scholarly article | Q13442814 |
review article | Q7318358 |
P2093 | author name string | David Pitt | |
Gerald Ponath | |||
Calvin Park | |||
P2860 | cites work | Progressive multiple sclerosis: pathology and pathogenesis | Q38046113 |
Interleukin-6, a major cytokine in the central nervous system | Q38058511 | ||
Potential roles of HDAC inhibitors in mitigating ischemia-induced brain damage and facilitating endogenous regeneration and recovery. | Q38085380 | ||
Immune players in the CNS: the astrocyte | Q38118936 | ||
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in multiple sclerosis pathology | Q38134459 | ||
Expression of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients | Q24563395 | ||
Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain | Q24609907 | ||
Neurosteroids: endogenous role in the human brain and therapeutic potentials | Q24632113 | ||
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis | Q24635370 | ||
Gap junctions couple astrocytes and oligodendrocytes | Q24645936 | ||
BAFF is produced by astrocytes and up-regulated in multiple sclerosis lesions and primary central nervous system lymphoma | Q24646563 | ||
S1P1 receptor signaling overrides retention mediated by G alpha i-coupled receptors to promote T cell egress | Q24650866 | ||
Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function | Q24656166 | ||
NF-kappaB Signaling Pathways in Neurological Inflammation: A Mini Review | Q26770760 | ||
B Cells in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System: Trafficking and Contribution to CNS-Compartmentalized Inflammation | Q26770852 | ||
NF-κB, the first quarter-century: remarkable progress and outstanding questions | Q26822516 | ||
Innate immunity in the central nervous system | Q26858882 | ||
Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a review with a focus on molecular mechanisms | Q27006548 | ||
Astrocytes Control Synapse Formation, Function, and Elimination | Q27021730 | ||
Astrocytes: biology and pathology | Q27490746 | ||
Control of autoimmune CNS inflammation by astrocytes | Q28084132 | ||
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by structurally diverse exogenous and endogenous chemicals | Q28204565 | ||
Fas ligand/Fas system in the brain: regulator of immune and apoptotic responses | Q28240137 | ||
RelB, a new partner of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated transcription | Q28247029 | ||
A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis | Q28270998 | ||
Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis | Q28275399 | ||
The astrocyte in multiple sclerosis revisited | Q28283441 | ||
Anti-inflammatory roles of retinoic acid in rat brain astrocytes: Suppression of interferon-gamma-induced JAK/STAT phosphorylation | Q28566201 | ||
Novel role of sphingosine kinase 1 as a mediator of neurotrophin-3 action in oligodendrocyte progenitors | Q28582359 | ||
Unexpected regulatory roles of TLR4 and TLR9 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Q28591514 | ||
Effects of in vivo-administered 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on receptor binding of epidermal growth factor in the hepatic plasma membrane of rat, guinea pig, mouse, and hamster | Q28646019 | ||
Genetic and epigenetic fine mapping of causal autoimmune disease variants | Q28649603 | ||
Chemical proteomic map of dimethyl fumarate-sensitive cysteines in primary human T cells | Q28821775 | ||
Genetic variation influences glutamate concentrations in brains of patients with multiple sclerosis | Q28943414 | ||
The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment | Q29615845 | ||
Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1 | Q29619644 | ||
Astrocytes are active players in cerebral innate immunity | Q29620562 | ||
A neuron-glia signalling network in the active brain | Q30653995 | ||
Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial | Q30789784 | ||
Leflunomide inhibits activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat astrocytes | Q31885850 | ||
Neuroprotection by IFN-γ via astrocyte-secreted IL-6 in acute neuroinflammation | Q32178128 | ||
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia | Q33602850 | ||
Adhesion molecule expression and regulation on cells of the central nervous system | Q33701566 | ||
Astrocyte-derived BDNF supports myelin protein synthesis after cuprizone-induced demyelination | Q33735502 | ||
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by cAMP vs. dioxin: divergent signaling pathways | Q33860725 | ||
Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis | Q33881977 | ||
Act1 mediates IL-17-induced EAE pathogenesis selectively in NG2+ glial cells | Q33930062 | ||
Neuron-glia metabolic coupling and plasticity | Q33996201 | ||
Impaired neurosteroid synthesis in multiple sclerosis. | Q34077547 | ||
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 and 3 are upregulated in multiple sclerosis lesions | Q34127280 | ||
Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis | Q34261244 | ||
Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis | Q34300614 | ||
FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation | Q34490581 | ||
An updated histological classification system for multiple sclerosis lesions | Q34547552 | ||
Regulation of astrocyte activation by glycolipids drives chronic CNS inflammation. | Q34632490 | ||
Ah receptor and NF-kappaB interactions: mechanisms and physiological implications | Q34815793 | ||
Transgenic inhibition of astroglial NF-kappa B improves functional outcome in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing chronic central nervous system inflammation | Q34919012 | ||
Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor-alpha in astrocytes | Q35008288 | ||
Cytokines: powerful regulators of glial cell activation | Q35064076 | ||
B cell receptor and BAFF receptor signaling regulation of B cell homeostasis | Q37591049 | ||
Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation | Q37597818 | ||
The cuprizone animal model: new insights into an old story | Q37599552 | ||
IL-6: regulator of Treg/Th17 balance | Q37768101 | ||
An introduction to the molecular basics of aryl hydrocarbon receptor biology | Q37792070 | ||
Fumaric acid and its esters: an emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis with antioxidative mechanism of action | Q37854243 | ||
Do β-defensins and other antimicrobial peptides play a role in neuroimmune function and neurodegeneration? | Q55604491 | ||
TLR signaling tailors innate immune responses in human microglia and astrocytes | Q57041985 | ||
Fumarates Promote Cytoprotection of Central Nervous System Cells against Oxidative Stress via the Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Pathway | Q59344888 | ||
Multiple sclerosis: BAFF and CXCL13 in cerebrospinal fluid | Q59543689 | ||
Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis | Q60450917 | ||
BDNF and gp145trkB in multiple sclerosis brain lesions: neuroprotective interactions between immune and neuronal cells? | Q61709659 | ||
The adhesion molecule and cytokine profile of multiple sclerosis lesions | Q71688111 | ||
Multiple sclerosis. Immunomodulatory effects of human astrocytes on T cells | Q72406707 | ||
Dehydroepiandrosterone selectively inhibits production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 [correction of interlukin-6] in astrocytes | Q73262890 | ||
Autoimmune encephalomyelitis ameliorated by AMPA antagonists | Q73308222 | ||
Role of astrocytes in antigen presentation and naive T-cell activation | Q73800834 | ||
Exogenous sphingosine 1-phosphate induces neurite retraction possibly through a cell surface receptor in PC12 cells | Q73920426 | ||
Reactive astrocytes in chronic active lesions of multiple sclerosis express co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 | Q78952388 | ||
Cutting Edge: TLR3 stimulation suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing endogenous IFN-beta | Q79370162 | ||
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression is required on multiple cell types for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Q79485118 | ||
Multiple sclerosis | Q79880889 | ||
Astrocyte-associated axonal damage in pre-onset stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Q81617535 | ||
Multiple sclerosis | Q83785437 | ||
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor - More than a simple feedback inhibitor of AhR signaling: Clues for its role in inflammation and cancer | Q89128308 | ||
Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces proliferation of astrocytes: regulation by intracellular signalling cascades | Q95823042 | ||
Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis | Q38167388 | ||
Inhibitory effect of a 2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate on neuro-inflammatory reactions via inhibition of STAT1 and STAT3 activation in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells | Q38448268 | ||
Astrocytes: a central element in neurological diseases | Q38670385 | ||
The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain: A review of 150 years of cell counting | Q38836341 | ||
DMF, but not other fumarates, inhibits NF-κB activity in vitro in an Nrf2-independent manner. | Q38871531 | ||
Multiple sclerosis: Fingolimod failure in progressive MS INFORMS future trials | Q38889317 | ||
The NRF2 transcriptional target, OSGIN1, contributes to monomethyl fumarate-mediated cytoprotection in human astrocytes | Q38970297 | ||
Safety concerns and risk management of multiple sclerosis therapies | Q39021781 | ||
Myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes after myelin damage promotes lesion pathology | Q39070347 | ||
IL-1β induces GFAP expression in vitro and in vivo and protects neurons from traumatic injury-associated apoptosis in rat brain striatum via NFκB/Ca²⁺-calmodulin/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway | Q39113407 | ||
Reactive Astrocytes: Production, Function, and Therapeutic Potential | Q39388343 | ||
Rac1 contributes to maximal activation of STAT1 and STAT3 in IFN-gamma-stimulated rat astrocytes | Q40501931 | ||
Human astrocytes are only partially competent antigen presenting cells. Possible implications for lesion development in multiple sclerosis. | Q41492725 | ||
Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes | Q41576345 | ||
Neurosteroidogenesis in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons of cerebral cortex of rat brain | Q41683290 | ||
NMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia. | Q41843868 | ||
Assessment of the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors in high-density lipoprotein-induced stimulation of astroglial cell function | Q41955387 | ||
MiRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes as Possible Mediators of Neuronal Plasticity | Q41997354 | ||
One more role for the gut: microbiota and blood brain barrier | Q42151659 | ||
Effects of fumarates on inflammatory human astrocyte responses and oligodendrocyte differentiation | Q42229875 | ||
Reactive oxygen species from human astrocytes induced functional impairment and oxidative damage | Q42252324 | ||
Preferential expression and function of Toll-like receptor 3 in human astrocytes | Q42472896 | ||
Effects of estrogen against LPS-induced inflammation and toxicity in primary rat glial and neuronal cultures | Q42515584 | ||
Astrocytic tight junctions control inflammatory CNS lesion pathogenesis | Q42644144 | ||
A Gradient of neuronal loss and meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis. | Q42847184 | ||
Laquinimod interferes with migratory capacity of T cells and reduces IL-17 levels, inflammatory demyelination and acute axonal damage in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Q42946709 | ||
Neuroscience: Astrocytes as aide-mémoires | Q43193933 | ||
The astrocytic response in early experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis occurs across both the grey and white matter compartments | Q43533759 | ||
Multiple sclerosis: altered glutamate homeostasis in lesions correlates with oligodendrocyte and axonal damage | Q43708042 | ||
Sequence of tissue responses in the early stages of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE): immunohistochemical, light microscopic, and ultrastructural observations in the spinal cord | Q43829544 | ||
Broad expression of Toll-like receptors in the human central nervous system | Q44492400 | ||
ATP-induced ATP release from astrocytes. | Q44693109 | ||
Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces proliferation and morphological changes of neural progenitor cells | Q44751656 | ||
Laquinimod (ABR-215062) suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, modulates the Th1/Th2 balance and induces the Th3 cytokine TGF-beta in Lewis rats | Q45090895 | ||
Edg8/S1P5: an oligodendroglial receptor with dual function on process retraction and cell survival. | Q45259405 | ||
Astrocytes regulate myelin clearance through recruitment of microglia during cuprizone-induced demyelination | Q45757461 | ||
Selective estrogen receptor modulators decrease the production of interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 by astrocytes exposed to inflammatory challenge in vitro. | Q45966076 | ||
Evidence of elevated glutamate in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. | Q46083107 | ||
Functional role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuroprotective autoimmunity: therapeutic implications in a model of multiple sclerosis | Q46212071 | ||
Dimethyl fumarate influences innate and adaptive immunity in multiple sclerosis | Q46299368 | ||
Modulation of astrocytic metabolic phenotype by proinflammatory cytokines | Q46668726 | ||
NMDA receptors mediate calcium accumulation in myelin during chemical ischaemia | Q46863665 | ||
Astrocytes protect the CNS: antigen-specific T helper cell responses are inhibited by astrocyte-induced upregulation of CTLA-4 (CD152). | Q47983931 | ||
Sodium salicylate and 17beta-estradiol attenuate nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB translocation in cultured rat astroglial cultures following exposure to amyloid A beta(1-40) and lipopolysaccharides | Q48104189 | ||
Three-dimensional relationships between hippocampal synapses and astrocytes. | Q48143813 | ||
FasL (CD95L, Apo1L) is expressed in the normal rat and human brain: evidence for the existence of an immunological brain barrier | Q48166557 | ||
Phosphorylated FTY720 promotes astrocyte migration through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors | Q48174743 | ||
Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology. | Q48200750 | ||
Multiple sclerosis: relevance of class I and class II MHC-expressing cells to lesion development | Q48202203 | ||
Cellular localization and expression patterns of interleukin-10, interleukin-4, and their receptors in multiple sclerosis lesions | Q48647228 | ||
Toll-like receptor 3 on adult human astrocytes triggers production of neuroprotective mediators | Q48647947 | ||
Fingolimod may support neuroprotection via blockade of astrocyte nitric oxide | Q48649157 | ||
Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. | Q48726181 | ||
Modulation of autoimmune demyelination by laquinimod via induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor | Q48793112 | ||
Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination. | Q48819558 | ||
Conditional ablation of Stat3 or Socs3 discloses a dual role for reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury. | Q50726567 | ||
Gender differences in multiple sclerosis: induction of estrogen signaling in male and progesterone signaling in female lesions. | Q51168522 | ||
Antisense studies in PC12 cells suggest a role for H218, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, in growth-factor-induced cell-cell interaction and neurite outgrowth. | Q52165671 | ||
Dimethylfumarate induces immunosuppression via glutathione depletion and subsequent induction of heme oxygenase 1. | Q52927874 | ||
Gp130-dependent astrocytic survival is critical for the control of autoimmune central nervous system inflammation. | Q53804236 | ||
IL-1-induced iNOS expression in human astrocytes via NF-kappa B. | Q54191934 | ||
Astrocyte CCL2 sustains immune cell infiltration in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Q35129497 | ||
Human astrocytes: secretome profiles of cytokines and chemokines | Q35137534 | ||
B cells populating the multiple sclerosis brain mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes | Q35298764 | ||
The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice | Q35413892 | ||
Dimethyl fumarate and monoethyl fumarate exhibit differential effects on KEAP1, NRF2 activation, and glutathione depletion in vitro | Q35582048 | ||
Acquiring signalling specificity from the cytokine receptor gp130. | Q35617769 | ||
Central nervous system rather than immune cell-derived BDNF mediates axonal protective effects early in autoimmune demyelination | Q35675723 | ||
Progesterone synthesis in the nervous system: implications for myelination and myelin repair. | Q35743169 | ||
Thioredoxin as a neurotrophic cofactor and an important regulator of neuroprotection | Q35794526 | ||
Stimulation of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB on astrocytes drives nitric oxide production and neurodegeneration | Q35825970 | ||
Lightening up the UV response by identification of the arylhydrocarbon receptor as a cytoplasmatic target for ultraviolet B radiation. | Q35829067 | ||
Defensins and mucosal protection. | Q36019624 | ||
Genetic variants associated with autoimmunity drive NFκB signaling and responses to inflammatory stimuli | Q36071390 | ||
Reduced astrocytic NF-κB activation by laquinimod protects from cuprizone-induced demyelination | Q36174480 | ||
Astrocytes and neurosteroids: metabolism of pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Regulation by cell density. | Q36233197 | ||
Sodium chloride inhibits the suppressive function of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. | Q36266520 | ||
Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis | Q36344611 | ||
Inhibition of astroglial nuclear factor kappaB reduces inflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury | Q36402894 | ||
Multiple sclerosis--the plaque and its pathogenesis | Q36410882 | ||
The chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2γ, reduces the expression of glutamate transporter-1 on astrocytes and increases neuronal sensitivity to glutamate excitotoxicity. | Q36535567 | ||
Dual effects of daily FTY720 on human astrocytes in vitro: relevance for neuroinflammation | Q36752386 | ||
The role of JAK-STAT signaling within the CNS. | Q36895415 | ||
Estrogen mediates neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects during EAE through ERα signaling on astrocytes but not through ERβ signaling on astrocytes or neurons. | Q36955863 | ||
STAT3 is a critical regulator of astrogliosis and scar formation after spinal cord injury | Q36974841 | ||
Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Q36984429 | ||
Lactosylceramide: a lipid second messenger in neuroinflammatory disease | Q36994594 | ||
Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors | Q37009320 | ||
Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. | Q37060934 | ||
A new cross-talk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and RelB, a member of the NF-kappaB family | Q37207403 | ||
Spotlight on teriflunomide | Q37265253 | ||
Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis | Q37322100 | ||
Laquinimod arrests experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Q37346761 | ||
Inactivation of astroglial NF-kappa B promotes survival of retinal neurons following ischemic injury. | Q37423557 | ||
P275 | copyright license | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International | Q20007257 |
P6216 | copyright status | copyrighted | Q50423863 |
P407 | language of work or name | English | Q1860 |
P921 | main subject | blood–brain barrier | Q221694 |
immunosuppressive drug | Q249619 | ||
cell | Q7868 | ||
astrocyte | Q502961 | ||
multiple sclerosis | Q8277 | ||
nervous system | Q9404 | ||
circulatory system | Q11068 | ||
P5008 | on focus list of Wikimedia project | ScienceSource | Q55439927 |
P304 | page(s) | 217 | |
P577 | publication date | 2018-02-19 | |
P1433 | published in | Frontiers in Immunology | Q27723748 |
P1476 | title | The Role of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis. | |
P478 | volume | 9 |
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