Current Status of Latency Reversing Agents Facing the Heterogeneity of HIV-1 Cellular and Tissue Reservoirs

scientific article published on 01 January 2019

Current Status of Latency Reversing Agents Facing the Heterogeneity of HIV-1 Cellular and Tissue Reservoirs is …
instance of (P31):
scholarly articleQ13442814
review articleQ7318358

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P356DOI10.3389/FMICB.2019.03060
P932PMC publication ID6993040
P698PubMed publication ID32038533

P50authorAnna Kula-PacurarQ95605915
Stéphane De WitQ47006685
Gilles DarcisQ47143122
P2093author name stringAlessandro Marcello
Olivier Rohr
Carine Van Lint
Patrick W G Mallon
Roxane Verdikt
Amina Ait-Ammar
Virginie Gautier
P2860cites workGenetic Evidence That Naive T Cells Can Contribute Significantly to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Intact Reservoir: Time to Re-evaluate Their RoleQ91819323
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Interferon-inducible TRIM22 contributes to maintenance of HIV-1 proviral latency in T cell linesQ92344530
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Expression of CD20 after viral reactivation renders HIV-reservoir cells susceptible to RituximabQ92668726
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Latency reversal agents affect differently the latent reservoir present in distinct CD4+ T subpopulationsQ92697820
HIV Rebound Is Predominantly Fueled by Genetically Identical Viral Expansions from Diverse ReservoirsQ93020860
HIV Silencing and Inducibility Are Heterogeneous and Are Affected by Factors Intrinsic to the VirusQ93023822
CD32 expressing doublets in HIV-infected gut-associated lymphoid tissue are associated with a T follicular helper cell phenotypeQ93025028
A novel bromodomain inhibitor, CPI-203, serves as an HIV-1 latency-reversing agent by activating positive transcription elongation factor bQ93129465
Recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes by CTIP2 promotes HIV-1 transcriptional silencingQ24294385
Regulation of HIV-1 gene expression by histone acetylation and factor recruitment at the LTR promoterQ24634457
Recruitment of Tat to heterochromatin protein HP1 via interaction with CTIP2 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in microglial cellsQ24679559
Redefining the viral reservoirs that prevent HIV-1 eradicationQ26827255
Histone deacetylase inhibitors impair the elimination of HIV-infected cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytesQ27324527
Retroviruses use CD169-mediated trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes to establish infectionQ27331323
Are T cells the only HIV-1 reservoir?Q28078850
7SK small nuclear RNA binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK9/cyclin T complexesQ28116607
NELF, a multisubunit complex containing RD, cooperates with DSIF to repress RNA polymerase II elongationQ28141291
The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibits the CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase to control transcriptionQ28206012
A human memory T cell subset with stem cell-like propertiesQ28248395
A novel CDK9-associated C-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop-specific binding to TAR RNAQ28263974
Epigenetic regulation of HIV-1 latency by cytosine methylationQ28475636
Deep molecular characterization of HIV-1 dynamics under suppressive HAARTQ28477677
An in-depth comparison of latent HIV-1 reactivation in multiple cell model systems and resting CD4+ T cells from aviremic patientsQ28538015
Activation of HIV transcription with short-course vorinostat in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapyQ28544949
Synergistic Reactivation of Latent HIV Expression by Ingenol-3-Angelate, PEP005, Targeted NF-kB Signaling in Combination with JQ1 Induced p-TEFb ActivationQ28546901
An In-Depth Comparison of Latency-Reversing Agent Combinations in Various In Vitro and Ex Vivo HIV-1 Latency Models Identified Bryostatin-1+JQ1 and Ingenol-B+JQ1 to Potently Reactivate Viral Gene ExpressionQ28546918
HIV-1 structural gene expression requires the binding of multiple Rev monomers to the viral RRE: implications for HIV-1 latencyQ28646762
Analysis of HIV quasispecies suggests compartmentalization in the liverQ42266226
In Vivo Suppression of HIV Rebound by Didehydro-Cortistatin A, a "Block-and-Lock" Strategy for HIV-1 Treatment.Q42381408
CBF-1 promotes transcriptional silencing during the establishment of HIV-1 latencyQ42573954
c-Myc and Sp1 contribute to proviral latency by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoterQ42638819
Frequency of class I HLA-restricted anti-HIV CD8+ T cells in individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Q42691966
Differential expression of CD45RO (UCHL1) and its functional relevance in two subpopulations of circulating TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytesQ42937731
Orientation-dependent regulation of integrated HIV-1 expression by host gene transcriptional readthrough.Q43226911
Prostratin: activation of latent HIV-1 expression suggests a potential inductive adjuvant therapy for HAART.Q43792135
Both CD31(+) and CD31⁻ naive CD4(+) T cells are persistent HIV type 1-infected reservoirs in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapyQ43941310
Comparison of HIV-1 pol and env sequences of blood, CSF, brain and spleen isolates collected ante-mortem and post-mortemQ44740845
Negative regulation of HIV-1 transcription by a heterodimeric NF-κB1/p50 and C-terminally truncated STAT5 complexQ44807679
Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of depsipeptide (FR901228) in nonhuman primatesQ44813168
HIV-1 pre-mRNA commitment to Rev mediated export through PSF and Matrin 3.Q45372623
Male genital tract compartmentalization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV).Q45395687
Genetic differences between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subpopulations in faeces and serumQ45757845
Identification of Genetically Intact HIV-1 Proviruses in Specific CD4+ T Cells from Effectively Treated Participants.Q46281767
The Spleen Is an HIV-1 Sanctuary During Combined Antiretroviral TherapyQ46584933
Unique monocyte subset in patients with AIDS dementiaQ46631395
BET inhibitors RVX-208 and PFI-1 reactivate HIV-1 from latencyQ47120827
Curaxin CBL0100 Blocks HIV-1 Replication and Reactivation through Inhibition of Viral Transcriptional ElongationQ47201695
Integrin α4β7 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes.Q47549153
Higher sequence diversity in the vaginal tract than in blood at early HIV-1 infection.Q47551736
PD-1 blockade in HIV-infected patients with lung cancer: a new challenge or already a strategy?Q47551808
A new quinoline BRD4 inhibitor targets a distinct latent HIV-1 reservoir for re-activation from other 'shock' drugsQ47552249
Getting the "Kill" into "Shock and Kill": Strategies to Eliminate Latent HIV.Q47555333
Chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor-based anticancer drug, effectively reactivates latent HIV-1 provirus.Q47583584
CTLA-4+PD-1- Memory CD4+ T Cells Critically Contribute to Viral Persistence in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed, SIV-Infected Rhesus MacaquesQ47608280
HIV-1 infection of monocytes is directly related to the success of HAART.Q48078114
Blood CXCR3+ CD4 T Cells Are Enriched in Inducible Replication Competent HIV in Aviremic Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated IndividualsQ49829305
HIV latency is reversed by ACSS2-driven histone crotonylationQ49851068
Drastic decrease of the HIV reservoir in a patient treated with nivolumab for lung cancerQ50066861
Monocytes harbour replication-competent, non-latent HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.Q52021616
The KAT5-Acetyl-Histone4-Brd4 axis silences HIV-1 transcription and promotes viral latency.Q52312695
HIV latency in isolated patient CD4+ T cells may be due to blocks in HIV transcriptional elongation, completion, and splicing.Q52680785
BI-2536 and BI-6727, dual Polo-like kinase/bromodomain inhibitors, effectively reactivate latent HIV-1.Q52687695
Maraviroc is associated with latent HIV-1 reactivation through NF-κB activation in resting CD4+ T cells from HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.Q52695029
Increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity and infectious burden in peripheral blood and gut-associated CD4+ T cells expressing CD30.Q52731001
Novel Latency Reversal Agents for HIV-1 Cure.Q52816327
CTL fail to accumulate at sites of HIV-1 replication in lymphoid tissue.Q53551795
CD32 is expressed on cells with transcriptionally active HIV but does not enrich for HIV DNA in resting T cells.Q53822439
Detection of infectious HIV in circulating monocytes from patients on prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy.Q54057499
CD32-Expressing CD4 T Cells Are Phenotypically Diverse and Can Contain Proviral HIV DNA.Q54204987
Targeting the Latent Reservoir for HIV-1.Q54210140
Seminal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Chronically Infected Cynomolgus Macaques Is Dominated by Virus Originating from Multiple Genital Organs.Q54222581
Distinct chromatin functional states correlate with HIV latency reactivation in infected primary CD4+ T Cells.Q54224088
Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Latent and Reactivated HIV-Infected Cells.Q54228206
Reduction in terminally differentiated T cells in virologically controlled HIV-infected aging patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy.Q55281020
Diverse Impacts of HIV Latency-Reversing Agents on CD8+ T-Cell Function: Implications for HIV Cure.Q55455666
The RNA surveillance proteins UPF1, UPF2 and SMG6 affect HIV-1 reactivation at a post-transcriptional level.Q55514032
HIV-1 DNA load analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes from naïve and HAART-treated individualsQ56993481
Single-Cell Analysis of Quiescent HIV Infection Reveals Host Transcriptional Profiles that Regulate Proviral LatencyQ57044843
Inconsistent HIV reservoir dynamics and immune responses following anti-PD-1 therapy in cancer patients with HIV infectionQ57053202
Combination of a Latency-Reversing Agent With a Smac Mimetic Minimizes Secondary HIV-1 InfectionQ57072848
Greater diversity of HIV DNA variants in the rectum compared to variants in the blood in patients without HAARTQ57095890
Histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide promotes reactivation of latent human immunodeficiency virus by introducing histone acetylationQ57164880
Discordance Between Cerebral Spinal Fluid and Plasma HIV Replication in Patients with Neurological Symptoms Who Are Receiving Suppressive Antiretroviral TherapyQ57176735
Genetic characterization of the HIV-1 reservoir after Vacc-4x and romidepsin therapy in HIV-1-infected individualsQ57201701
Exposure to Prostratin but Not Bryostatin-1 Improves Natural Killer Cell Functions Including Killing of CD4 T Cells Harboring Reactivated Human Immunodeficiency VirusQ57565007
Programmed cell death-1 contributes to the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latencyQ58003757
Metagenomic sequencing of HIV-1 in the blood and female genital tract reveals little quasispecies diversity during acute infectionQ58089557
Sex-Based Differences in HIV-1 Reservoir Activity and Residual Immune ActivationQ58104425
BIRC2/cIAP1 Is a Negative Regulator of HIV-1 Transcription and Can Be Targeted by Smac Mimetics to Promote Reversal of Viral Latency.Q36198250
Convergence of TCR and cytokine signaling leads to FOXO3a phosphorylation and drives the survival of CD4+ central memory T cellsQ36228932
Early Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Lower HIV DNA Molecular Diversity and Lower Inflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Does Not Prevent the Establishment of Compartmentalized HIV DNA PopulationsQ36238501
Immunological biomarkers predict HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment interruptionQ36250043
LEDGF/p75 interacts with mRNA splicing factors and targets HIV-1 integration to highly spliced genesQ36286785
Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibition activate transcription via transient release of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) from 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoproteinQ36332978
Stimulation of HIV-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes facilitates elimination of latent viral reservoir after virus reactivationQ36409885
In Vitro Reactivation of Replication-Competent and Infectious HIV-1 by Histone Deacetylase InhibitorsQ36523946
Sequential treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and deacetylase inhibitors reactivates HIV-1.Q36525896
Follicular helper T cells serve as the major CD4 T cell compartment for HIV-1 infection, replication, and productionQ36547664
HIV latency: experimental systems and molecular models.Q36585019
In vivo, in vitro, and in silico analysis of methylation of the HIV-1 provirus.Q36592182
Development of 5' LTR DNA methylation of latent HIV-1 provirus in cell line models and in long-term-infected individualsQ36596027
Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cells Are Highly Permissive to HIV-1 and Alter Their Phenotype during Virus ReplicationQ36655850
Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells Are the Major HIV Reservoir within Central Memory CD4 T Cells in Peripheral Blood from Chronically HIV-Infected Individuals on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.Q36736667
HIV-1 and T cell dynamics after interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with a history of sustained viral suppressionQ36781531
The BET inhibitor OTX015 reactivates latent HIV-1 through P-TEFbQ36790027
CD133+ hematopoietic progenitor cells harbor HIV genomes in a subset of optimally treated people with long-term viral suppressionQ36846285
HIV-1 transcription and latency: an updateQ36976156
Long noncoding RNA NRON contributes to HIV-1 latency by specifically inducing tat protein degradationQ37010047
The Effect of Latency Reversal Agents on Primary CD8+ T Cells: Implications for Shock and Kill Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus EradicationQ37034469
LEDGIN-mediated Inhibition of Integrase-LEDGF/p75 Interaction Reduces Reactivation of Residual Latent HIVQ37035177
Reactivation of HIV latency by a newly modified Ingenol derivative via protein kinase Cδ-NF-κB signalingQ37041173
CTIP2 is a negative regulator of P-TEFbQ37068686
Defining HIV and SIV Reservoirs in Lymphoid Tissues.Q37090999
High levels of CD2 expression identify HIV-1 latently infected resting memory CD4+ T cells in virally suppressed subjects.Q37123276
The differential short- and long-term effects of HIV-1 latency-reversing agents on T cell functionQ37144949
HIV DNA and cognition in a Thai longitudinal HAART initiation cohort: the SEARCH 001 Cohort StudyQ37180359
The distribution of HIV DNA and RNA in cell subsets differs in gut and blood of HIV-positive patients on ART: implications for viral persistenceQ37187497
Defective proviruses rapidly accumulate during acute HIV-1 infectionQ37239064
Expression of latent human immunodeficiency type 1 is induced by novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitorsQ37257484
Broad activation of latent HIV-1 in vivoQ37260309
Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in central memory CD4⁺ T cells through TLR-1/2 stimulationQ37305160
Compartmentalized HIV rebound in the central nervous system after interruption of antiretroviral therapyQ37354047
Directly infected resting CD4+T cells can produce HIV Gag without spreading infection in a model of HIV latencyQ28728736
HIV-1 integration in the human genome favors active genes and local hotspotsQ29618457
HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferationQ29619611
Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infectionQ29619738
A Subset of Latency-Reversing Agents Expose HIV-Infected Resting CD4+ T-Cells to Recognition by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes.Q30385378
Peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Are a Novel Reservoir of Latent HIV InfectionQ30400191
HIV-1 Recruits UPF1 but Excludes UPF2 to Promote Nucleocytoplasmic Export of the Genomic RNA.Q30488459
Romidepsin-induced HIV-1 viremia during effective ART contains identical viral sequences with few deleterious mutationsQ30490742
Designed, synthetically accessible bryostatin analogues potently induce activation of latent HIV reservoirs in vitroQ30558754
HMBA releases P-TEFb from HEXIM1 and 7SK snRNA via PI3K/Akt and activates HIV transcriptionQ30835037
Stochastic gene expression in a lentiviral positive-feedback loop: HIV-1 Tat fluctuations drive phenotypic diversityQ33220546
Nuclear retention of multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA in resting CD4+ T cellsQ33250088
HIV-1 TAR element is processed by Dicer to yield a viral micro-RNA involved in chromatin remodeling of the viral LTRQ33292464
Resting regulatory CD4 T cells: a site of HIV persistence in patients on long-term effective antiretroviral therapyQ33373073
Control of stochastic gene expression by host factors at the HIV promoterQ33398516
miR-198 inhibits HIV-1 gene expression and replication in monocytes and its mechanism of action appears to involve repression of cyclin T1Q33400321
Synergistic activation of HIV-1 expression by deacetylase inhibitors and prostratin: implications for treatment of latent infectionQ33476165
CpG methylation controls reactivation of HIV from latencyQ33495565
Negative elongation factor is required for the maintenance of proviral latency but does not induce promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II on the HIV long terminal repeatQ33602605
Semen-specific genetic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env.Q33717839
An HIV-encoded antisense long noncoding RNA epigenetically regulates viral transcriptionQ33724213
The CCR5-antagonist Maraviroc reverses HIV-1 latency in vitro alone or in combination with the PKC-agonist Bryostatin-1Q33725916
Vaginal myeloid dendritic cells transmit founder HIV-1.Q33744037
Epigenetic analysis of HIV-1 proviral genomes from infected individuals: predominance of unmethylated CpG's.Q33768729
Benzotriazoles Reactivate Latent HIV-1 through Inactivation of STAT5 SUMOylation.Q33771155
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 populations in blood and semenQ33782102
HIV DNA in circulating monocytes as a mechanism to dementia and other HIV complicationsQ33805298
High-throughput Characterization of HIV-1 Reservoir Reactivation Using a Single-Cell-in-Droplet PCR AssayQ33817708
Entinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor selective for class 1 histone deacetylases and activates HIV production from latently infected primary T cells.Q33838633
Decay kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapyQ33843388
Involvement of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase G9a in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency and its reactivation by BIX01294.Q33883423
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 ASP RNA promotes viral latency by recruiting the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 and promoting nucleosome assemblyQ33893725
Chromatin disruption in the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during transcriptional activation.Q34057748
Altered viral fitness and drug susceptibility in HIV-1 carrying mutations that confer resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase and integrase strand transfer inhibitorsQ34059119
Disulfiram reactivates latent HIV-1 expression through depletion of the phosphatase and tensin homologQ34284559
Evidence that CD32a does not mark the HIV-1 latent reservoir.Q59076591
Posttranscriptional Regulation of HIV-1 Gene Expression during Replication and Reactivation from Latency by Nuclear Matrix Protein MATR3Q59132651
Detection of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma samples from treated patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA in blood plasmaQ59151109
Estrogen receptor-1 is a key regulator of HIV-1 latency that imparts gender-specific restrictions on the latent reservoirQ59355676
HIV-1 latent reservoir size and diversity are stable following brief treatment interruptionQ59358567
Gut and blood differ in constitutive blocks to HIV transcription, suggesting tissue-specific differences in the mechanisms that govern HIV latencyQ59805107
Procyanidin trimer C1 reactivates latent HIV as a triple combination therapy with kansui and JQ1Q59811612
HIV-1 infection increases microRNAs that inhibit Dicer1, HRB and HIV-EP2, thereby reducing viral replicationQ61809755
Insight in HIV Integration Site Selection Provides a Block-and-Lock Strategy for a Functional Cure of HIV InfectionQ61813266
Characterization of the HIV-1 transcription profile after romidepsin administration in ART-suppressed individualsQ63727608
Characterization of Intact Proviruses in Blood and Lymph Node from HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Analytical Treatment InterruptionQ63728944
Single-cell characterization and quantification of translation-competent viral reservoirs in treated and untreated HIV infectionQ64097650
Persistent Viral Reservoirs in Lymphoid Tissues in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques of Chinese-Origin on Suppressive Antiretroviral TherapyQ64253365
Nephropathy and establishment of a renal reservoir of HIV type 1 during primary infectionQ74111073
Subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 quasispecies between seminal cells and seminal plasma indicates their origin in distinct genital tissuesQ78678650
Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of HIV-1 RNA and DNA loads in blood and the female genital tractQ80997535
Lower genitourinary tract sources of seminal HIVQ83230103
Histone methyltransferase inhibitors induce HIV-1 recovery in resting CD4(+) T cells from HIV-1-infected HAART-treated patientsQ84066778
Persistent HIV RNA shedding in semen despite effective antiretroviral therapyQ84473924
Using Barcoded HIV Ensembles (B-HIVE) for Single Provirus TranscriptomicsQ88931790
Variation in cell-associated unspliced HIV RNA on antiretroviral therapy is associated with the circadian regulator brain-and-muscle-ARNT-like-1Q90035728
HIV-1 Vpr mediates the depletion of the cellular repressor CTIP2 to counteract viral gene silencingQ90069375
Differentiation into an Effector Memory Phenotype Potentiates HIV-1 Latency Reversal in CD4+ T CellsQ90440611
Infrequent HIV Infection of Circulating Monocytes during Antiretroviral TherapyQ90616753
The Quest for Cellular Markers of HIV Reservoirs: Any Color You LikeQ90733079
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Are a Distinct HIV Reservoir that Contributes to Persistent Viremia in Suppressed PatientsQ90776929
Resident memory T cells are a cellular reservoir for HIV in the cervical mucosaQ90811783
Apobec3A maintains HIV-1 latency through recruitment of epigenetic silencing machinery to the long terminal repeatQ91168113
Fimepinostat, a novel dual inhibitor of HDAC and PI3K, effectively reverses HIV-1 latency ex vivo without T cell activationQ91176634
Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the BrainQ91219472
Intact HIV-1 proviruses accumulate at distinct chromosomal positions during prolonged antiretroviral therapyQ91247946
A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 provirusesQ91284113
HIV-1 reservoirs in urethral macrophages of patients under suppressive antiretroviral therapyQ91341307
Naive CD4+ T Cells Harbor a Large Inducible Reservoir of Latent, Replication-competent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1Q91501278
Resistance to the Tat Inhibitor Didehydro-Cortistatin A Is Mediated by Heightened Basal HIV-1 TranscriptionQ91563978
Heterogeneous HIV-1 Reactivation Patterns of Disulfiram and Combined Disulfiram+Romidepsin TreatmentsQ91618889
Premature aging of T cells is associated with faster HIV-1 disease progressionQ37399302
Short-term administration of disulfiram for reversal of latent HIV infection: a phase 2 dose-escalation studyQ37413059
Development of an Attenuated Tat Protein as a Highly-effective Agent to Specifically Activate HIV-1 LatencyQ37419972
The integrin alpha4beta7 forms a complex with cell-surface CD4 and defines a T-cell subset that is highly susceptible to infection by HIV-1.Q37428017
Characterization of Cdk9 T-loop phosphorylation in resting and activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes.Q37429329
HIV persists in CCR6+CD4+ T cells from colon and blood during antiretroviral therapyQ37461290
Promoter Targeting shRNA Suppresses HIV-1 Infection In vivo Through Transcriptional Gene SilencingQ37489352
The kidney as a reservoir for HIV-1 after renal transplantationQ37524140
Persistent HIV-1 replication is associated with lower antiretroviral drug concentrations in lymphatic tissuesQ37587740
A pilot study assessing the safety and latency-reversing activity of disulfiram in HIV-1-infected adults on antiretroviral therapyQ37604524
Molecular control of HIV-1 postintegration latency: implications for the development of new therapeutic strategiesQ37644561
HIV-1 persistence in CD4+ T cells with stem cell-like propertiesQ37646541
Multiple Histone Lysine Methyltransferases Are Required for the Establishment and Maintenance of HIV-1 LatencyQ37695602
Molecular mechanisms of neuroinvasion by monocytes-macrophages in HIV-1 infectionQ37726311
HMGA1 recruits CTIP2-repressed P-TEFb to the HIV-1 and cellular target promotersQ37734357
The lungs as anatomical reservoirs of HIV infectionQ38154849
HIV-1 latency in monocytes/macrophagesQ38206643
Characterization of the HIV-1 RNA associated proteome identifies Matrin 3 as a nuclear cofactor of Rev functionQ38257666
Landscape review of current HIV 'kick and kill' cure research - some kicking, not enough killing.Q38636019
CD4 is expressed on a heterogeneous subset of hematopoietic progenitors, which persistently harbor CXCR4 and CCR5-tropic HIV proviral genomes in vivo.Q38667923
Promising Role of Toll-Like Receptor 8 Agonist in Concert with Prostratin for Activation of Silent HIV.Q38727211
Hyperactivation of HUSH complex function by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease mutation in MORC2.Q38743878
A Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, AR-42, Reactivates HIV-1 from Chronically and Latently Infected CD4+ T-cellsQ38795594
HIV-1 transcriptional silencing caused by TRIM22 inhibition of Sp1 binding to the viral promoterQ38810619
Panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for latent-virus reactivation in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy: a phase 1/2, single group, clinical trialQ38958099
Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist GS-9620 Induces HIV Expression and HIV-Specific Immunity in Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral TherapyQ38971085
Short communication: SAHA (vorinostat) induces CDK9 Thr-186 (T-loop) phosphorylation in resting CD4+ T cells: implications for reactivation of latent HIV.Q39023875
Position effects influence HIV latency reversalQ39167914
Involvement of histone methyltransferase GLP in HIV-1 latency through catalysis of H3K9 dimethylationQ39173734
Reactivation capacity by latency-reversing agents ex vivo correlates with the size of the HIV-1 reservoirQ39276828
Combined effect of Vacc-4x, recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor vaccination, and romidepsin on the HIV-1 reservoir (REDUC): a single-arm, phase 1B/2A trialQ39361321
Transcription regulation through promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II.Q39442921
TLR8 activates HIV from latently infected cells of myeloid-monocytic origin directly via the MAPK pathway and from latently infected CD4+ T cells indirectly via TNF-α.Q39585002
Transcriptional interference perturbs the binding of Sp1 to the HIV-1 promoter.Q39723092
Administration of vorinostat disrupts HIV-1 latency in patients on antiretroviral therapyQ34290545
Synergistic activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter activity by NF-kappaB and inhibitors of deacetylases: potential perspectives for the development of therapeutic strategiesQ34349201
Triptolide inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by promoting proteasomal degradation of Tat proteinQ34381967
CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation are associated with HIV DNA in resting CD4+ T cellsQ34395160
Transcriptional interference antagonizes proviral gene expression to promote HIV latencyQ34443670
Nuclear architecture dictates HIV-1 integration site selection.Q34465264
A cytoplasmic RNA virus generates functional viral small RNAs and regulates viral IRES activity in mammalian cellsQ34489762
Persistence of infectious HIV on follicular dendritic cellsQ34512487
Persistence of HIV in gut-associated lymphoid tissue despite long-term antiretroviral therapyQ34588169
Cellular microRNAs contribute to HIV-1 latency in resting primary CD4+ T lymphocytesQ34695803
Healthy HIV-1-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy harbor HIV-1 in their alveolar macrophagesQ34869340
HIV DNA reservoir increases risk for cognitive disorders in cART-naïve patientsQ34922069
HIV-1 Nef sequence and functional compartmentalization in the gut is not due to differential cytotoxic T lymphocyte selective pressureQ34995124
Lack of compartmentalization of HIV-1 quasispecies between the gut and peripheral blood compartmentsQ35043695
Peripheral blood CCR4+CCR6+ and CXCR3+CCR6+CD4+ T cells are highly permissive to HIV-1 infectionQ35064033
Recent observations on HIV type-1 infection in the genital tract of men and womenQ35071029
The gut mucosal viral reservoir in HIV-infected patients is not the major source of rebound plasma viremia following interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapyQ35076758
Disulfiram reactivates latent HIV-1 in a Bcl-2-transduced primary CD4+ T cell model without inducing global T cell activationQ35077057
Monocytes mediate HIV neuropathogenesis: mechanisms that contribute to HIV associated neurocognitive disordersQ35154529
Dynamics of HIV latency and reactivation in a primary CD4+ T cell modelQ35176166
Large number of rebounding/founder HIV variants emerge from multifocal infection in lymphatic tissues after treatment interruptionQ35190018
Epigenetic silencing of HIV-1 by the histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase enhancer of Zeste 2.Q35192959
Cellular latency in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with high CD4 levels can be detected by the presence of promoter-proximal transcriptsQ35202038
Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infectionQ35219829
Human adipose tissue as a reservoir for memory CD4+ T cells and HIV.Q35318746
Broad CTL response is required to clear latent HIV-1 due to dominance of escape mutationsQ35521811
HIV envelope-mediated, CCR5/α4β7-dependent killing of CD4-negative γδ T cells which are lost during progression to AIDSQ35585948
HIV Latency Is Established Directly and Early in Both Resting and Activated Primary CD4 T Cells.Q35661660
Ex vivo analysis identifies effective HIV-1 latency-reversing drug combinations.Q35720063
Absence of HIV-1 evolution in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue from patients on combination antiviral therapy initiated during primary infection.Q35729054
The Depsipeptide Romidepsin Reverses HIV-1 Latency In VivoQ35778783
Effect of ipilimumab on the HIV reservoir in an HIV-infected individual with metastatic melanomaQ35822484
Transcriptional activation and chromatin remodeling of the HIV-1 promoter in response to histone acetylation.Q35845347
Follicular Dendritic Cells Retain Infectious HIV in Cycling EndosomesQ35856793
H3K27 Demethylation at the Proviral Promoter Sensitizes Latent HIV to the Effects of Vorinostat in Ex Vivo Cultures of Resting CD4+ T CellsQ35914266
Paucity of HIV DNA methylation in latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells from infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapyQ35943698
Longitudinal Genetic Characterization Reveals That Cell Proliferation Maintains a Persistent HIV Type 1 DNA Pool During Effective HIV TherapyQ35965172
Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and ReactivationQ36037844
Ex Vivo Bioactivity and HIV-1 Latency Reversal by Ingenol Dibenzoate and Panobinostat in Resting CD4(+) T Cells from Aviremic PatientsQ36076018
CD4+ T Cells Expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 Contribute to HIV Persistence during ART.Q36077348
Single-Cell Characterization of Viral Translation-Competent Reservoirs in HIV-Infected IndividualsQ36108518
Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies levosimendan as a novel anti-HIV-1 agent that inhibits viral transcription.Q40070005
The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA simultaneously reactivates HIV-1 from latency and up-regulates NKG2D ligands sensitizing for natural killer cell cytotoxicityQ40130732
A Novel Bromodomain Inhibitor Reverses HIV-1 Latency through Specific Binding with BRD4 to Promote Tat and P-TEFb Association.Q40150438
Crosstalk between histone modifications indicates that inhibition of arginine methyltransferase CARM1 activity reverses HIV latency.Q40150928
Suppression of microRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replicationQ40166750
Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 22 Interacts with Class II Transactivator and Orchestrates Its Recruitment in Nuclear Bodies Containing TRIM19/PML and Cyclin T1.Q40181655
Relative efficacy of T cell stimuli as inducers of productive HIV-1 replication in latently infected CD4 lymphocytes from patients on suppressive cART.Q40192992
SMYD2-Mediated Histone Methylation Contributes to HIV-1 LatencyQ40205664
HIV persistence in tissue macrophages of humanized myeloid-only mice during antiretroviral therapyQ40240401
Transient HIV-specific T cells increase and inflammation in an HIV-infected patient treated with nivolumabQ40275173
CD32a is a marker of a CD4 T-cell HIV reservoir harbouring replication-competent provirusesQ40290840
A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist, MGN1703, Enhances HIV-1 Transcription and NK Cell-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1-Infected Autologous CD4+ T CellsQ40336664
Ultrasensitive HIV-1 p24 Assay Detects Single Infected Cells and Differences in Reservoir Induction by Latency Reversal AgentsQ40375858
Assays for precise quantification of total (including short) and elongated HIV-1 transcripts.Q40391119
Exploring the anatomical HIV reservoirs: role of the testicular tissueQ40484243
Coaxing HIV-1 from resting CD4 T cells: histone deacetylase inhibition allows latent viral expressionQ40507650
HIV Latency-Reversing Agents Have Diverse Effects on Natural Killer Cell FunctionQ40515496
Immune tolerance properties of the testicular tissue as a viral sanctuary site in ART-treated HIV-infected adultsQ40525821
PD-1(+) and follicular helper T cells are responsible for persistent HIV-1 transcription in treated aviremic individualsQ40653907
Resting CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals carry integrated HIV-1 genomes within actively transcribed host genesQ40886843
Activation of latent human immunodeficiency virus by the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat: a pilot study to assess effects on the central nervous systemQ40889762
Long-term nonprogressor and elite controller patients who control viremia have a higher percentage of methylation in their HIV-1 proviral promoters than aviremic patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapyQ41167388
GENE SILENCING. Epigenetic silencing by the HUSH complex mediates position-effect variegation in human cells.Q41529408
Cells nonproductively infected with HIV-1 exhibit an aberrant pattern of viral RNA expression: a molecular model for latencyQ41730261
Replication-competent noninduced proviruses in the latent reservoir increase barrier to HIV-1 cure.Q41880147
Comparison of HDAC inhibitors in clinical development: effect on HIV production in latently infected cells and T-cell activationQ41885967
Sequential Vacc-4x and romidepsin during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART): Immune responses to Vacc-4x regions on p24 and changes in HIV reservoirs.Q41936227
Compartmentalization and clonal amplification of HIV-1 variants in the cerebrospinal fluid during primary infectionQ41978842
Cyclin T1 and CDK9 T-loop phosphorylation are downregulated during establishment of HIV-1 latency in primary resting memory CD4+ T cells.Q42052356
Suv39H1 and HP1gamma are responsible for chromatin-mediated HIV-1 transcriptional silencing and post-integration latencyQ42100247
NF-kappaB p50 promotes HIV latency through HDAC recruitment and repression of transcriptional initiationQ42128724
Quasispecies tropism and compartmentalization in gut and peripheral blood during early and chronic phases of HIV-1 infection: possible correlation with immune activation markersQ42243907
P275copyright licenseCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalQ20007257
P6216copyright statuscopyrightedQ50423863
P921main subjectheterogeneityQ928498
P304page(s)3060
P577publication date2019-01-01
P1433published inFrontiers in MicrobiologyQ27723481
P1476titleCurrent Status of Latency Reversing Agents Facing the Heterogeneity of HIV-1 Cellular and Tissue Reservoirs
P478volume10