neuropathic pain triad: neurons, immune cells and glia | Q36983677 |
| | Toll-like receptor-4 mediates neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide and the membrane lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal | Q37003216 |
| | Nitric oxide-proton stimulation of trigeminal ganglion neurons increases mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatase expression in neurons and satellite glial cells | Q37097769 |
| | Lipophilicity is a critical parameter that dominates the efficacy of metalloporphyrins in blocking the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance through peroxynitrite-mediated pathways | Q37131042 |
| | Reduction of opioid withdrawal and potentiation of acute opioid analgesia by systemic AV411 (ibudilast) | Q37143300 |
| | Glia in pathological pain: a role for fractalkine | Q37189198 |
| | Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence | Q37198520 |
| | Neuroimmune interactions and pain: focus on glial-modulating targets | Q37207178 |
| | Modulation of microglia can attenuate neuropathic pain symptoms and enhance morphine effectiveness | Q37214285 |
| | Chemokines and pain mechanisms. | Q37215729 |
| | Therapeutic targets in prostaglandin E2 signaling for neurologic disease. | Q37221356 |
| | Morphine induces apoptosis of human microglia and neurons | Q43996588 |
| | Time-dependent descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains, but does not initiate, neuropathic pain. | Q44037083 |
| | Neurons with mu opioid receptors interact indirectly with enkephalin-containing neurons in the rat dentate gyrus | Q44046952 |
| | Cocaine modulates mu-opioid receptor mRNA but not c-fos mRNA levels in primary cortical astrocytes | Q44071791 |
| | Chronic morphine induces downregulation of spinal glutamate transporters: implications in morphine tolerance and abnormal pain sensitivity. | Q44132630 |
| | Nitric oxide synergistically potentiates interleukin-1 beta-induced increase of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA levels, resulting in the facilitation of substance P release from primary afferent neurons: involvement of cGMP-independent mechanisms | Q44182709 |
| | The role of spinal neuroimmune activation in morphine tolerance/hyperalgesia in neuropathic and sham-operated rats. | Q44213523 |
| | Autoradiography of opioid and ORL1 ligands in opioid receptor triple knockout mice | Q44216011 |
| | U50,488 inhibits HIV-1 Tat-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) production by human astrocytes | Q44243149 |
| | Spinal glia and proinflammatory cytokines mediate mirror-image neuropathic pain in rats. | Q44306964 |
| | The analgesic effects of supraspinal mu and delta opioid receptor agonists are potentiated during persistent inflammation. | Q44330109 |
| | Down-regulation of mu-opioid receptor expression in rat oligodendrocytes during their development in vitro | Q44330825 |
| | Regulation of nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of neurofilament proteins in the prefrontal cortex of human opioid addicts | Q44332350 |
| | Differential expression of delta opioid receptors and mRNA in proliferating astrocytes during the cell cycle | Q44332678 |
| | Dynorphin promotes abnormal pain and spinal opioid antinociceptive tolerance. | Q44333127 |
| | Postsynaptic and extrasynaptic localization of kappa-opioid receptor in selected brain areas of young rat and chick using an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. | Q44333560 |
| | Ultrastructural localization of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in mu-opioid receptor patches of the rat Caudate putamen nucleus. | Q44334367 |
| | Nociception increases during opioid infusion in opioid receptor triple knock-out mice | Q44335201 |
| | Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity is inhibited by morphine through an opioid receptor-independent reduction of NADPH oxidase activity. | Q44335682 |
| | Characterization of opioid-dependent glial development in dissociated and organotypic cultures of mouse central nervous system: critical periods and target specificity | Q44335826 |
| | Disinhibition of off-cells and antinociception produced by an opioid action within the rostral ventromedial medulla | Q44336277 |
| | Identification of opioid peptides regulating proliferation of neurons and glia in the developing nervous system | Q44337245 |
| | Inhibitory actions of delta 1-, delta 2-, and mu-opioid receptor agonists on excitatory transmission in lamina II neurons of adult rat spinal cord. | Q44337721 |
| | Expression of mu opioid receptor mRNA in rat brain: an in situ hybridization study at the single cell level | Q44337884 |
| | mu-Opioid agonists inhibit spinal trigeminal substantia gelatinosa neurons in guinea pig and rat. | Q44338354 |
| | mu-Opioid agonists inhibit the enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) responses in inflammatory activated astrocytes co-cultured with brain endothelial cells | Q44339738 |
| | Interleukin-1 beta-mediated regulation of mu-opioid receptor mRNA in primary astrocyte-enriched cultures. | Q44340837 |
| | Mu- and delta-opioid receptor antagonists decrease proliferation and increase neurogenesis in cultures of rat adult hippocampal progenitors | Q44341038 |
| | Hyperalgesia in opioid-managed chronic pain and opioid-dependent patients | Q44341046 |
| | Arylacetamide-derived fluorescent probes: synthesis, biological evaluation, and direct fluorescent labeling of kappa opioid receptors in mouse microglial cells | Q44341805 |
| | Primary astroglial cultures derived from several rat brain regions differentially express mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor mRNA. | Q44342405 |
| | Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of mu-opioid receptors in rat nucleus accumbens: extrasynaptic plasmalemmal distribution and association with Leu5-enkephalin | Q44342440 |
| | Morphine-6beta-glucuronide rapidly increases pain sensitivity independently of opioid receptor activity in mice and humans | Q44342770 |
| | Acute and chronic fentanyl administration causes hyperalgesia independently of opioid receptor activity in mice | Q44343189 |
| | Mu opioid transactivation and down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytes: implications for mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling | Q44343749 |
| | Cellular and subcellular localization of delta opioid receptor immunoreactivity in the rat dentate gyrus | Q44344445 |
| | Opioid antagonists in the periaqueductal gray inhibit morphine and beta-endorphin analgesia elicited from the amygdala of rats | Q44344755 |
| | Kappa opioid receptors in rat spinal cord: sex-linked distribution differences | Q44344857 |
| | mu-Opioid receptor activation enhances DNA synthesis in immature oligodendrocytes | Q44344872 |
| | Proinflammatory chemokines, such as C-C chemokine ligand 3, desensitize mu-opioid receptors on dorsal root ganglia neurons | Q44345806 |
| | Evidence for a kappa-opioid receptor on pituitary astrocytes: an autoradiographic study | Q44346068 |
| | Spinally administered dynorphin A produces long-lasting allodynia: involvement of NMDA but not opioid receptors | Q44346647 |
| | Dual ultrastructural immunocytochemical labeling of mu and delta opioid receptors in the superficial layers of the rat cervical spinal cord | Q44347864 |
| | Antinociception following opioid stimulation of the basolateral amygdala is expressed through the periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla. | Q44347958 |
| | Opioids and non-opioid enantiomers selectively attenuate N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity on cortical neurons | Q44348265 |
| | Endogenous opioid system in developing normal and jimpy oligodendrocytes: mu and kappa opioid receptors mediate differential mitogenic and growth responses | Q44348322 |
| | Delta-opioid receptors on astroglial cells in primary culture: mobilization of intracellular free calcium via a pertussis sensitive G protein. | Q44349452 |
| | Opioids and abnormal pain perception: New evidence from a study of chronic opioid addicts and healthy subjects | Q44350713 |
| | Delta-opioid receptor immunoreactivity on astrocytes is upregulated during mitosis | Q44351369 |
| | mu-Opioid receptor internalization-dependent and -independent mechanisms of the development of tolerance to mu-opioid receptor agonists: Comparison between etorphine and morphine | Q44351638 |
| | Morphine suppresses DNA synthesis in cultured murine astrocytes from cortex, hippocampus and striatum | Q48249811 |
| | Neuroprotection of naloxone against ischemic injury in rats: role of mu receptor antagonism | Q48263384 |
| | Effects of General Anesthetics on Intercellular Communications Mediated by Gap Junctions between Astrocytes in Primary Culture | Q48300119 |
| | Receptor-activated Ca2+ increases in vibrodissociated cortical astrocytes: a nonenzymatic method for acute isolation of astrocytes | Q48348647 |
| | Yohimbine prevents morphine-induced changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein in brainstem and alpha2-adrenoceptor gene expression in hippocampus. | Q48360098 |
| | Changes in evoked potentials and amino acid content during fluorocitrate action studied in rat hippocampal cortex | Q48389218 |
| | Endothelial activation is an intermediate step for peripheral lipopolysaccharide induced activation of paraventricular nucleus | Q48392140 |
| | Characterization of [3H]morphine binding to interleukin-1-activated thymocytes | Q48416624 |
| | Retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase from spinal cord to brain stem cell groups in the cat. | Q48450755 |
| | Uptake into brain proteins of 35S-methionine during morphine tolerance | Q48473044 |
| | Spinal nerve lesion alters blood-spinal cord barrier function and activates astrocytes in the rat. | Q48484605 |
| | Descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains visceral pain in rats with experimental pancreatitis | Q48505085 |
| | Selective inhibition of glial cell metabolism in vivo by fluorocitrate | Q48506025 |
| | Role of spleen or spleen products in the deficiency in morphine-induced analgesia in diabetic mice | Q48506196 |
| | Amino acid incorporation during morphine intoxication. I: Dose and time effects of morphine on protein synthesis in specific regions of the rat brain and in astroglia-enriched primary cultures | Q48541072 |
| | Microglia serve as a neuroimmune substrate for stress-induced potentiation of CNS pro-inflammatory cytokine responses | Q48562222 |
| | Localization of opiate receptor binding in synaptic membranes of rat brain | Q48564013 |
| | Functional characterization of substance P receptors on cultured human spinal cord astrocytes: synergism of substance P with cytokines in inducing interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 production | Q48616401 |
| | Mu and delta opiate receptors in neuronal and astroglial primary cultures from various regions of the brain--coupling with adenylate cyclase, localisation on the same neurones and association with dopamine (D1) receptor adenylate cyclase | Q48636546 |
| | Biphasic modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission from the medullary raphe nuclei in the rat. | Q48642326 |
| | Evidence for the involvement of spinal cord glia in subcutaneous formalin induced hyperalgesia in the rat. | Q48669985 |
| | Inhibition of swine microglial cell phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by femtomolar concentrations of morphine. | Q48761994 |
| | Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and cytokine production by ultralow concentrations of dynorphins in mixed glia cultures | Q48821941 |
| | Incorporation of3H-valine into soluble protein of cultivated astroglial cells after morphine treatment | Q48842369 |
| | Enhanced descending modulation of nociception in rats with persistent hindpaw inflammation | Q48876770 |
| | Purification and reconstitution of the sodium- and potassium-coupled glutamate transport glycoprotein from rat brain | Q48932666 |
| | Spinal projections from the periaqueductal grey and dorsal raphe in the rat, cat and monkey | Q49033204 |
| | Detection of substance P and its receptor in human fetal microglia | Q49160126 |
| | Evidence that exogenous and endogenous fractalkine can induce spinal nociceptive facilitation in rats. | Q50787458 |
| | Active immunization with amyloid-beta 1-42 impairs memory performance through TLR2/4-dependent activation of the innate immune system. | Q51034182 |
| | Supraspinal cholecystokinin may drive tonic descending facilitation mechanisms to maintain neuropathic pain in the rat. | Q51383402 |
| | High dose of spinal morphine produce a nonopiate receptor-mediated hyperesthesia: clinical and theoretic implications. | Q51810379 |
| | In vitro studies of the effect of methadone on natural killer cell activity. | Q52266427 |
| | Glial fibrillary acidic protein and the mesolimbic dopamine system: regulation by chronic morphine and Lewis-Fischer strain differences in the rat ventral tegmental area. | Q52272976 |
| | Morphine stimulates phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human microglial cells: involvement of a G protein-coupled opiate receptor. | Q52274096 |
| | Supersensitivity and dependence. | Q52338160 |
| | Opioids disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis and induce carbonyl oxyradical production in mouse astrocytes in vitro: transient increases and adaptation to sustained exposure. | Q52530654 |
| | Naloxone blockade of myocardial ischemic preconditioning is stereoselective. | Q53982638 |
| | The distribution of receptors for the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in the developing human fetus. | Q54155566 |
| | Obligatory role of B cells and adherent accessory cells in the transfer of a defect in morphine-mediated antinociception in C57BL/6J-bg/bg (beige-J) mice. | Q54353770 |
| | Mu receptor binding of some commonly used opioids and their metabolites | Q55050002 |
| | Opioid-induced glial activation: mechanisms of activation and implications for opioid analgesia, dependence, and reward. | Q55179706 |
| | Expression of CCR2 in Both Resident and Bone Marrow-Derived Microglia Plays a Critical Role in Neuropathic Pain | Q56886107 |
| | Spatial and temporal relationship between monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and spinal glial activation following peripheral nerve injury | Q56886108 |
| | Reduction by naloxone of lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in mouse cortical neuron–glia co-cultures | Q57245472 |
| | Adoptive transfer of peripheral immune cells potentiates allodynia in a graded chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain | Q57824707 |
| | Reduced inflammatory and neuropathic pain and decreased spinal microglial response in fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) knockout mice | Q57898584 |
| | Hyperalgesic responses in methadone maintenance patients | Q59287129 |
| | Minocycline and pentoxifylline attenuate allodynia and hyperalgesia and potentiate the effects of morphine in rat and mouse models of neuropathic pain | Q60691204 |
| | A role for G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in mechanical allodynia | Q60777296 |
| | Nuclei within the rostral ventromedial medulla mediating morphine antinociception from the periaqueductal gray | Q39390507 |
| | Acute pain management in patients with prior opioid consumption: a case-controlled retrospective review | Q39475263 |
| | Intrathecally administered endotoxin or cytokines produce allodynia, hyperalgesia and changes in spinal cord neuronal responses to nociceptive stimuli in the rat. | Q39547001 |
| | Are astroglial cells involved in morphine tolerance? | Q39638134 |
| | Sources of variability in the sensation of pain | Q39645890 |
| | Hemagglutinin protein of wild-type measles virus activates toll-like receptor 2 signaling | Q39686635 |
| | Regulation of spinal neuroimmune responses by prolonged morphine treatment in a rat model of cancer induced bone pain | Q39736624 |
| | Blood–brain barrier disruption and enhanced vascular permeability in the multiple sclerosis model EAE | Q39838790 |
| | Morphine promotes apoptosis via TLR2, and this is negatively regulated by beta-arrestin 2. | Q39906871 |
| | Beta-funaltrexamine inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression in human astroglial cells | Q40012684 |
| | Regulation of complement component C3 in astrocytes by IL-1beta and morphine. | Q40017034 |
| | Stereospecific and Nonstereospecific Effects of (+)- and (—)-Morphine: Evidence for a New Class of Receptors? | Q40108745 |
| | P2X7-related modulation of pathological nociception in rats | Q40137437 |
| | The opioid antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine, inhibits chemokine expression in human astroglial cells | Q40138153 |
| | Evidence that an excitatory connection between the periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus mediates stimulation produced analgesia | Q40243992 |
| | Ultra-low dose naltrexone attenuates chronic morphine-induced gliosis in rats | Q40277139 |
| | Alterations in blood-brain barrier function by morphine and methamphetamine. | Q40464812 |
| | Morphine-induced chemotaxis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in microglia. | Q40472238 |
| | Modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity by acute and chronic opioid treatment in neuronal and glial cell lines. | Q40520226 |
| | Columnar organization in the midbrain periaqueductal gray: modules for emotional expression? | Q40566902 |
| | Morphine regulates gene expression of alpha- and beta-chemokines and their receptors on astroglial cells via the opioid mu receptor | Q40702376 |
| | HSP70 as endogenous stimulus of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor signal pathway | Q40751242 |
| | Physiological roles for adenosine and ATP in synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn | Q40856087 |
| | Orphanin FQ/nociceptin: a role in pain and analgesia, but so much more | Q40857019 |
| | A novel effect of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, on the production of reactive oxygen species by microglia: a study by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. | Q40883564 |
| | Nitric oxide (NO) and nociceptive processing in the spinal cord | Q40887811 |
| | Mechanisms of hyperalgesia and morphine tolerance: a current view of their possible interactions. | Q41002806 |
| | Columnar organization in the midbrain periaqueductal gray and the integration of emotional expression. | Q41091532 |
| | Molecular pharmacology of the opioid receptors. | Q41097336 |
| | kappa-opioid receptor expression defines a phenotypically distinct subpopulation of astroglia: relationship to Ca2+ mobilization, development, and the antiproliferative effect of opioids | Q41132298 |
| | Differential effects of opioids on the proliferation of a macrophage cell line, Bac 1.2F5. | Q41203621 |
| | Hyperalgesia during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from morphine is associated with increased on-cell activity in the rostral ventromedial medulla | Q41236261 |
| | Putative nociceptive modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla of the rat: firing of on- and off-cells is related to nociceptive responsiveness | Q41271300 |
| | Occurrence of the opiate alkaloid-selective mu3 receptor in mammalian microglia, astrocytes and Kupffer cells. | Q41323843 |
| | Spinal projections from the midbrain in monkey | Q41367409 |
| | The liberation of fractalkine in the dorsal horn requires microglial cathepsin S. | Q41375167 |
| | Astrocytic neurotransmitter receptors in situ and in vivo | Q41434084 |
| | Experimental mononeuropathy reduces the antinociceptive effects of morphine: implications for common intracellular mechanisms involved in morphine tolerance and neuropathic pain. | Q41652154 |
| | The glial modulatory drug AV411 attenuates mechanical allodynia in rat models of neuropathic pain | Q41771736 |
| | Spinal glial TLR4-mediated nociception and production of prostaglandin E(2) and TNF | Q41875411 |
| | Morphine and HIV-Tat increase microglial-free radical production and oxidative stress: possible role in cytokine regulation. | Q41876665 |
| | Spinal ceramide modulates the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance via peroxynitrite-mediated nitroxidative stress and neuroimmune activation | Q41887953 |
| | Intrathecal morphine attenuates recovery of function after a spinal cord injury | Q41895164 |
| | The glial activation inhibitor AV411 reduces morphine-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release | Q41902714 |
| | Supraspinal glial-neuronal interactions contribute to descending pain facilitation | Q41945316 |
| | Targeting microglial purinergic signaling to improve morphine analgesia | Q42049515 |
| | Behavioural and morphological evidence for the involvement of glial cell activation in delta opioid receptor function: implications for the development of opioid tolerance. | Q42109932 |
| | Cell-specific actions of HIV-Tat and morphine on opioid receptor expression in glia. | Q42127774 |
| | CCL5/RANTES gene deletion attenuates opioid-induced increases in glial CCL2/MCP-1 immunoreactivity and activation in HIV-1 Tat-exposed mice | Q42135420 |
| | Peripheral nerve injury and TRPV1-expressing primary afferent C-fibers cause opening of the blood-brain barrier | Q42148024 |
| | Amino acid incorporation during morphine intoxication. II: Electrophoretic separation of extracellular proteins from cerebral hemisphere slices and astroglia-enriched primary cultures | Q42229945 |
| | Physiological identification of pontomedullary serotonergic neurons in the rat. | Q42436355 |
| | Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases cytosolic calcium responses to AMPA and KCl in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons | Q42445258 |
| | Impairment of interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling reduces basal pain sensitivity in mice: genetic, pharmacological and developmental aspects. | Q42446337 |
| | Multiphasic effect of morphine on the release of substance P from rat trigeminal nucleus slices | Q42454602 |
| | Potent effect of interleukin-1 beta to evoke ATP and adenosine release from rat hippocampal slices | Q42461652 |
| | [3H]morphine binding is enhanced by IL-1-stimulated thymocyte proliferation | Q42462956 |
| | Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) distribution in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia under basal and neuropathic pain conditions | Q42466912 |
| | The contributing role of CD14 in toll-like receptor 4 dependent neuropathic pain | Q37240358 |
| | Neuron-glia crosstalk gets serious: role in pain hypersensitivity | Q37265977 |
| | Chemokines as pain mediators and modulators | Q37265981 |
| | Morphine causes rapid increases in glial activation and neuronal injury in the striatum of inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice | Q37301018 |
| | Mechanisms of transendothelial migration of leukocytes | Q37336596 |
| | Spinal matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to physical dependence on morphine in mice | Q37347626 |
| | Modulation of opioid actions by nitric oxide signaling | Q37356862 |
| | The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: 10 years of progress. | Q37374914 |
| | CD14 and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are required for fibrillar A{beta}-stimulated microglial activation. | Q37424811 |
| | Evidence for a role of heat shock protein-90 in toll like receptor 4 mediated pain enhancement in rats | Q37438107 |
| | Minocycline suppresses morphine-induced respiratory depression, suppresses morphine-induced reward, and enhances systemic morphine-induced analgesia | Q37438487 |
| | Regulation of innate immune responses in the brain | Q37492253 |
| | Central nervous system mechanisms of analgesia | Q37518923 |
| | Do opioids induce hyperalgesia in humans? An evidence-based structured review | Q37548797 |
| | Structural basis of pattern recognition by innate immune molecules | Q37607226 |
| | The role of Toll-like receptors in perinatal brain injury | Q37640536 |
| | Microglia: biology and pathology | Q37655575 |
| | Beta-endorphin: cytokine and neuropeptide | Q37745385 |
| | Brainstem Control of Spinal Pain-Transmission Neurons | Q37762095 |
| | Axon-oligodendrocyte interactions during developmental myelination, demyelination and repair | Q37762842 |
| | Glial cells in neuronal network function | Q37770178 |
| | Astrocyte heterogeneity: an underappreciated topic in neurobiology | Q37775248 |
| | Propentofylline: Glial Modulation, Neuroprotection, and Alleviation of Chronic Pain | Q37791043 |
| | The neuro-immune balance in neuropathic pain: involvement of inflammatory immune cells, immune-like glial cells and cytokines | Q37792573 |
| | Targeting astrocyte signaling for chronic pain | Q37794396 |
| | Changing face of microglia | Q37807203 |
| | Inflammasomes: current understanding and open questions | Q37808975 |
| | Microenvironment of the peripheral nervous system under normal and pathological conditions | Q37891862 |
| | Narcotic analgetics: CNS sites and mechanisms of action as revealed by intracerebral injection techniques | Q38268786 |
| | CCL2 is a key mediator of microglia activation in neuropathic pain states | Q38500555 |
| | Opioid peptides and opioid receptors in cells of the immune system | Q39222376 |
| | Glial TLR4 receptor as new target to treat neuropathic pain: efficacy of a new receptor antagonist in a model of peripheral nerve injury in mice. | Q39317312 |
| | Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase antagonizes morphine antinociceptive tolerance by decreasing activation of p38 MAPK in the spinal microglia | Q28572275 |
| | Tibia tumor-induced cancer pain involves spinal p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation via TLR4-dependent mechanisms | Q28572944 |
| | Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia | Q28573077 |
| | Morphine enhances microglial migration through modulation of P2X4 receptor signaling | Q28573514 |
| | Spinal CCL2 pronociceptive action is no longer effective in CCR2 receptor antagonist-treated rats | Q28577588 |
| | A role for proinflammatory cytokines and fractalkine in analgesia, tolerance, and subsequent pain facilitation induced by chronic intrathecal morphine | Q28580405 |
| | Regulation of kappa-opioid receptor mRNA level by cyclic AMP and growth factors in cultured rat glial cells | Q28582931 |
| | Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses | Q29547305 |
| | Tripartite synapses: glia, the unacknowledged partner | Q29615224 |
| | Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages | Q29616177 |
| | Resting microglia directly monitor the functional state of synapses in vivo and determine the fate of ischemic terminals | Q29619476 |
| | Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage | Q29620014 |
| | Glial and neuronal control of brain blood flow | Q29620058 |
| | 2. Cytokines and chemokines | Q30310536 |
| | Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia produced by intrathecal administration of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein, gp120. | Q30326539 |
| | Discharge of raphe magnus ON and OFF cells is predictive of the motor facilitation evoked by repeated laser stimulation. | Q30895151 |
| | Morphine inhibits human microglial cell production of, and migration towards, RANTES. | Q31654258 |
| | Tonic descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced abnormal pain and antinociceptive tolerance. | Q31813611 |
| | Analysis of [3H]bremazocine binding in single and combinatorial opioid receptor knockout mice | Q32144645 |
| | Increased polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule expression in human hippocampus of heroin addicts. | Q33232330 |
| | Retracted: High-Affinity Naloxone Binding to Filamin A Prevents Mu Opioid Receptor-Gs Coupling Underlying Opioid Tolerance and Dependence | Q33318465 |
| | Morphine treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages induces differential miRNA and protein expression: impact on inflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system | Q33610280 |
| | Toll-like receptor 2 is required for opioids-induced neuronal apoptosis | Q33615391 |
| | Leukocyte traffic in the central nervous system: the participants and their roles | Q33636045 |
| | Down-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 gene expression by short interfering RNA attenuates bone cancer pain in a rat model | Q33645150 |
| | Cellular mechanisms of neuropathic pain, morphine tolerance, and their interactions | Q33679560 |
| | Central mechanisms of pain modulation | Q33711494 |
| | Dynamic regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1beta: molecular biology for non-molecular biologists | Q33720173 |
| | Trafficking of immune cells in the central nervous system | Q33815795 |
| | Antagonists of excitatory opioid receptor functions enhance morphine's analgesic potency and attenuate opioid tolerance/dependence liability | Q33833026 |
| | Naloxone protects rat dopaminergic neurons against inflammatory damage through inhibition of microglia activation and superoxide generation. | Q33898778 |
| | Spinal plasticity of acute opioid tolerance | Q33917991 |
| | The CNS role of Toll-like receptor 4 in innate neuroimmunity and painful neuropathy | Q33936995 |
| | Interleukin-1beta-mediated induction of Cox-2 in the CNS contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity | Q33939152 |
| | Glial activation: a driving force for pathological pain | Q33953790 |
| | Changes in the NMR metabolic profile of human microglial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide or morphine | Q33971397 |
| | Physiologic evidence for a projection from periaqueductal gray to nucleus raphe magnus in the rat | Q66939929 |
| | A study on the development of barbiturate tolerance and dependence in hamster glial cells in culture | Q67764301 |
| | Changes in tonic descending inhibition of spinal neurons with articular input during the development of acute arthritis in the cat | Q67783378 |
| | Tooth pulp stimulation advances both medullary off-cell pause and tail flick | Q69683806 |
| | Anatomy and physiology of a nociceptive modulatory system | Q69859841 |
| | Naloxone inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils | Q70102149 |
| | High concentrations of naloxone attenuate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity | Q70191555 |
| | Mouse microglial cells express a plasma membrane pore gated by extracellular ATP | Q70916549 |
| | Modulatory effects of [Met5]-enkephalin on interleukin-1 beta secretion from microglia in mixed brain cell cultures | Q71586093 |
| | The possible role of glia in nociceptive processing and hyperalgesia in the spinal cord of the rat | Q71676264 |
| | Ketobemidone, methadone and pethidine are non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists in the rat cortex and spinal cord | Q71927788 |
| | The efferent projections of the periaqueductal gray in the rat: a Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study. II. Descending projections | Q72168173 |
| | Intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin-1 beta enhances nociceptive neuronal responses of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in rats | Q72406751 |
| | The effects of cyclosporine on morphine-induced antinociception in diabetic mice | Q72586853 |
| | Stereoselectivity of opiate antagonists in rat hippocampus and neocortex: Responses to (+) and (−) isomers of naloxone | Q72953252 |
| | Single intrathecal injections of dynorphin A or des-Tyr-dynorphins produce long-lasting allodynia in rats: blockade by MK-801 but not naloxone | Q73275114 |
| | The interaction between IL-1beta and morphine: possible mechanism of the deficiency of morphine-induced analgesia in diabetic mice | Q73289141 |
| | Activation of mouse microglial cells affects P2 receptor signaling | Q73337657 |
| | Cytokine involvement in dynorphin-induced allodynia | Q73427482 |
| | Intrathecal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in combination with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor exhibits an anti-allodynic action in a rat model of neuropathic pain | Q73605805 |
| | Naloxone prevents microglia-induced degeneration of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons in adult rats | Q73755556 |
| | Reduction of lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in mouse mixed cortical neuron/glia cultures by ultralow concentrations of dynorphins | Q73790479 |
| | Characterization of methadone receptor subtypes present in human brain and lung tissues | Q73932135 |
| | Activity-induced plasticity in brain stem pain modulatory circuitry after inflammation | Q73963314 |
| | Fractalkine cleavage from neuronal membranes represents an acute event in the inflammatory response to excitotoxic brain damage | Q74014533 |
| | Systemic infusion of naloxone reduces degeneration of rat substantia nigral dopaminergic neurons induced by intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide | Q74326657 |
| | Cross-excitation in dorsal root ganglia does not depend on close cell-to-cell apposition | Q77931290 |
| | Spinal cord glia and interleukin-1 do not appear to mediate persistent allodynia induced by intramuscular acidic saline in rats | Q79181467 |
| | Postoperative pain, morphine consumption, and genetic polymorphism of IL-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist | Q79732239 |
| | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-regulated microglia-neuron signaling by prostaglandin E2 contributes to pain after spinal cord injury | Q79847983 |
| | Amitriptyline preserves morphine's antinociceptive effect by regulating the glutamate transporter GLAST and GLT-1 trafficking and excitatory amino acids concentration in morphine-tolerant rats | Q79904996 |
| | A critical role of toll-like receptor 2 in nerve injury-induced spinal cord glial cell activation and pain hypersensitivity | Q79931398 |
| | Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is part of the lipopolysaccharide "sensing apparatus" | Q80201765 |
| | Immunocytochemical localization of TNF type 1 and type 2 receptors in the rat spinal cord | Q80821098 |
| | Genetic impairment of interleukin-1 signaling attenuates neuropathic pain, autotomy, and spontaneous ectopic neuronal activity, following nerve injury in mice | Q82324364 |
| | The role of TLR2 in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is essentially mediated through macrophages in peripheral inflammatory response | Q82705607 |
| | Amitriptyline suppresses neuroinflammation and up-regulates glutamate transporters in morphine-tolerant rats | Q83333694 |
| | Spinal cord dynorphin expression increases, but does not drive microglial prostaglandin production or mechanical hypersensitivity after incisional surgery in rats | Q83893806 |
| | Toll-like receptors and innate immunity | Q84418644 |
| | Interleukin-6 induces microglial CX3CR1 expression in the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury through the activation of p38 MAPK | Q84976798 |
| | dextro- and levo-morphine attenuate opioid delta and kappa receptor agonist produced analgesia in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice. | Q44351737 |
| | Inhibition of Microglial Activation Attenuates the Development but Not Existing Hypersensitivity in a Rat Model of Neuropathy | Q44432171 |
| | Anti-hyperalgesic and morphine-sparing actions of propentofylline following peripheral nerve injury in rats: mechanistic implications of spinal glia and proinflammatory cytokines | Q44555316 |
| | Interleukin-1β Enhances NMDA Receptor-Mediated Intracellular Calcium Increase through Activation of the Src Family of Kinases | Q44595357 |
| | Attenuation of morphine tolerance, withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia, and associated spinal inflammatory immune responses by propentofylline in rats | Q44610342 |
| | Neuronal protein kinase C gamma-dependent proliferation and hypertrophy of spinal cord astrocytes following repeated in vivo administration of morphine | Q44729849 |
| | Spinal blockade of TNF blocks spinal nerve ligation-induced increases in spinal P-p38. | Q44751504 |
| | Molecular mechanism of changes in the morphine-induced pharmacological actions under chronic pain-like state: suppression of dopaminergic transmission in the brain | Q44812575 |
| | Heterogeneity and potentiation of AMPA type of glutamate receptors in rat cultured microglia | Q44893087 |
| | Cytoskeletal genes regulation by chronic morphine treatment in rat striatum. | Q44938368 |
| | Nociceptive facilitating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla | Q44994059 |
| | Snake venom components enhance pain upon subcutaneous injection: an initial examination of spinal cord mediators | Q45029197 |
| | Tolerance develops to the effect of lipopolysaccharides on movement-evoked hyperalgesia when administered chronically by a systemic but not an intrathecal route | Q45029201 |
| | Treatment of opiate-related sedation: utility of the cholinesterase inhibitors | Q45048193 |
| | Cell-type specific activation of p38 and ERK mediates calcitonin gene-related peptide involvement in tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia | Q45158980 |
| | Effect of morphine on the turnover and synthesis of (leu-3H)-protein and (ch-14C)-phosphatidylcholine in discrete regions of the rat brain | Q45166143 |
| | Transcriptional and translational regulation of glial activation by morphine in a rodent model of neuropathic pain | Q45295796 |
| | Cell activation by synthetic lipopeptides of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)--core protein is mediated by toll like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. | Q45730759 |
| | The proteomic analysis of primary cortical astrocyte cell culture after morphine administration | Q45745048 |
| | Pathogenesis of spinally mediated hyperalgesia in diabetes. | Q45942021 |
| | Amitriptyline suppresses neuroinflammation-dependent interleukin-10-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway in chronic morphine-infused rats. | Q46024525 |
| | TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor type 1 upregulation in glia and neurons after peripheral nerve injury: studies in murine DRG and spinal cord | Q46150604 |
| | Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia is a critical link in inflammation-induced spinal pain processing | Q46165562 |
| | Aquaporin 4 deficiency modulates morphine pharmacological actions | Q46273025 |
| | Microglial NADPH oxidase is a novel target for femtomolar neuroprotection against oxidative stress. | Q46404592 |
| | Attenuation of morphine tolerance by minocycline and pentoxifylline in naive and neuropathic mice | Q46442655 |
| | Minocycline attenuates mechanical allodynia and proinflammatory cytokine expression in rat models of pain facilitation | Q46442849 |
| | Tumor necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces rapid insertion of Ca2+-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA)/kainate (Ca-A/K) channels in a subset of hippocampal pyramidal neurons | Q46471085 |
| | Morphine modulates chemokine gene regulation in normal human astrocytes | Q46490212 |
| | Tight junction regulation by morphine and HIV-1 tat modulates blood-brain barrier permeability | Q46522622 |
| | Long-lasting change in brain dynamics induced by methamphetamine: enhancement of protein kinase C-dependent astrocytic response and behavioral sensitization | Q46526730 |
| | The alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine reduces glial fibrillary acidic protein upregulation induced by chronic morphine administration | Q46528535 |
| | N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 attenuates morphine tolerance and associated glial fibrillary acid protein up-regulation: a proteomic approach | Q46703386 |
| | The effects of perioperative pain management techniques on food consumption and body weight after laparotomy in rats. | Q46726828 |
| | Characterization of descending facilitation and inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat | Q46843364 |
| | A differential diagnosis of hyperalgesia, toxicity, and withdrawal from intrathecal morphine infusion | Q46879155 |
| | Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia mediates morphine antinociceptive tolerance | Q46887428 |
| | Direct evidence of astrocytic modulation in the development of rewarding effects induced by drugs of abuse | Q46890942 |
| | A novel role of minocycline: attenuating morphine antinociceptive tolerance by inhibition of p38 MAPK in the activated spinal microglia | Q46963522 |
| | Complete Freunds adjuvant-induced peripheral inflammation evokes glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the CNS. | Q47249503 |
| | Potential role of MCP-1 in endothelial cell tight junction 'opening': signaling via Rho and Rho kinase | Q47425860 |
| | Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assessment of spinal microglial and astrocytic activation markers in a rat model of neuropathic pain | Q47599610 |
| | Neurotransmitter-mediated changes in the electrophysiological properties of pituicytes | Q47838207 |
| | Partial Purification of an Opiate Receptor from Mouse Brain | Q47879550 |
| | Enhanced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of neuropathic pain: possible involvement in the development of neuropathic pain | Q47891712 |
| | Morphine enhances complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by human microglia | Q48007535 |
| | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 alters expression of tight junction-associated proteins in brain microvascular endothelial cells | Q48099266 |
| | Enhancement of morphine analgesia and prevention of morphine tolerance in the rat by the cholecystokinin antagonist L-364,718. | Q48099497 |
| | Receptor-mediated regulation of neuropeptide gene expression in astrocytes | Q48117061 |
| | The analgesic defect of C57BL/6J-bgJ/bgJ (beige-J: Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mice transmitted by adoptive transfer of spleen cells to normal littermates | Q48132816 |
| | Inhibition of morphine analgesia by LPS: role of opioid and NMDA receptors and spinal glia. | Q42468945 |
| | Delta and kappa opiate receptors in primary astroglial cultures from rat cerebral cortex | Q42475205 |
| | Dexamethasone modulates the development of morphine tolerance and expression of glutamate transporters in rats | Q42478305 |
| | Morphine-induced overexpression of prepro-nociceptin/orphanin FQ in cultured astrocytes | Q42480670 |
| | Opioid-dependent growth of glial cultures: suppression of astrocyte DNA synthesis by met-enkephalin | Q42483511 |
| | Direct cellular immunomodulation produced by diacetylmorphine (heroin) or methadone | Q42484718 |
| | IL-1ra alleviates inflammatory hyperalgesia through preventing phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR-1 subunit in rats | Q42517343 |
| | Sustained morphine exposure induces a spinal dynorphin-dependent enhancement of excitatory transmitter release from primary afferent fibers. | Q42524394 |
| | Beta-lactam antibiotic reduces morphine analgesic tolerance in rats through GLT-1 transporter activation | Q42533948 |
| | Therapeutic manipulation of peroxynitrite attenuates the development of opiate-induced antinociceptive tolerance in mice | Q42639183 |
| | Activation of mu opioid receptors inhibits microglial cell chemotaxis | Q42656128 |
| | Opiate-induced hypernociception and chemokine receptors | Q42670400 |
| | Kappa-Opioid and NMDA glutamate receptors are differentially targeted within rat medial prefrontal cortex | Q42681106 |
| | Rapid heterologous desensitization of antinociceptive activity between mu or delta opioid receptors and chemokine receptors in rats | Q42767360 |
| | Neuroscience: Settling the great glia debate | Q42822327 |
| | Morphological evidence for the involvement of microglial p38 activation in CGRP-associated development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance | Q42922096 |
| | Calcitonin gene-related peptide as a regulator of neuronal CaMKII-CREB, microglial p38-NFκB and astroglial ERK-Stat1/3 cascades mediating the development of tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia | Q42944031 |
| | Cathepsin S release from primary cultured microglia is regulated by the P2X7 receptor | Q42970932 |
| | Involvement of spinal microglial P2X7 receptor in generation of tolerance to morphine analgesia in rats. | Q43037017 |
| | Co-administration of ultra-low dose naloxone attenuates morphine tolerance in rats via attenuation of NMDA receptor neurotransmission and suppression of neuroinflammation in the spinal cords | Q43061337 |
| | Evidence of central and peripheral sensitization in a rat model of narcotic bowel-like syndrome. | Q43116558 |
| | CCR2 mediates increases in glial activation caused by exposure to HIV-1 Tat and opiates | Q43123425 |
| | The mechanism and control of neuropathic pain | Q43210714 |
| | Minocycline reduces the injury-induced expression of prodynorphin and pronociceptin in the dorsal root ganglion in a rat model of neuropathic pain | Q43229604 |
| | Modulation of morphine-induced antinociception in acute and chronic opioid treatment by ibudilast. | Q43236507 |
| | Spinal antinociceptive effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition during inflammation: Involvement of prostaglandins and endocannabinoids | Q43251476 |
| | NMDA receptors are involved in upstream of the spinal JNK activation in morphine antinociceptive tolerance | Q43264177 |
| | Model of methadone-induced hyperalgesia in rats and effect of memantine | Q43264223 |
| | Alterations in blood-brain barrier function and brain pathology by morphine in the rat. Neuroprotective effects of antioxidant H-290/51. | Q43265285 |
| | Morphine effects of RNA synthesis in purified oligodendroglial nuclei. | Q43517863 |
| | The involvement of glial cells in the development of morphine tolerance | Q43542087 |
| | Changes in the expression of glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain accompanied with morphine dependence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal | Q43651505 |
| | Effect of morphine on the number and branching of astrocytes in various regions of rat brain | Q43654708 |
| | Endogenous opioids and oligodendroglial function: possible autocrine/paracrine effects on cell survival and development | Q43680252 |
| | Femtomolar concentrations of dynorphins protect rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons against inflammatory damage | Q43706917 |
| | TNF-alpha-induced c-Fos generation in the nucleus of the solitary tract is blocked by NBQX and MK-801. | Q43771146 |
| | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signalling and expression pattern | Q43805482 |
| | TNF alpha production in morphine-treated human neural cells is NF-kappaB-dependent | Q43832080 |
| | Alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptors are present in mu-opioid receptor containing neurons in rat medial nucleus tractus solitarius | Q43856189 |
| | ADP and AMP induce interleukin-1beta release from microglial cells through activation of ATP-primed P2X7 receptor channels. | Q43954485 |
| P433 | issue | 3 | |
| P921 | main subject | opioid | Q427523 |
| P1104 | number of pages | 39 | |
| P304 | page(s) | 772-810 | |
| P577 | publication date | 2011-07-13 | |
| P1433 | published in | Pharmacological Reviews | Q2085079 |
| P1476 | title | Exploring the neuroimmunopharmacology of opioids: an integrative review of mechanisms of central immune signaling and their implications for opioid analgesia | |
| P478 | volume | 63 | |