Abstract is: Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptide, or proteins, respectively. The latter have longer amino acid chain lengths than the former. These hormones have an effect on the endocrine system of animals, including humans. Most hormones can be classified as either amino acid–based hormones (amine, peptide, or protein) or steroid hormones. The former are water-soluble and act on the surface of target cells via second messengers; the latter, being lipid-soluble, move through the plasma membranes of target cells (both cytoplasmic and nuclear) to act within their nuclei. Like all peptides and proteins, peptide hormones and protein hormones are synthesized in cells from amino acids according to mRNA transcripts, which are synthesized from DNA templates inside the cell nucleus. Preprohormones, peptide hormone precursors, are then processed in several stages, typically in the endoplasmic reticulum, including removal of the N-terminal signal sequence and sometimes glycosylation, resulting in prohormones. The prohormones are then packaged into membrane-bound secretory vesicles, which can be secreted from the cell by exocytosis in response to specific stimuli (e.g. an increase in Ca2+ and cAMP concentration in cytoplasm). These prohormones often contain superfluous amino acid residues that were needed to direct folding of the hormone molecule into its active configuration but have no function once the hormone folds. Specific endopeptidases in the cell cleave the prohormone just before it is released into the bloodstream, generating the mature hormone form of the molecule. Mature peptide hormones then travel through the blood to all of the cells of the body, where they interact with specific receptors on the surfaces of their target cells. Some neurotransmitters are secreted and released in a similar fashion to peptide hormones, and some "neuropeptides" may be used as neurotransmitters in the nervous system in addition to acting as hormones when released into the blood. When a peptide hormone binds to a receptor on the surface of the cell, a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm, which triggers signal transduction leading to the cellular responses. Some peptide/protein hormones (angiotensin II, basic fibroblast growth factor-2, parathyroid hormone-related protein) also interact with intracellular receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus by an intracrine mechanism.
group or class of proteins | Q84467700 |
class of chemical entities with similar applications or functions | Q56256173 |
hormone | Q11364 |
peptide | Q172847 |
P5019 | Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID | peptidhormone |
proteohormone | ||
P683 | ChEBI ID | 25905 |
P10565 | Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID | 134628 |
P1417 | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID | science/protein-hormone |
P646 | Freebase ID | /m/01kxvp |
P3827 | JSTOR topic ID (archived) | peptide-hormones |
P8408 | KBpedia ID | PeptideHormone |
P486 | MeSH descriptor ID | D036361 |
P672 | MeSH tree code | D06.472.699 |
D12.644.548 | ||
P6366 | Microsoft Academic ID | 56191518 |
P3222 | NE.se ID | peptidhormoner |
P10283 | OpenAlex ID | C56191518 |
P5082 | Store medisinske leksikon ID | peptidhormoner |
P2892 | UMLS CUI | C0597192 |
C0312439 |
P680 | molecular function | hormone activity | Q14758899 |
P361 | part of | peptide hormone processing | Q14819787 |
response to peptide hormone | Q14820890 | ||
peptide hormone binding | Q14875276 | ||
peptide hormone secretion | Q14882523 | ||
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus | Q14905665 | ||
P910 | topic's main category | Category:Peptide hormones | Q7403984 |
Q19978911 | Q19978911 |
Q422297 | beta-lipotropin |
Q66360952 | brain natriuretic peptide |
Q419432 | calcitonin gene-related peptide |
Q60315441 | cholecystokinin |
Q1131082 | copeptin |
Q185690 | corticotropin |
Q2007590 | enteroglucagon |
Q66317136 | gamma-lipotropin |
Q58526200 | human growth hormone |
Q50265665 | insulin |
Q907730 | oxyntomodulin |
Q24785345 | Adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone |
Q24784772 | Apelin |
Q83165592 | Calcitonin peptide-like family |
Q24782543 | Calcitonin/adrenomedullin |
Q83162664 | Corticotropin-releasing factor, protein family |
Q24782932 | Egg-laying hormone/atrial gland peptide |
Q24766854 | Erythropoietin/thrombopoietin |
Q83130411 | Galanin domain, protein family |
Q24770450 | Galanin precursor |
Q59250810 | Gastrin |
Q5526800 | Gastrin family |
Q103840659 | Glucagon |
Q83130408 | Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP, protein family |
Q24771242 | Gonadotropin, beta subunit |
Q24724497 | Inhibin, beta A subunit |
Q24786906 | Inhibin, beta B subunit |
Q24766643 | Inhibin, beta C subunit |
Q24768698 | Insulin family |
Q83163441 | Insulin-like domain, protein family |
Q24783367 | Insulin-like peptide 6 |
Q6554684 | MGF |
Q83146001 | Motilin/ghrelin, protein family |
Q83165535 | Motilin/ghrelin-associated peptide family |
Q24719886 | Nematode insulin-related peptide, beta type |
Q24738675 | Pancreatic hormone-like |
Q24739381 | Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein |
Q24769801 | Pigment-dispersing hormone |
Q24780878 | Prolactin-releasing peptide |
Q24773888 | Relaxin |
Q41797383 | Resistin-like superfamily |
Q24775633 | Sex peptide |
Q83162242 | Somatostatin/Cortistatin, C-terminal domain, protein family |
Q24776916 | Somatotropin/prolactin |
Q24739769 | Stanniocalcin |
Q24775403 | Urocortin/corticotropin-releasing factor family |
Q24767060 | Urotensin II |
Q8043500 | Xenin |
Q2638593 | adipokine |
Q103840042 | adiponectin |
Q65963433 | angiotensins |
Q79311240 | bradykinin family |
Q315860 | calcitonin |
Q66590077 | gastrin |
Q24739332 | glycoprotein hormone alpha chain |
Q24787174 | leptin |
Q423981 | melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
Q24769060 | natriuretic peptide |
Q106952208 | neuropeptide hormone |
Q7166520 | peptide PHI |
Q1960869 | placental lactogen |
Q24741980 | pro-opiomelanocortin |
Q7310876 | relaxin family peptide hormones |
Q122784 | releasing hormone |
Q24720037 | resistin |
Q415679 | somatomedin |
Q24778427 | somatostatin |
Q124736287 | somatostatin-28 |
Q76853559 | urocortins |
Q66571917 | vasopressin |
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Q7403984 | Category:Peptide hormones | category's main topic | P301 |
Q14820890 | response to peptide hormone | has cause | P828 |
Arabic (ar / Q13955) | هرمون ببتيدي | wikipedia |
bn | পেপটাইড হরমোন | wikipedia |
Peptidni hormon | wikipedia | |
ckb | ھۆڕمۆنی پێپتیدی | wikipedia |
Peptidhormon | wikipedia | |
Proteohormone | wikipedia | |
Peptide hormone | wikipedia | |
en-simple | Peptide hormone | wikipedia |
Hormona peptídica | wikipedia | |
Peptiidhormoon | wikipedia | |
Persian (fa / Q9168) | هورمونهای پپتیدی | wikipedia |
Hormone peptidique | wikipedia | |
ga | Hormón peiptíde | wikipedia |
gl | Hormona peptídica | wikipedia |
ペプチドホルモン | wikipedia | |
펩타이드 호르몬 | wikipedia | |
mk | Протеохормони | wikipedia |
Hormon peptida | wikipedia | |
Peptidehormoon | wikipedia | |
Hormony peptydowe | wikipedia | |
Hormônio peptídeo | wikipedia | |
Пептидные гормоны | wikipedia | |
Serbo-Croatian (sh / Q9301) | Peptidni hormon | wikipedia |
Peptidni hormon | wikipedia | |
Peptidhormon | wikipedia | |
Hormone peptide | wikipedia | |
肽类激素 | wikipedia |
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