Shiga Toxins as Multi-Functional Proteins: Induction of Host Cellular Stress Responses, Role in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Applications

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Shiga Toxins as Multi-Functional Proteins: Induction of Host Cellular Stress Responses, Role in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Applications is …
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scholarly articleQ13442814
review articleQ7318358

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P356DOI10.3390/TOXINS8030077
P932PMC publication ID4810222
P698PubMed publication ID26999205
P5875ResearchGate publication ID298787627

P2093author name stringDae Gwin Jeong
Moo-Seung Lee
Vernon L Tesh
Sunwoo Koo
P2860cites workShiga toxin receptor Gb3Cer/CD77: tumor-association and promising therapeutic target in pancreas and colon cancerQ21090050
The bacterial colicin active against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo is verotoxin 1Q24563989
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: an overviewQ36645406
Switch between apoptosis and autophagy: radiation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress?Q36766391
Connecting endoplasmic reticulum stress to autophagy by unfolded protein response and calcium.Q36870862
Food as a vehicle for transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coliQ36985472
Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhea: rabbit intestinal cell microvillus membrane binding site for Shigella toxinQ37026722
Two toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activitiesQ24646436
Evidence that glutamic acid 167 is an active-site residue of Shiga-like toxin IQ24651553
Shiga toxin 2 targets the murine renal collecting duct epitheliumQ24652310
Shiga toxin interaction with human intestinal epitheliumQ26850758
Host innate immune responses to sepsisQ26864635
HCV Induces Oxidative and ER Stress, and Sensitizes Infected Cells to Apoptosis in SCID/Alb-uPA MiceQ27487963
Crystal structure of the cell-binding B oligomer of verotoxin-1 from E. coliQ27644365
Molecular Basis of Differential B-Pentamer Stability of Shiga Toxins 1 and 2Q27666433
The Crystal Structure of Shiga Toxin Type 2 with Bound Disaccharide Guides the Design of a Heterobifunctional Toxin InhibitorQ27680604
Crystal structure of the holotoxino from Shigella dysenteriae at 2.5 Å resolutionQ27729840
Structure of partially-activated E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) at 2.6 A resolutionQ27731523
Structure of the shiga-like toxin I B-pentamer complexed with an analogue of its receptor Gb3Q27748877
Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein responseQ27860577
Mediators of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosisQ29615496
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate decisions under ER stress and beyondQ29615499
Food-related illness and death in the United StatesQ29615940
Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosisQ29617748
Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulumQ29619929
Rapid Apoptosis Induced by Shiga Toxin in HeLa CellsQ30310781
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, and RANTES recruit macrophages to the kidney in a mouse model of hemolytic-uremic syndromeQ30442593
Ultrasound contrast microbubbles in imaging and therapy: physical principles and engineeringQ30482585
Probing the surface of eukaryotic cells using combinatorial toxin librariesQ30699689
Activation of the caspase cascade during Stx1-induced apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cellsQ31948409
The glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide in the metastatic transformation of colon cancerQ33229926
Retrograde delivery of photosensitizer (TPPp-O-beta-GluOH)3 selectively potentiates its photodynamic activityQ33315429
Binding and transfer of verocytotoxin by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hemolytic uremic syndromeQ33332577
Detection of apoptosis in kidney biopsies of patients with D+ hemolytic uremic syndrome.Q33336219
Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 induce expression of the verocytotoxin receptor globotriaosylceramide on human endothelial cells: implications for the pathogenesis of the hemolytic uremic syndromeQ33351371
Early alterations of B cells in patients with septic shock: another piece in the complex puzzle of the immune response in sepsisQ33356168
Escherichia coli Shiga toxin 1 and TNF-alpha induce cytokine release by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cellsQ33359854
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndromeQ33365488
Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982-2002.Q33365831
Economic cost of illness due to Escherichia coli O157 infections in the United StatesQ33369600
Interactions between Shiga toxins and human polymorphonuclear leukocytesQ33380350
Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: distinct mechanisms of pathogenesisQ33383009
The association of Shiga-like toxin with detergent-resistant membranes is modulated by glucosylceramide and is an essential requirement in the endoplasmic reticulum for a cytotoxic effectQ34407346
Shigellosis or bacillary dysenteryQ34578237
Neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses in the central nervous system of a rabbit treated with Shiga toxin-2Q34589587
Shiga toxin 1 triggers a ribotoxic stress response leading to p38 and JNK activation and induction of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cellsQ34715023
Shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cellsQ34719609
Regulation of innate immunity through RNA structure and the protein kinase PKR.Q34786169
Effects of Shiga toxin type 2 on a bioengineered three-dimensional model of human renal tissueQ34889826
Human breast cancer and lymph node metastases express Gb3 and can be targeted by STxB-vectorized chemotherapeutic compounds.Q34897367
The treatment of malignant meningioma with verotoxinQ34929060
Shiga toxin receptor glycolipid binding. Pathology and utilityQ34957504
Shiga toxin interactions with the intestinal epitheliumQ34957615
Shiga toxin 2-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress is minimized by activated protein C but does not correlate with lethal kidney injury.Q35003696
A novel mechanism of bacterial toxin transfer within host blood cell-derived microvesiclesQ35125841
Differential response of the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 to Shiga toxin types 1 and 2.Q35191964
Glycolipid binding preferences of Shiga toxin variantsQ35199053
Shiga toxins induce autophagy leading to differential signalling pathways in toxin-sensitive and toxin-resistant human cellsQ35214193
Differentiation-associated toxin receptor modulation, cytokine production, and sensitivity to Shiga-like toxins in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines.Q35480200
Ribosome-inactivating proteins: entry into mammalian cells and intracellular routingQ35794001
Shiga toxins induce autophagic cell death in intestinal epithelial cells via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathwayQ35852939
Survival and apoptosis signals in ER stress: the role of protein kinases.Q35885350
Protein toxins: intracellular trafficking for targeted therapy.Q36132002
Multicenter evaluation of a sequence-based protocol for subtyping Shiga toxins and standardizing Stx nomenclatureQ36172302
Shiga Toxins Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway To Promote Both Production of the Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1β and Apoptotic Cell DeathQ36410999
Binding of adenine to Stx2, the protein toxin from Escherichia coli O157:H7.Q36459565
Estimates of illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths caused by major bacterial enteric pathogens in young children in the United StatesQ41404343
Apoptosis induced in Burkitt's lymphoma cells via Gb3/CD77, a glycolipid antigen.Q41517521
Accumulating evidence suggests that several AB-toxins subvert the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway to enter target cellsQ41614148
Toxin-induced cell lysis: protection by 3-methyladenine and cycloheximideQ41985394
Shiga toxin is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum following interaction with the luminal chaperone HEDJ/ERdj3.Q42065084
Kinetic analysis of binding between Shiga toxin and receptor glycolipid Gb3Cer by surface plasmon resonanceQ43738152
Molecular basis for up-regulation by inflammatory cytokines of Shiga toxin 1 cytotoxicity and globotriaosylceramide expressionQ44137094
Induction of apoptosis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells by shiga toxin 1.Q44267023
Shiga toxin induces decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 concomitant with the onset of endothelial apoptosisQ44538969
Structure of shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7.Q44838252
Verotoxin induces apoptosis and the complete, rapid, long-term elimination of human astrocytoma xenografts in nude miceQ44901937
Inhibitory effect of tyrphostin 47 on Shiga toxin-induced cell death.Q44934045
Human colorectal tumors and metastases express Gb3 and can be targeted by an intestinal pathogen-based delivery toolQ46440038
Shiga toxin B-subunit binds to the chaperone BiP and the nucleolar protein B23.Q46457210
Inoculum size in shigellosis and implications for expected mode of transmissionQ47172816
Shiga-like toxin-1 receptor on human breast cancer, lymphoma, and myeloma and absence from CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells: implications for ex vivo tumor purging and autologous stem cell transplantation.Q47622602
Interaction of Shiga toxins with human brain microvascular endothelial cells: cytokines as sensitizing agentsQ48117465
Furin-induced cleavage and activation of Shiga toxinQ49165095
Insertion and orientation of a synthetic peptide representing the C-terminus of the A1 domain of Shiga toxin into phospholipid membranes.Q50537524
A new delivery system for auristatin in STxB-drug conjugate therapy.Q50992264
Tumor delivery of ultrasound contrast agents using Shiga toxin B subunit.Q51585578
Shiga toxin-mediated retrograde delivery of a topoisomerase I inhibitor prodrug.Q51795901
In vivo tumor targeting using a novel intestinal pathogen-based delivery approach.Q53528575
Isolation and characterization of Shigella shigae cytotoxin.Q54559095
A new route of transmission for Escherichia coli: infection from dry fermented salami.Q54584730
Verotoxin receptor glycolipid in human renal tissue.Q54736253
Membrane cytosolic translocation of verotoxin A1 subunit in target cells.Q54737751
Reflexion contrast, a new microscopic technicQ55032717
Hemolytic uremic syndromeQ57701679
Cytokine secretion in acute shigellosis is correlated to disease activity and directed more to stool than to plasmaQ58823347
Retrograde transport of endocytosed Shiga toxin to the endoplasmic reticulumQ59097697
Microinjected oligonucleotides complementary to the alpha-sarcin loop of 28 S RNA abolish protein synthesis in Xenopus oocytesQ68708746
Verocytotoxin-1 induces apoptosis in vero cellsQ72056217
Role of processing and intracellular transport for optimal toxicity of Shiga toxin and toxin mutantsQ72210047
Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains associated with haemorrhagic colitis in the United States produce a Shigella dysenteriae 1 (SHIGA) like cytotoxinQ72548803
Role of the disulfide bond in Shiga toxin A-chain for toxin entry into cellsQ73248328
Apoptosis of renal tubular cells in Shiga-toxin-mediated hemolytic uremic syndromeQ73599335
Increased serum IL-10 and endothelin levels in hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli O157Q73644789
Escherichia coli Shiga toxins induce apoptosis in epithelial cells that is regulated by the Bcl-2 familyQ73761493
Orientation in lipid bilayers of a synthetic peptide representing the C-terminus of the A1 domain of shiga toxin. A polarized ATR-FTIR studyQ73940499
Shiga toxinsQ74609189
Shiga toxins--not just cytotoxins anymoreQ77308431
Hemolytic uremic syndrome and death in persons with Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, foodborne diseases active surveillance network sites, 2000-2006.Q33386636
Distinct physiologic and inflammatory responses elicited in baboons after challenge with Shiga toxin type 1 or 2 from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coliQ33388849
Endothelial damage induced by Shiga toxins delivered by neutrophils during transmigrationQ33389052
Complement activation on platelet-leukocyte complexes and microparticles in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-induced hemolytic uremic syndromeQ33394691
Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011: a microbiological studyQ33395933
German outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 associated with sproutsQ33397821
Microparticle generation and leucocyte death in Shiga toxin-mediated HUS.Q33399130
Shiga toxin 1 induces on lipopolysaccharide-treated astrocytes the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha that alter brain-like endothelium integrityQ33400603
Shiga toxins and the pathophysiology of hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans and animalsQ33404640
Distinct renal pathology and a chemotactic phenotype after enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli shiga toxins in non-human primate models of hemolytic uremic syndromeQ33405827
Identification of TLR4 as the receptor that recognizes Shiga toxins in human neutrophilsQ33410575
Expression of verotoxin-1 receptor Gb3 in breast cancer tissue and verotoxin-1 signal transduction to apoptosisQ33412880
Upregulation of Shiga toxin receptor CD77/Gb3 and interleukin-1β expression in the brain of EHEC patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome and neurologic symptomsQ33416244
Overview and Historical PerspectivesQ33419782
Effects of verocytotoxin-1 on nonadherent human monocytes: binding characteristics, protein synthesis, and induction of cytokine release.Q33496269
Effects of TNF alpha on verocytotoxin cytotoxicity in purified human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells.Q33498793
Apoptosis of renal cortical cells in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome: in vivo and in vitro studiesQ33501527
Chemokine expression in the monocytic cell line THP-1 in response to purified shiga toxin 1 and/or lipopolysaccharidesQ33557728
Shiga toxin-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha expression: requirement for toxin enzymatic activity and monocyte protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinasesQ33599604
Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategiesQ33749510
Induction of verotoxin sensitivity in receptor-deficient cell lines using the receptor glycolipid globotriosylceramideQ33837961
Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: discoverer of the dysentery bacillusQ33877398
Characterization of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) toxin purified by anti-Shiga toxin affinity chromatographyQ33909058
Targeting of Shiga toxin B-subunit to retrograde transport route in association with detergent-resistant membranesQ33944092
Shiga toxin 2 and flagellin from shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli superinduce interleukin-8 through synergistic effects on host stress-activated protein kinase activationQ33963113
Hematopoietic cell kinase associates with the 40S ribosomal subunit and mediates the ribotoxic stress response to deoxynivalenol in mononuclear phagocytesQ33988602
Signaling through C/EBP homologous protein and death receptor 5 and calpain activation differentially regulate THP-1 cell maturation-dependent apoptosis induced by Shiga toxin type 1Q34045050
Site of action of a Vero toxin (VT2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and of Shiga toxin on eukaryotic ribosomes. RNA N-glycosidase activity of the toxins.Q34049372
Structure, biological functions and applications of the AB5 toxinsQ34102115
Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in disease using a mouse model of Shiga toxin-mediated renal damage.Q34119320
Shiga toxin binding to glycolipids and glycansQ34163196
Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coliQ34177128
Caspases: a molecular switch node in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosisQ34284072
Shiga toxinsQ34298388
Macropinocytosis in Shiga toxin 1 uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells and transcellular transcytosisQ37086199
Protein kinase PKR-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases occurs through mitochondrial adapter IPS-1 and is antagonized by vaccinia virus E3L.Q37191825
Shiga toxin 1-induced proinflammatory cytokine production is regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathwayQ37333366
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli suppresses inflammatory response to cytokines and its own toxinQ37337686
Bcl-2 regulates the onset of shiga toxin 1-induced apoptosis in THP-1 cellsQ37451195
Shiga toxins--from cell biology to biomedical applicationsQ37659792
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and BCL-2 Family MembersQ37797389
Shiga toxin and its use in targeted cancer therapy and imagingQ37831422
Multiple organ failure in sepsis: prognosis and role of systemic inflammatory responseQ37846478
How ricin and Shiga toxin reach the cytosol of target cells: retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulumQ37901423
Characteristics of the Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 German outbreak strain and of STEC strains isolated in Spain.Q37958640
The induction of apoptosis by Shiga toxins and ricinQ37963278
Autophagy, apoptosis, mitoptosis and necrosis: interdependence between those pathways and effects on cancerQ38066407
The role of cell signalling in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosisQ38168965
Shiga toxins expressed by human pathogenic bacteria induce immune responses in host cellsQ38175364
Lipid requirements for entry of protein toxins into cellsQ38181787
Unfolded protein response in hepatitis C virus infectionQ38218108
Microbe- and danger-induced inflammationQ38231107
Bacteria, the endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response: friends or foes?Q38298375
Affinities of Shiga toxins 1 and 2 for univalent and oligovalent Pk-trisaccharide analogs measured by electrospray ionization mass spectrometryQ38299354
Interaction of the Shiga-like toxin type 1 B-subunit with its carbohydrate receptorQ38301508
A role for the protease-sensitive loop region of Shiga-like toxin 1 in the retrotranslocation of its A1 domain from the endoplasmic reticulum lumenQ38328315
Solution structure of the complex between the B-subunit homopentamer of verotoxin VT-1 from Escherichia coli and the trisaccharide moiety of globotriaosylceramide.Q38334764
Regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression by the ribotoxic stress response elicited by Shiga toxin type 1 in human macrophage-like THP-1 cellsQ39376598
Tumor-specific targeting of pancreatic cancer with Shiga toxin B-subunitQ39501025
Caspase-8-mediated cleavage of Bid and protein phosphatase 2A-mediated activation of Bax are necessary for Verotoxin-1-induced apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cellsQ39778110
In vivo tumor targeting by the B-subunit of shiga toxinQ39898598
ZAK: a MAP3Kinase that transduces Shiga toxin- and ricin-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression.Q40003950
Effects of the VEGFR inhibitor ZD6474 in combination with radiotherapy and temozolomide in an orthotopic glioma modelQ40019510
Ribotoxic stress response: activation of the stress-activated protein kinase JNK1 by inhibitors of the peptidyl transferase reaction and by sequence-specific RNA damage to the alpha-sarcin/ricin loop in the 28S rRNA.Q40022423
Shiga toxin 1 induces apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human monocytic cellsQ40051377
Verotoxin-1 stimulation of macrophage-like THP-1 cells up-regulates tissue factor expression through activation of c-Yes tyrosine kinase: Possible signal transduction in tissue factor up-regulationQ40239876
Role of Shiga toxin versus H7 flagellin in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli signalling of human colon epithelium in vivo.Q40293264
Shiga toxin 1-induced cytokine production is mediated by MAP kinase pathways and translation initiation factor eIF4E in the macrophage-like THP-1 cell lineQ40348838
Comparative evaluation of apoptosis induced by Shiga toxin 1 and/or lipopolysaccharides in human monocytic and macrophage-like cells.Q40450494
Regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression by Shiga toxin 1 and/or lipopolysaccharides in the human monocytic cell line THP-1Q40564019
Verotoxin induces rapid elimination of human renal tumor xenografts in SCID miceQ40591684
Verotoxin sensitivity of ECV304 cells in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft tumour model: VT1 as a tumour neovascular markerQ40596409
Two distinct Gb3/CD77 signaling pathways leading to apoptosis are triggered by anti-Gb3/CD77 mAb and verotoxin-1.Q40639628
Role of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) in deoxynivalenol-induced ribotoxic stress responseQ40644043
Shiga toxin 1-induced activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and p38 in the human monocytic cell line THP-1: possible involvement in the production of TNF-alpha.Q40758329
Novel role for JNK as a stress-activated Bcl2 kinaseQ40809860
The identification of three biologically relevant globotriaosyl ceramide receptor binding sites on the Verotoxin 1 B subunitQ40949783
Translocation of verotoxin-1 across T84 monolayers: mechanism of bacterial toxin penetration of epitheliumQ41070932
Bcl-2 phosphorylation required for anti-apoptosis functionQ41111068
P275copyright licenseCreative Commons AttributionQ6905323
P6216copyright statuscopyrightedQ50423863
P433issue3
P407language of work or nameEnglishQ1860
P921main subjectenzymeQ8047
pathogenesisQ372016
P304page(s)77
P577publication date2016-03-01
2016-03-17
P1433published inToxinsQ15724569
P1476titleShiga Toxins as Multi-Functional Proteins: Induction of Host Cellular Stress Responses, Role in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Applications
P478volume8

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