| Q24291798 | A DAP12-mediated pathway regulates expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 and maturation of human dendritic cells |
| Q24298726 | A Genome-wide multidimensional RNAi screen reveals pathways controlling MHC class II antigen presentation |
| Q52133911 | A comparison of two types of dendritic cell as adjuvants for the induction of melanoma-specific T-cell responses in humans following intranodal injection. |
| Q36399726 | A contribution of mouse dendritic cell-derived IL-2 for NK cell activation |
| Q33289806 | A full scale comparative study of methods for generation of functional Dendritic cells for use as cancer vaccines |
| Q77394242 | A long-lasting interferon-gamma response is induced to a single inoculation of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells |
| Q49597523 | A major isoform of the E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I in antigen presenting cells has regulatory sequences within its gene |
| Q28285117 | A novel lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein, DC-LAMP, induced upon DC maturation, is transiently expressed in MHC class II compartment |
| Q36389642 | A simple mechanistic explanation for original antigenic sin and its alleviation by adjuvants |
| Q58130223 | A surface antigen of activates human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via nuclear factor-kB & p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways |
| Q36780413 | Abundant empty class II MHC molecules on the surface of immature dendritic cells |
| Q37202316 | Accelerated turnover of MHC class II molecules in nonobese diabetic mice is developmentally and environmentally regulated in vivo and dispensable for autoimmunity |
| Q33840502 | Accessory molecules for MHC class II peptide loading |
| Q36376581 | Accumulation of immature Langerhans cells in human lymph nodes draining chronically inflamed skin |
| Q55013545 | Activated dendritic cells modulate proliferation and differentiation of human myoblasts. |
| Q79661045 | Activated pDCs: open to new antigen-presentation possibilities |
| Q42414596 | Activation of the inflammasome and enhanced migration of microparticle-stimulated dendritic cells to the draining lymph node. |
| Q33325670 | Activation of tonsil dendritic cells with immuno-adjuvants |
| Q44490223 | Additive inhibition of dendritic cell allostimulatory capacity by alcohol and hepatitis C is not restored by DC maturation and involves abnormal IL-10 and IL-2 induction |
| Q91679118 | All the small things: How virus-like particles and liposomes modulate allergic immune responses |
| Q36104800 | Allele-Independent Turnover of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class Ia Molecules |
| Q40549548 | Allele-specific quantification of HLA-DQB1 gene expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction |
| Q40630456 | An Escherichia coli-based oral vaccine against urinary tract infections potently activates human dendritic cells |
| Q45731612 | An immunomodulatory protein, Ling Zhi-8, induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways. |
| Q36016814 | An insight into the dendritic cells at the maternal-fetal interface. |
| Q38874605 | Antigen Processing and Presentation Mechanisms in Myeloid Cells |
| Q33699321 | Antigen capture, processing, and presentation by dendritic cells: recent cell biological studies. |
| Q33687959 | Antigen presentation by macrophages harboring intravesicular pathogens. |
| Q74382449 | Antigen recognition |
| Q37167857 | Antigen storage compartments in mature dendritic cells facilitate prolonged cytotoxic T lymphocyte cross-priming capacity |
| Q34156635 | Antigen traffic pathways in dendritic cells |
| Q36404256 | Antigen-dependent and -independent Ca2+ responses triggered in T cells by dendritic cells compared with B cells |
| Q54531568 | Antigen-presenting cells in human radicular granulomas. |
| Q36835111 | Antigen-specific T-T interactions regulate CD4 T-cell expansion |
| Q34578548 | Apoptosis: the quiet death silences the immune system |
| Q37875476 | Arthritis in space and time--to boldly go! |
| Q38063965 | Assessment of immunotoxicity using precision-cut tissue slices. |
| Q51981447 | Assessment of myosin II, Va, VI and VIIa loss of function on endocytosis and endocytic vesicle motility in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. |
| Q24299245 | Association of the leukocyte plasma membrane with the actin cytoskeleton through coiled coil-mediated trimeric coronin 1 molecules |
| Q34296482 | Attractions and migrations of lymphoid cells in the organization of humoral immune responses |
| Q33897693 | Avoiding horror autotoxicus: the importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance |
| Q35826422 | B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cell-based genetic vaccines |
| Q63247595 | B7 costimulatory ligand regulates development of the T-cell response to Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Q36066835 | Bacteria-induced neo-biosynthesis, stabilization, and surface expression of functional class I molecules in mouse dendritic cells |
| Q33683211 | Bacterial CpG DNA activates immune cells to signal infectious danger. |
| Q37559284 | Beyond Stressed Self: Evidence for NKG2D Ligand Expression on Healthy Cells |
| Q43805226 | Bipartite regulation of different components of the MHC class I antigen-processing machinery during dendritic cell maturation |
| Q40812914 | Bm-CPI-2, a cystatin homolog secreted by the filarial parasite Brugia malayi, inhibits class II MHC-restricted antigen processing. |
| Q36576200 | Bordetella pertussis infection of primary human monocytes alters HLA-DR expression |
| Q47993508 | Bovine dendritic cells generated from monocytes and bone marrow progenitors regulate immunoglobulin production in peripheral blood B cells |
| Q27685257 | Butyrophilin 3A1 binds phosphorylated antigens and stimulates human γδ T cells |
| Q35670440 | CD1 and major histocompatibility complex II molecules follow a different course during dendritic cell maturation |
| Q37014085 | CD1 antigen presentation: how it works |
| Q34332693 | CD1-specific T cells in microbial immunity |
| Q54674741 | CD34-derived human Langerhans cells stimulate a T helper type 2 response independently of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. |
| Q48268022 | CD40 Mediates Maturation of Thymic Dendritic Cells Driven by Self-Reactive CD4+ Thymocytes and Supports Development of Natural Regulatory T Cells |
| Q34501441 | CD83 increases MHC II and CD86 on dendritic cells by opposing IL-10-driven MARCH1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. |
| Q30651730 | CLIP-derived self peptides bound to MHC class II molecules of medullary thymic epithelial cells differ from those of cortical thymic epithelial cells in their diversity, length, and C-terminal processing |
| Q61053552 | Carbon monoxide impairs mitochondria-dependent endosomal maturation and antigen presentation in dendritic cells |
| Q37003275 | Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b inhibits antigen recognition and slows cell cycle progression at late times during CD4+ T cell clonal expansion |
| Q33581801 | Caspases and nitric oxide broadly regulate dendritic cell maturation and surface expression of class II MHC proteins |
| Q36301521 | Cathepsin S controls the trafficking and maturation of MHC class II molecules in dendritic cells. |
| Q33840535 | Cathepsins and compartmentalization in antigen presentation |
| Q34341979 | Cell surface major histocompatibility complex class II proteins are regulated by the products of the gamma(1)34.5 and U(L)41 genes of herpes simplex virus 1. |
| Q36083424 | Chaperoning antigen presentation by MHC class II molecules and their role in oncogenesis |
| Q73861414 | Characterizing cellular immune response to kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) during Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis infection using dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen presenting cells (APCs) |
| Q42260980 | Characterizing the dynamics of CD4+ T cell priming within a lymph node |
| Q77723690 | Chemokines and chemokine receptors in T-cell priming and Th1/Th2-mediated responses |
| Q93020630 | Class II MHC antigen processing in immune tolerance and inflammation |
| Q73898726 | Class II-targeted antigen is superior to CD40-targeted antigen at stimulating humoral responses in vivo |
| Q36235551 | Clinical trials targeting lung cancer with active immunotherapy: the scope of vaccines |
| Q33207983 | Coccidioidomycosis: host response and vaccine development |
| Q43459073 | Confrontation between intracellular bacteria and the immune system. |
| Q36266484 | Control of MHC class II antigen presentation in dendritic cells: a balance between creative and destructive forces. |
| Q33632717 | Coordinated events during bacteria-induced DC maturation. |
| Q38331783 | CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non-specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation |
| Q42371892 | CpG-ODN Facilitates Effective Intratracheal Immunization and Recall of Memory against Neoantigen-Expressing Alveolar Cells |
| Q46908509 | Cross-presentation of NY-ESO-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope fused to human heat shock cognate protein 70 by dendritic cells |
| Q57228022 | Cross-presentation: a general mechanism for CTL immunity and tolerance |
| Q35804451 | Cross-presentation: dendritic cells and macrophages bite off more than they can chew! |
| Q38008346 | Cross-presentation: how to get there - or how to get the ER. |
| Q59355662 | Current Concepts of Antigen Cross-Presentation |
| Q37308343 | Cutting edge: TLR ligands increase TCR triggering by slowing peptide-MHC class I decay rates |
| Q44912942 | Cyclic AMP modulates the functional plasticity of immature dendritic cells by inhibiting Src-like kinases through protein kinase A-mediated signaling. |
| Q41897237 | Cytokines regulate proteolysis in major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent antigen presentation by dendritic cells |
| Q34006313 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen costimulation influences T-cell activation in response to Cryptococcus neoformans. |
| Q33931055 | Danger signals: SOS to the immune system |
| Q35877219 | Dangerous liaisons at the virological synapse |
| Q43678721 | Deletion of RBP-J in dendritic cells compromises TLR-mediated DC activation accompanied by abnormal cytoskeleton reorganization |
| Q34438938 | Dendritic Cell Activation Prevents MHC Class II Ubiquitination and Promotes MHC Class II Survival Regardless of the Activation Stimulus |
| Q38974441 | Dendritic Cell Regulation by Cannabinoid-Based Drugs |
| Q34632997 | Dendritic Cells and HIV-1 Trans-Infection |
| Q39428325 | Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Allergy: Uptake, Proteolytic Processing and Presentation of Allergens. |
| Q34038736 | Dendritic cell based tumor vaccines |
| Q36287483 | Dendritic cell biology |
| Q34129744 | Dendritic cell biology and regulation of dendritic cell trafficking by chemokines |
| Q33860782 | Dendritic cell biology and the application of dendritic cells to immunotherapy of multiple myeloma. |
| Q35789511 | Dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation in the absence of invariant chain. |
| Q50335826 | Dendritic cell maturation triggers retrograde MHC class II transport from lysosomes to the plasma membrane. |
| Q36140598 | Dendritic cell preactivation impairs MHC class II presentation of vaccines and endogenous viral antigens |
| Q34023428 | Dendritic cell regulation of TH1-TH2 development |
| Q35139530 | Dendritic cell regulation of immune responses: a new role for interleukin 2 at the intersection of innate and adaptive immunity |
| Q34582889 | Dendritic cell subsets in health and disease. |
| Q42971737 | Dendritic cell survival and maturation are regulated by different signaling pathways. |
| Q36717351 | Dendritic cell vaccine strategies for renal cell carcinoma |
| Q36185636 | Dendritic cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy: exploiting nature's antigen delivery pathway |
| Q27860918 | Dendritic cells and the control of immunity |
| Q41649620 | Dendritic cells as adjuvants for immune-mediated resistance to tumors |
| Q35219298 | Dendritic cells as inducers of antimicrobial immunity in vivo |
| Q36425922 | Dendritic cells as promoters of transplant tolerance |
| Q33762508 | Dendritic cells at the end of the millennium |
| Q33782672 | Dendritic cells efficiently induce protective antiviral immunity |
| Q33850712 | Dendritic cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis |
| Q52029564 | Dendritic cells in selected head and neck tumors. |
| Q33963180 | Dendritic cells inhibit the progression of Listeria monocytogenes intracellular infection by retaining bacteria in major histocompatibility complex class II-rich phagosomes and by limiting cytosolic growth |
| Q35086727 | Dendritic cells under investigation in autoimmune disease |
| Q28587808 | Dendritic cells utilize the evolutionarily conserved WASH and retromer complexes to promote MHCII recycling and helper T cell priming |
| Q33653670 | Dendritic cells. |
| Q33541967 | Dendritic cells: a link between innate and adaptive immunity |
| Q34304644 | Dendritic cells: immune saviors or Achilles' heel? |
| Q29617085 | Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines |
| Q34386066 | Dendritic cells: their significance in health and disease |
| Q36986703 | Dendritic cells: understanding immunogenicity |
| Q34339729 | Detection of CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses to human papillomavirus type 1 antigens expressed at various stages of the virus life cycle by using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay of gamma interferon release |
| Q24682489 | Detection of anaphylatoxin receptors on CD83+ dendritic cells derived from human skin |
| Q24806522 | Development of a new protocol for 2-day generation of mature dendritic cells from human monocytes |
| Q50119612 | Developmental control of endocytosis in dendritic cells by Cdc42. |
| Q41093187 | Developmental regulation of MHC class II transport in mouse dendritic cells. |
| Q47872621 | Developmental regulation of invariant chain proteolysis controls MHC class II trafficking in mouse dendritic cells. |
| Q40815623 | Differential effect of CD8(+) and CD8(-) dendritic cells in the stimulation of secondary CD4(+) T cells. |
| Q57371125 | Differential post-translational modification of CD63 molecules during maturation of human dendritic cells |
| Q24533572 | Differential presentation of a soluble exogenous tumor antigen, NY-ESO-1, by distinct human dendritic cell populations |
| Q54321603 | Differential regulation of MHC II and invariant chain expression during maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. |
| Q38363244 | Differential splicing generates Tvl-1/RFXANK isoforms with different functions |
| Q50700341 | Differential susceptibility of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages to productive infection with Listeria monocytogenes. |
| Q77419338 | Direct Ni2+ antigen formation on cultured human dendritic cells |
| Q48109150 | Distinct features of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy as cancer vaccines |
| Q42796320 | Distinct intracellular compartments involved in invariant chain degradation and antigenic peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules |
| Q54093362 | Distinct patterns and kinetics of chemokine production regulate dendritic cell function. |
| Q45959798 | Distribution of Toll-like receptor 1 and Toll-like receptor 2 in human lymphoid tissue. |
| Q54119203 | Diversification of response to hsp65 during the course of autoimmune arthritis is regulatory rather than pathogenic. |
| Q34579769 | Diversity in MHC class II antigen presentation |
| Q33860681 | Dynamic regulation of Gata1 expression during the maturation of conventional dendritic cells. |
| Q39152945 | Dynamics of dendritic cell migration and the subsequent induction of protective immunity in the lung after repeated airway challenges by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein |
| Q40973824 | Echinacea purpurea extracts modulate murine dendritic cell fate and function |
| Q35967869 | Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection on the Frequency, Phenotype and Function of Circulating Dendritic Cells in Cattle |
| Q33302106 | Effect of differential N-linked and O-linked mannosylation on recognition of fungal antigens by dendritic cells |
| Q79438871 | Effect of immature dendritic cell injection before heterotropic cardiac allograft |
| Q86052152 | Efficacy of azithromycin in preventing lethal graft-versus-host disease |
| Q45881751 | Electroporation of immature and mature dendritic cells: implications for dendritic cell-based vaccines |
| Q37498956 | Endosomal processing for antigen presentation mediated by CD1 and Class I major histocompatibility complex: roads to display or destruction. |
| Q41729834 | Endosomal proteolysis and MHC class II function |
| Q42811453 | Endosomally stored MHC class II does not contribute to antigen presentation by dendritic cells at inflammatory conditions. |
| Q35207497 | Engineering cross-presentation in vivo |
| Q77492272 | Enhanced in vitro stimulation of rhesus macaque dendritic cells for activation of SIV-specific T cell responses |
| Q40753335 | Enhancement of antitumor immunity by prolonging antigen presentation on dendritic cells |
| Q35005930 | Enhancing antitumor immune responses: intracellular peptide delivery and identification of MHC class II-restricted tumor antigens |
| Q29619437 | Eradication of established murine tumors using a novel cell-free vaccine: dendritic cell-derived exosomes |
| Q53309059 | Escherichia coli K1 Promotes the Ligation of CD47 with Thrombospondin-1 To Prevent the Maturation of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neonatal Meningitis |
| Q35751054 | Essential role of the TNF-TNFR2 cognate interaction in mouse dendritic cell-natural killer cell crosstalk |
| Q36837378 | Evasion of peptide, but not lipid antigen presentation, through pathogen-induced dendritic cell maturation |
| Q58199442 | Exploring the mechanisms of antigen processing by cell fractionation |
| Q35068709 | Expression and immune characterization of a novel enzyme, protein arginine methyltransferase 1, from Schistosoma japonicum |
| Q41859496 | Expression of HLA-B27 causes loss of migratory dendritic cells in a rat model of spondylarthritis |
| Q54636216 | Expression of haptoglobin in human keratinocytes and Langerhans cells. |
| Q36780502 | Extracellular antigen processing and presentation by immature dendritic cells |
| Q33951651 | FRET microscopy autologous tumor lysate processing in mature dendritic cell vaccine therapy |
| Q40727441 | Failure of trafficking and antigen presentation by CD1 in AP-3-deficient cells. |
| Q36367948 | Fcgamma receptor-mediated induction of dendritic cell maturation and major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen presentation after immune complex internalization |
| Q27644030 | Fluorogenic probes for monitoring peptide binding to class II MHC proteins in living cells |
| Q33840553 | From synapses to immunological memory: the role of sustained T cell stimulation |
| Q37266023 | Fully competent dendritic cells as inducers of T cell anergy in autoimmunity |
| Q34667803 | Functional HLA-DM on the surface of B cells and immature dendritic cells. |
| Q74241727 | Functional characterization of a lysosomal sorting motif in the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-DObeta |
| Q81527664 | Functional dichotomy of plasmacytoid dendritic cells: antigen-specific activation of T cells versus production of type I interferon |
| Q73173535 | Ganglioside GD1a impedes lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation of human dendritic cells |
| Q35039002 | Gene-modified dendritic cells for immunotherapy against cancer |
| Q38531845 | Generation of functional monocyte-derived fast dendritic cells suitable for clinical application in the absence of interleukin-6. |
| Q33536357 | Generation of large numbers of fully mature and stable dendritic cells from leukapheresis products for clinical application |
| Q34452039 | Genetically modified tumour vaccines: an obstacle race to break host tolerance to cancer |
| Q74229201 | Haptoglobin is a natural regulator of Langerhans cell function in the skin |
| Q37790599 | Harnessing the immune response to treat cancer |
| Q45355803 | Hepatitis B virus surface antigen can activate human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediated signaling. |
| Q35927737 | Herbal preparation (HemoHIM) enhanced functional maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells mediated toll-like receptor 4. |
| Q36043015 | High-affinity T helper epitope induces complementary helper and APC polarization, increased CTL, and protection against viral infection |
| Q39527075 | Honokiol inhibits LPS-induced maturation and inflammatory response of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. |
| Q41990044 | How inflammasomes inform adaptive immunity |
| Q34913590 | Human cytomegalovirus decreases constitutive transcription of MHC class II genes in mature Langerhans cells by reducing CIITA transcript levels |
| Q39683371 | Human cytomegalovirus gene products US2 and US11 differ in their ability to attack major histocompatibility class I heavy chains in dendritic cells |
| Q34227634 | Human cytomegalovirus transmission from the uterus to the placenta correlates with the presence of pathogenic bacteria and maternal immunity |
| Q74578843 | Human epidermal Langerhans cells lack functional mannose receptors and a fully developed endosomal/lysosomal compartment for loading of HLA class II molecules |
| Q33645462 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 derived from cocultures of immature dendritic cells with autologous T cells carries T-cell-specific molecules on its surface and is highly infectious. |
| Q45387210 | Human respiratory syncytial virus infects and induces activation markers in mouse B lymphocytes |
| Q51805657 | Humoral immune responses to model antigen co-delivered with biomaterials used in tissue engineering |
| Q60494060 | IL-12 Acts Directly on DC to Promote Nuclear Localization of NF-κB and Primes DC for IL-12 Production |
| Q81217871 | IL-2 production by dendritic cells is not critical for the activation of cognate and innate effectors in draining lymph nodes |
| Q34345575 | IRF7 regulates TLR2-mediated activation of splenic CD11c(hi) dendritic cells. |
| Q34369816 | ITAM signaling in dendritic cells controls T helper cell priming by regulating MHC class II recycling |
| Q79084860 | Immature dendritic cell/tumor cell fusions induce potent antitumour immunity |
| Q35834680 | Immature dendritic cells acquire CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte priming capacity upon activation by T helper cell-independent or -dependent stimuli. |
| Q40955563 | Immortalized cell lines derived from mice lacking both type I and type II IFN receptors unify some functions of immature and mature dendritic cells |
| Q34998234 | Immune regulatory loops determine productive interactions within human T lymphocyte-dendritic cell clusters |
| Q39601298 | Immune response induced by airway sensitization after influenza A virus infection depends on timing of antigen exposure in mice |
| Q34000785 | Immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis induced by vaccination with live organisms correlates with early granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-12 production and with dendritic cell-like maturation. |
| Q33911650 | Immuno-modulatory activity of Ganoderma lucidum-derived polysacharide on human monocytoid dendritic cells pulsed with Der p 1 allergen |
| Q41535957 | Immunogenic dendritic cells primed by social defeat enhance adaptive immunity to influenza A virus. |
| Q38790788 | Immunogenicity of oncolytic vaccinia viruses JX-GFP and TG6002 in a human melanoma in vitro model: studying immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell maturation and interaction with cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
| Q58323381 | Immunology Inside the gearbox of the dendritic cell |
| Q36994255 | Immunomodulatory effect of marine cembrane-type diterpenoids on dendritic cells |
| Q33908937 | Immunopathogenesis of ocular Behçet's disease |
| Q34976150 | Immunostimulant patch containing heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli enhances immune responses to injected influenza virus vaccine through activation of skin dendritic cells |
| Q35123457 | Immunostimulant patch enhances immune responses to influenza virus vaccine in aged mice |
| Q33455473 | Immunosuppression during acute infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine is mediated by IL-10. |
| Q84991259 | Immunosuppressive Effect of Cordyceps CS-4 on Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cellsin Vitro |
| Q35133703 | Impaired resolution of inflammatory response in the lungs of JF1/Msf mice following carbon nanoparticle instillation |
| Q44488460 | In vitro analysis of the antileukemic effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene therapy with myeloid progenitor cells: the role of dendritic cells |
| Q27481382 | In vitro atrazine exposure affects the phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells |
| Q33942185 | In vivo maturation and migration of dendritic cells |
| Q36757834 | In vivo priming of T cells against cryptic determinants by dendritic cells exposed to interleukin 6 and native antigen. |
| Q34088526 | Inducible IL-2 production by dendritic cells revealed by global gene expression analysis. |
| Q40647086 | Inducible transgenic mice reveal resting dendritic cells as potent inducers of CD8+ T cell tolerance. |
| Q34792069 | Induction of CD4(+) T cell-dependent antitumor immunity by TAT-mediated tumor antigen delivery into dendritic cells |
| Q42944333 | Induction of interleukin 10-producing, nonproliferating CD4(+) T cells with regulatory properties by repetitive stimulation with allogeneic immature human dendritic cells |
| Q57228016 | Induction of peripheral CD8+ T-cell tolerance by cross-presentation of self antigens |
| Q33813011 | Infection of human dendritic cells by a sindbis virus replicon vector is determined by a single amino acid substitution in the E2 glycoprotein |
| Q99708844 | Inflammasome-Mediated Immunogenicity of Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Adjuvants |
| Q37024745 | Inflammation and Spinal Cord Injury: Infiltrating Leukocytes as Determinants of Injury and Repair Processes |
| Q52002993 | Inflammation in acne scarring: a comparison of the responses in lesions from patients prone and not prone to scar. |
| Q26799901 | Innate Immune Defenses in Human Tuberculosis: An Overview of the Interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Innate Immune Cells |
| Q47627609 | Innate Immune Response of the Pig Laryngeal Mucosa to Endotracheal Intubation |
| Q35031992 | Interaction of bacteria with antigen presenting cells: influences on antigen presentation and antibacterial immunity |
| Q73738835 | Interleukin-10 does not affect phagocytosis of particulate antigen by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells but does impair antigen presentation |
| Q46299578 | Interleukin-10 down-regulates MHC class II alphabeta peptide complexes at the plasma membrane of monocytes by affecting arrival and recycling. |
| Q41729705 | Interleukin-10 receptor-1 expression in monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cell populations: dendritic cells partially escape from IL-10's inhibitory mechanisms. |
| Q24317219 | Interleukin-10-induced MARCH1 mediates intracellular sequestration of MHC class II in monocytes |
| Q78127356 | Interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhance the generation and function of dendritic cells |
| Q37394995 | Internalizing MHC class II-peptide complexes are ubiquitinated in early endosomes and targeted for lysosomal degradation |
| Q42183323 | Intracellular events regulating cross-presentation |
| Q33815419 | Intracellular traffic to compartments for MHC class II peptide loading: signals for endosomal and polarized sorting |
| Q30850012 | Intubation-free in vivo imaging of the tracheal mucosa using two-photon microscopy. |
| Q56610443 | Invited review: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity |
| Q36108089 | Is hepatitis C virus infection of dendritic cells a mechanism facilitating viral persistence? |
| Q35951845 | Is targeting Toll-like receptors and their signaling pathway a useful therapeutic approach to modulating cytokine-driven inflammation? |
| Q42110748 | LPS activation is required for migratory activity and antigen presentation by tolerogenic dendritic cells. |
| Q77377753 | Lack of fair play in the T cell response |
| Q92402067 | Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Shows Distinct Cytoplasmic Expression of Major Histocompatibility Class II Antigens |
| Q22011207 | Langerin, a novel C-type lectin specific to Langerhans cells, is an endocytic receptor that induces the formation of Birbeck granules |
| Q42245259 | Large-scale hematopoietic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells provides granulocytes or macrophages for cell replacement therapies |
| Q79219253 | Leukemia Vaccines |
| Q46898682 | Levamisole enhances immune response by affecting the activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells |
| Q36977730 | Listeria monocytogenes: a promising vehicle for neonatal vaccination |
| Q77658430 | Local expression of TNFalpha in neonatal NOD mice promotes diabetes by enhancing presentation of islet antigens |
| Q38092570 | Lymphotoxin signalling in immune homeostasis and the control of microorganisms. |
| Q89998908 | MARCH1-mediated ubiquitination of MHC II impacts the MHC I antigen presentation pathway |
| Q58758033 | MHC Class II Expression Is Regulated in Dendritic Cells Independently of Invariant Chain Degradation |
| Q37338924 | MHC Class II Protein Turnover In vivo and Its Relevance for Autoimmunity in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice |
| Q36513540 | MHC class I and class II molecules are expressed in both human and mouse prostate tumor microenvironment |
| Q78577485 | MHC class II compartments in human dendritic cells undergo profound structural changes upon activation |
| Q36061581 | MHC class II distribution in dendritic cells and B cells is determined by ubiquitin chain length |
| Q54705034 | MHC class II expression is differentially regulated in plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells. |
| Q24318499 | MHC class II stabilization at the surface of human dendritic cells is the result of maturation-dependent MARCH I down-regulation |
| Q33957690 | MHC class II-restricted antigen processing and presentation |
| Q28081740 | Macropinocytosis in phagocytes: regulation of MHC class-II-restricted antigen presentation in dendritic cells |
| Q39724282 | Masking of a cathepsin G cleavage site in vivo contributes to the proteolytic resistance of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules |
| Q39474621 | Mass spectrometry analysis and quantitation of peptides presented on the MHC II molecules of mouse spleen dendritic cells |
| Q51647212 | Mathematical modeling of allergy and specific immunotherapy: Th1–Th2–Treg interactions |
| Q36369559 | Maturation of dendritic cells is accompanied by rapid transcriptional silencing of class II transactivator (CIITA) expression |
| Q41968893 | Maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells with Toll-like receptor 3 and 7/8 ligands combined with prostaglandin E2 results in high interleukin-12 production and cell migration. |
| Q84445911 | Maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induced by Radix Glycyrrhizae polysaccharide |
| Q36088964 | Maturation requirements for dendritic cells in T cell stimulation leading to tolerance versus immunity |
| Q36367830 | Maturation, activation, and protection of dendritic cells induced by double-stranded RNA |
| Q34235880 | Mature T cell seeks antigen for meaningful relationship in lymph node |
| Q39592457 | Mature dendritic cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 exhibit inhibited T-cell stimulatory capacity |
| Q30493720 | Mature dendritic cells use endocytic receptors to capture and present antigens |
| Q33959195 | Measurement of protein synthesis using heavy water labeling and peptide mass spectrometry: Discrimination between major histocompatibility complex allotypes |
| Q33649805 | Mechanisms of antigen presentation |
| Q94104054 | Mechanisms of lysosomal positioning and movement |
| Q33223363 | Melanoma cell necrosis facilitates transfer of specific sets of antigens onto MHC class II molecules of dendritic cells |
| Q80048576 | Methamphetamine modulates gene expression patterns in monocyte derived mature dendritic cells: implications for HIV-1 pathogenesis |
| Q43743630 | Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes from Peyer's patches of cattle orally challenged with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| Q35049453 | Mobilization of MHC class I molecules from late endosomes to the cell surface following activation of CD34-derived human Langerhans cells. |
| Q64096781 | Modulation of TAP-dependent antigen compartmentalization during human monocyte-to-DC differentiation |
| Q48013126 | Modulation of the immunogenicity of antigenic determinants by their flanking residues |
| Q30805170 | Molecular characterization of dendritic cell-derived exosomes. Selective accumulation of the heat shock protein hsc73. |
| Q39208621 | Monocyte-derived dendritic cells as a model for the study of HIV-1 infection: productive infection and phenotypic changes during culture in human serum |
| Q28612010 | Multiple roles of the invariant chain in MHC class II function |
| Q34214364 | Multistep autoactivation of asparaginyl endopeptidase in vitro and in vivo |
| Q40846439 | Mutated Ras peptides as vaccines in immunotherapy of cancer |
| Q55289934 | Nano-scale microfluidics to study 3D chemotaxis at the single cell level. |
| Q41748252 | Natural interferon alpha/beta-producing cells link innate and adaptive immunity |
| Q37921195 | Natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells: balancing inhibitory and activating signals |
| Q35014074 | Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: rendezvous in abused tissues |
| Q90092691 | Natural killer cells as participants in pathogenesis of rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): lessons from research on rats with distinct age and strain |
| Q40671984 | Naturally occurring human IgM antibody that binds B7-DC and potentiates T cell stimulation by dendritic cells |
| Q84325970 | Neutralizing antibodies in SIV control: co-impact with T cells |
| Q42110792 | Neutrophils mediate immune modulation of dendritic cells through glycosylation-dependent interactions between Mac-1 and DC-SIGN. |
| Q36375570 | Nonlymphocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor is required for induction of colitis in recombination activating gene (RAG)2(-/-) mice upon transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells |
| Q42944282 | On the role of the innate immunity in autoimmune disease |
| Q47616533 | Opposing Signals from Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns and IL-10 Are Critical for Optimal Dendritic Cell Induction of In Vivo Humoral Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Q36360756 | Palmitic acid is a toll-like receptor 4 ligand that induces human dendritic cell secretion of IL-1β |
| Q52015249 | Peptide-pulsed splenic dendritic cells prime long-lasting CD8(+) T cell memory in the absence of cross-priming by host APC. |
| Q27025438 | Periodontal disease immunology: 'double indemnity' in protecting the host |
| Q33943439 | Persisting viruses and autoimmunity. |
| Q33683408 | Phagocytic antigen processing and effects of microbial products on antigen processing and T-cell responses |
| Q40367936 | Phenotype and function of myeloid dendritic cells derived from African green monkey blood monocytes |
| Q35793849 | Phenotype and in vitro function of mature MDDC generated from cryopreserved PBMC of cancer patients are equivalent to those from healthy donors |
| Q34027491 | Phenotypic and functional abnormalities of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Q35312451 | Phenotypic, ultra-structural, and functional characterization of bovine peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets |
| Q38271875 | Plant components for immune modulation targeting dendritic cells: implication for therapy |
| Q38353384 | PolyI:C-induced reduction in uptake of soluble antigen is independent of dendritic cell activation |
| Q33565296 | Polymeric Materials for Gene Delivery and DNA Vaccination |
| Q46491194 | Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma lucidum induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. |
| Q30546758 | Predicting lymph node output efficiency using systems biology |
| Q38951047 | Present Yourself! By MHC Class I and MHC Class II Molecules |
| Q36580586 | Present and future of lung cancer vaccines |
| Q28611993 | Presentation of antigens by MHC class II molecules: getting the most out of them |
| Q36376648 | Presentation of exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules is differentially regulated during dendritic cell maturation |
| Q36514286 | Presentation of phagocytosed antigens by MHC class I and II. |
| Q36433065 | Presentation of type B peptide-MHC complexes from hen egg white lysozyme by TLR ligands and type I IFNs independent of H2-DM regulation |
| Q34351438 | Processing and presentation of antigens by dendritic cells: implications for vaccines |
| Q33815407 | Processing of bacterial antigens for peptide presentation on MHC class I molecules |
| Q53664068 | Production and characterization of clinical grade exosomes derived from dendritic cells. |
| Q35678201 | Profiles of carbohydrate ligands associated with adsorbed proteins on self-assembled monolayers of defined chemistries |
| Q44607345 | Prostaglandin E2 inhibits TNF production in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells |
| Q37859271 | Prostaglandin E2 modulates dendritic cell function during chlamydial genital infection |
| Q35850629 | Prostanoids and their receptors that modulate dendritic cell-mediated immunity |
| Q36319176 | Prostanoids modulate inflammation and alloimmune responses during graft rejection |
| Q35791420 | Protease-activated receptor-2 signaling triggers dendritic cell development |
| Q33885986 | Proteolysis in MHC class II antigen presentation: who's in charge? |
| Q64100229 | Quantitative proteomic changes in LPS-activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells: A SWATH-MS study |
| Q37361748 | RNAi-directed inhibition of DC-SIGN by dendritic cells: prospects for HIV-1 therapy |
| Q47373857 | Rapid downregulation of antigen processing enzymes in ex vivo generated human monocyte derived dendritic cells occur endogenously in extended cultures |
| Q34376294 | Recent developments in adjuvants for vaccines against infectious diseases |
| Q90751589 | Regional and functional heterogeneity of antigen presenting cells in the mouse brain and meninges |
| Q35022580 | Regulation and function of class II major histocompatibility complex, CD40, and B7 expression in macrophages and microglia: Implications in neurological diseases |
| Q26797333 | Regulation of Lipid Specific and Vitamin Specific Non-MHC Restricted T Cells by Antigen Presenting Cells and Their Therapeutic Potentials |
| Q37303927 | Regulation of MHC Class II-Peptide Complex Expression by Ubiquitination |
| Q36037772 | Regulation of antigen presentation and cross-presentation in the dendritic cell network: facts, hypothesis, and immunological implications. |
| Q34104329 | Regulation of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a role for Toll-like receptors |
| Q37765823 | Regulation of antigen uptake, migration, and lifespan of dendritic cell by Toll-like receptors. |
| Q74237814 | Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II synthesis by interleukin-10 |
| Q36739751 | Regulatory polymorphisms modulate the expression of HLA class II molecules and promote autoimmunity. |
| Q40384194 | Release of IL-1beta via IL-1beta-converting enzyme in a skin dendritic cell line exposed to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene |
| Q36401161 | Resting respiratory tract dendritic cells preferentially stimulate T helper cell type 2 (Th2) responses and require obligatory cytokine signals for induction of Th1 immunity |
| Q40943680 | Revision of the functional analysis and structural features of immortalized dendritic cell lines derived from mice lacking both type I and type II interferon receptors |
| Q39582614 | Role of E4 in eliciting CD4 T-cell and B-cell responses to adenovirus vectors delivered to murine and nonhuman primate lungs. |
| Q33713274 | Role of dendritic cells in the induction and maintenance of autoimmune diseases |
| Q37974923 | Role of immune reactions in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). |
| Q41578289 | Route of antigen uptake differentially impacts presentation by dendritic cells and activated monocytes |
| Q40455669 | Ryanodine receptor activation by Ca v 1.2 is involved in dendritic cell major histocompatibility complex class II surface expression |
| Q58800404 | SH2-domain mutations in STAT3 in hyper-IgE syndrome patients result in impairment of IL-10 function |
| Q39516857 | Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-induced maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells |
| Q54445611 | Selective effect of burn injury on splenic CD11c(+) dendritic cells and CD8alpha(+)CD4(-)CD11c(+) dendritic cell subsets. |
| Q42971765 | Selective recruitment of immature and mature dendritic cells by distinct chemokines expressed in different anatomic sites |
| Q43821766 | Signaling from epithelial to dendritic cells of the thyroid gland: evidence for thyrocyte-derived factors controlling the survival, multiplication, and endocytic activity of dendritic cells |
| Q52574350 | Simvastatin inhibits the MHC class II pathway of antigen presentation by impairing Ras superfamily GTPases. |
| Q33258637 | Small organic compounds enhance antigen loading of class II major histocompatibility complex proteins by targeting the polymorphic P1 pocket |
| Q46674193 | Spatial and mechanistic separation of cross-presentation and endogenous antigen presentation |
| Q34632056 | Spinning molecular immunology into successful immunotherapy |
| Q59640222 | Strategies for improved antigen delivery into dendritic cells |
| Q57198394 | Strategies to Stimulate Innate Immunity for Designing Effective Vaccine Adjuvants |
| Q55488025 | Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Impairs Interleukin-12 Production and the MHC-II-Restricted Antigen Presentation Capacity of Dendritic Cells. |
| Q51837303 | Studying MHC class II transport in dendritic cells. |
| Q44294573 | Superoxide anions induce the maturation of human dendritic cells |
| Q41921184 | Surface expression of HLA-DM on dendritic cells derived from CD34-positive bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells |
| Q59077373 | Surface expression of MHC class II in dendritic cells is controlled by regulated ubiquitination |
| Q39787577 | Susceptibility of immature and mature Langerhans cell-type dendritic cells to infection and immunomodulation by human cytomegalovirus |
| Q36024310 | Sustained antigen presentation can promote an immunogenic T cell response, like dendritic cell activation. |
| Q45264704 | Systemic activation of dendritic cells by Toll-like receptor ligands or malaria infection impairs cross-presentation and antiviral immunity |
| Q36400665 | T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 characteristics start to develop during T cell priming and are associated with an immediate ability to induce immunoglobulin class switching |
| Q77174567 | T-cell-independent antiviral antibody responses |
| Q40227414 | TLR and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signals differentially regulate exogenous antigen presentation |
| Q34533668 | TNF activates calcium-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 signaling pathways in human macrophages |
| Q36990604 | Taming cancer by inducing immunity via dendritic cells |
| Q90290687 | Targeting Regulatory T Cells by Addressing Tumor Necrosis Factor and Its Receptors in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cancer |
| Q77383438 | Targeting the function of mature dendritic cells by human cytomegalovirus: a multilayered viral defense strategy |
| Q36548512 | Tetherin/BST-2 promotes dendritic cell activation and function during acute retrovirus infection. |
| Q30385433 | Tetherin/BST-2: Restriction Factor or Immunomodulator? |
| Q45208367 | The MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) mRNA stability is critical for the HLA class II gene expression in myelomonocytic cells. |
| Q26784452 | The Role of Dendritic Cells in Fibrosis Progression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| Q26776548 | The Timing of T Cell Priming and Cycling |
| Q73361348 | The Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulus Bacterial Flagellin Induces Maturation and Chemokine Production in Human Dendritic Cells |
| Q34612325 | The cell biology of MHC class I antigen presentation. |
| Q34129335 | The cell biology of antigen presentation in dendritic cells. |
| Q28384138 | The dendritic cell response to classic, emerging, and homeostatic danger signals. Implications for autoimmunity |
| Q82385519 | The effect of azithromycin on the maturation and function of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells |
| Q35821240 | The exogenous pathway for antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class II and CD1 molecules |
| Q36368355 | The formation of immunogenic major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide ligands in lysosomal compartments of dendritic cells is regulated by inflammatory stimuli |
| Q34145128 | The heat shock protein gp96: a receptor-targeted cross-priming carrier and activator of dendritic cells |
| Q35210456 | The history, evolution, and clinical use of dendritic cell-based immunization strategies in the therapy of brain tumors |
| Q30472498 | The immune response to dermatophytes |
| Q34378402 | The immune system and gene expression microarrays--new answers to old questions |
| Q36238108 | The impact of DM on MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation can be altered by manipulation of MHC-peptide kinetic stability |
| Q78616722 | The impact of a low dose, low volume, multi-site immunization on the production of therapeutic antivenoms in Thailand |
| Q36128812 | The impact of eicosanoids on the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity: the key roles of dendritic cells |
| Q28142443 | The impact of the non-classical MHC proteins HLA-DM and HLA-DO on loading of MHC class II molecules |
| Q24671078 | The induction of tolerance by dendritic cells that have captured apoptotic cells |
| Q33814962 | The initiation of autoimmune diabetes |
| Q38365560 | The ins and outs of MHC class II-mediated antigen processing and presentation |
| Q21195249 | The instructive role of dendritic cells on T-cell responses |
| Q46328514 | The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. |
| Q33938242 | The role of TLR2, TRL3, TRL4, and TRL9 signaling in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in a retinal autoimmunity model |
| Q34268029 | The role of antigen presenting cells in multiple sclerosis |
| Q42094703 | The role of aquaporins in dendritic cell macropinocytosis |
| Q38072995 | The role of cysteine proteinases and their inhibitors in the host-pathogen cross talk |
| Q34712656 | The role of dendritic cells during Salmonella infection |
| Q33711401 | The role of dendritic cells in the induction and regulation of immunity to microbial infection. |
| Q33887435 | The role of dendritic cells in the innate immune system. |
| Q82758762 | The role of dendritic cells in the mechanism of action of a peptide that ameliorates lupus in murine models |
| Q47927773 | The role of endosomes and lysosomes in MHC class II functioning |
| Q48291060 | The small heat shock protein alpha B-crystallin as key autoantigen in multiple sclerosis |
| Q35575949 | The tetraspanin CD9 mediates lateral association of MHC class II molecules on the dendritic cell surface |
| Q41660538 | Therapeutic Effect of Exogenous Truncated IK Protein in Inflammatory Arthritis |
| Q36181313 | Therapeutic potential of dendritic-based vaccines |
| Q34601931 | Toll-like receptor 2 is required for inflammatory responses to Francisella tularensis LVS |
| Q34091293 | Towards a molecular understanding of dendritic cell immunobiology |
| Q34029353 | Towards a systems understanding of MHC class I and MHC class II antigen presentation. |
| Q35192195 | Transcutaneous immunization and immunostimulant strategies: capitalizing on the immunocompetence of the skin |
| Q27319941 | Transport of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide in MHC Class II tubules |
| Q38754861 | Tregitopes and impaired antigen presentation: Drivers of the immunomodulatory effects of IVIg? |
| Q35039049 | Triptolide, a constituent of immunosuppressive Chinese herbal medicine, is a potent suppressor of dendritic-cell maturation and trafficking |
| Q37428687 | Tubulation of endosomal structures in human dendritic cells by Toll-like receptor ligation and lymphocyte contact accompanies antigen cross-presentation. |
| Q33713257 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the progression of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice |
| Q34650772 | Tuning immune responses: diversity and adaptation of the immunological synapse. |
| Q61628136 | Turning the immune system on |
| Q51786001 | Two-sided effect of Cordyceps sinensis on dendritic cells in different physiological stages. |
| Q42568916 | Type I IFN drives a distinctive dendritic cell maturation phenotype that allows continued class II MHC synthesis and antigen processing |
| Q36949908 | Ubiquitin-mediated fluctuations in MHC class II facilitate efficient germinal center B cell responses |
| Q35990017 | Ubiquitination by March-I prevents MHC class II recycling and promotes MHC class II turnover in antigen-presenting cells |
| Q34377531 | Ubiquitination regulates MHC class II-peptide complex retention and degradation in dendritic cells |
| Q73158574 | Umbilical cord blood dendritic cells are a rich source of soluble HLA-DR: synergistic effect of exosomes and dendritic cells on autologous or allogeneic T-Cell proliferation |
| Q35189424 | Understanding the cell biology of antigen presentation: the dendritic cell contribution. |
| Q35139857 | Understanding the function of CD1-restricted T cells |
| Q36432026 | Unopposed production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by tumors inhibits CD8+ T cell responses by dysregulating antigen-presenting cell maturation. |
| Q38806402 | Using Visualization of t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding To Identify Immune Cell Subsets in Mouse Tumors |
| Q36375683 | Vaccination with mage-3A1 peptide-pulsed mature, monocyte-derived dendritic cells expands specific cytotoxic T cells and induces regression of some metastases in advanced stage IV melanoma |
| Q36198632 | Vaccines in cancer: GVAX, a GM-CSF gene vaccine |
| Q39742020 | Varicella-zoster virus productively infects mature dendritic cells and alters their immune function |
| Q40613990 | Viral targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of DC maturation as a dual strategy for immune subversion |
| Q35883106 | Virally infected and matured human dendritic cells activate natural killer cells via cooperative activity of plasma membrane-bound TNF and IL-15. |
| Q36193523 | Zinc finger transcription factor zDC is a negative regulator required to prevent activation of classical dendritic cells in the steady state |
| Q74309792 | [Dendritic cells and the control of the immune response] |
| Q34646735 | p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in beryllium-induced dendritic cell activation |