Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

scientific article published on April 2009

Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is …
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scholarly articleQ13442814

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P356DOI10.2337/DB09-9028
P932PMC publication ID2661582
P698PubMed publication ID19336687
P5875ResearchGate publication ID24248539

P50authorRalph A. DeFronzoQ58689309
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PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetesQ29547229
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) GroupQ29547282
Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human diseaseQ29547283
Central nervous system control of food intakeQ29547439
Variant of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers risk of type 2 diabetesQ29614589
Critical nodes in signalling pathways: insights into insulin actionQ29614735
A variant in CDKAL1 influences insulin response and risk of type 2 diabetesQ29614878
Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetesQ29619192
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trialQ29619886
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapyQ29620534
HOMA-estimated insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects: prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications StudyQ30700439
DAG accumulation from saturated fatty acids desensitizes insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in muscle cellsQ31833471
Insulin response during the oral glucose tolerance test: the role of age, sex, body fat and the pattern of fat distribution.Q51024670
Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and PPAR-gamma agonists on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Q51470916
The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses endogenous glucose production and enhances islet function after single-dose administration in type 2 diabetic patients.Q51480151
A comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study.Q51483637
Thiazolidinediones improve beta-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients.Q51485541
The effect of pioglitazone on the liver: role of adiponectin.Q51488911
Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.Q51551544
Long-chain acyl-CoA esters as indicators of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in rat and human muscle.Q51554321
Influence of obesity and type 2 diabetes on gluconeogenesis and glucose output in humans: a quantitative study.Q51554684
Familiality of quantitative metabolic traits in Finnish families with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) Study investigators.Q51562946
Lowering fatty acids potentiates acute insulin response in first degree relatives of people with type II diabetes.Q51567209
UKPDS 26: Sulphonylurea failure in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients over six years. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.Q51570043
Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study.Q51570046
Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus.Q51571115
Metabolic effects of metformin on glucose and lactate metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Q51578788
Decreased Insulin Secretion and Increased Insulin Resistance Are Independently Related to the 7-Year Risk of NIDDM in Mexican-AmericansQ51584502
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.Q51586347
Relationship between hepatic glucose production and fasting plasma glucose concentration in patients with NIDDM.Q51592563
The metabolic profile of NIDDM is fully established in glucose-tolerant offspring of two Mexican-American NIDDM parentsQ51603248
Islet amyloid polypeptide plasma concentrations in individuals at increased risk of developing type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.Q51606513
Slow glucose removal rate and hyperinsulinemia precede the development of type II diabetes in the offspring of diabetic parents.Q51613168
Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in obesity: a 6-year follow-up study of glucose metabolism.Q51614068
Altered islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) gene expression in rat models of diabetes.Q51618277
The glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response to oral glucose and mixed meals is increased in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.Q51619627
Sequential changes in serum insulin concentration during development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.Q51620602
Fasting hyperglycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: contributions of excessive hepatic glucose production and impaired tissue glucose uptake.Q51621447
The natural history of impaired glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians.Q51623599
Metabolic basis of obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Q51623792
Quantification of the relative impairment in actions of insulin on hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Q51627070
Role of lipid oxidation in pathogenesis of insulin resistance of obesity and type II diabetes.Q51628168
Acute elevation of free fatty acid levels leads to hepatic insulin resistance in obese subjects.Q51629772
Ambient plasma free fatty acid concentrations in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evidence for insulin resistance.Q51636513
The effect of insulin treatment on insulin secretion and insulin action in type II diabetes mellitus.Q51639006
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition with sitagliptin: a new therapy for type 2 diabetesQ36764031
The insulin resistance syndrome: physiological considerationsQ36806509
Exenatide can reduce glucose independent of islet hormones or gastric emptyingQ36846123
Pioglitazone stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle in vivo: a randomised trialQ36972810
Effect of fatty acids on glucose production and utilization in manQ36992461
Receptor and postreceptor defects contribute to the insulin resistance in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitusQ37004187
Insulin Binding to Monocytes and Insulin Action in Human Obesity, Starvation, and RefeedingQ37030221
Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Binding to Monocytes in Maturity-Onset DiabetesQ37038173
Plasma ceramides are elevated in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and correlate with the severity of insulin resistanceQ37066869
Insulin resistance differentially affects the PI 3-kinase- and MAP kinase-mediated signaling in human muscleQ37175187
Defects in insulin secretion and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are inherited. Metabolic studies on offspring of diabetic probandsQ37376927
Glucose metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetesQ37443341
Islet amyloid, islet-amyloid polypeptide, and diabetes mellitusQ38674648
Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approachQ38723548
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndromeQ39513407
Lack of a gastrointestinal mediator of insulin action in maturity-onset diabetesQ39516489
Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: beta-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM.Q39648063
Physical training and insulin sensitivity.Q39736549
Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in humansQ39764293
High expression rates of human islet amyloid polypeptide induce endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated beta-cell apoptosis, a characteristic of humans with type 2 but not type 1 diabetesQ40137823
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B-deficient myocytes show increased insulin sensitivity and protection against tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistanceQ40177903
Lifestyle intervention for pre-diabetic neuropathyQ40321365
Insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic glucose production in identical twins discordant for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusQ40342100
Lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of obesity-dependent NIDDM. Genetic and clinical implications.Q40452210
Effect of PPAR-gamma activation and inhibition on glucose-stimulated insulin release in INS-1e cellsQ40488458
Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma upregulates glucokinase gene expression in beta-cellsQ40747693
Insulin-stimulated activation of eNOS is independent of Ca2+ but requires phosphorylation by Akt at Ser(1179).Q40799734
Effect of chronic hyperglycemia on in vivo insulin secretion in partially pancreatectomized rats.Q41015653
The role of free fatty acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitusQ41176971
Mechanism of palmityl coenzyme A inhibition of liver glycogen synthaseQ41330413
Effects of Troglitazone (CS-045) on insulin secretion in isolated rat pancreatic islets and HIT cells: an insulinotropic mechanism distinct from glibenclamideQ41394581
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 by vildagliptin during glucagon-like Peptide 1 infusion increases liver glucose uptake in the conscious dogQ42140416
The influence of GLP-1 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: effects on beta-cell sensitivity in type 2 and nondiabetic subjectsQ42436041
Development and characterization of a glucagon-like peptide 1-albumin conjugate: the ability to activate the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor in vivoQ42437607
Reduced activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and increased serine 636 phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in primary culture of skeletal muscle cells from patients with type 2 diabetesQ42441787
A sustained increase in plasma free fatty acids impairs insulin secretion in nondiabetic subjects genetically predisposed to develop type 2 diabetesQ42450726
Ceramide content is increased in skeletal muscle from obese insulin-resistant humansQ42454790
Prolonged elevation of plasma free fatty acids impairs pancreatic beta-cell function in obese nondiabetic humans but not in individuals with type 2 diabetesQ42489695
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4 stimulate beta-cell neogenesis in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats resulting in persistently improved glucose homeostasis at adult age.Q42506332
Troglitazone lowers islet fat and restores beta cell function of Zucker diabetic fatty ratsQ42545275
Glycemic control and treatment failure with pioglitazone versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 42-month, open-label, observational, primary care studyQ42691702
Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazoneQ43584208
Beta-cell mass dynamics in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Rosiglitazone prevents the rise in net cell deathQ43596005
Renal glucose reabsorption during hypertonic glucose infusion in female streptozotocin-induced diabetic ratsQ43644419
Low acute insulin secretory responses in adult offspring of people with early onset type 2 diabetesQ43687850
Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetic patientsQ43705651
Reduced insulinotropic effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetesQ43778779
Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study GroupQ31976463
Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction are independent predictors of worsening of glucose tolerance during each stage of type 2 diabetes developmentQ31979634
Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 yearQ33220335
Insulin signaling in the arterial wallQ33694779
Mechanism for the stimulation of gluconeogenesis by fatty acids in perfused rat liverQ33799804
Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activityQ33834971
Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trialQ33844615
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.Q33864120
Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexaminationQ33975119
Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trialQ33999757
Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parents.Q34126257
Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistanceQ34191986
Role of the adipocyte, free fatty acids, and ectopic fat in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor agonists provide a rational therapeutic approachQ34294997
Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention ProgramQ34312885
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002.Q34327135
ThiazolidinedionesQ34346862
Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetesQ34424907
The biology of incretin hormonesQ34499706
Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with impaired glucose influence on insulin secretion. A study in normal rats using chronic in vivo glucose infusionsQ34527799
Effects of insulin on peripheral and splanchnic glucose metabolism in noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitusQ34541876
Mechanism of liver glycogen repletion in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyQ34555883
Relationship between plasma glucose and insulin concentration, glucose production, and glucose disposal in normal subjects and patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetesQ34556238
Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trialQ34572519
Glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Evidence for multiple sites of insulin resistanceQ34577169
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitisQ34585893
Relationships between insulin secretion, insulin action, and fasting plasma glucose concentration in nondiabetic and noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjectsQ34616729
Free fatty acids in obesity and type 2 diabetes: defining their role in the development of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction.Q34655571
The evolution of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetesQ34655580
Decreased muscle glucose transport/phosphorylation is an early defect in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusQ34669998
Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetesQ34692143
Central insulin action in energy and glucose homeostasisQ34698802
Islet beta cell failure in type 2 diabetesQ34698810
Pathogenic potential of adipose tissue and metabolic consequences of adipocyte hypertrophy and increased visceral adiposityQ34760010
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance in normoglycemic subjects with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased insulin-stimulated insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylationQ43778798
Effects of a novel glucagon receptor antagonist (Bay 27-9955) on glucagon-stimulated glucose production in humansQ43806846
Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies of Pima IndiansQ43850960
Effect of rosiglitazone on glucose and non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in Type II diabetic patientsQ43855921
Troglitazone but not metformin restores insulin-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and increases p110beta protein levels in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjectsQ43867557
Lipotoxicity in human pancreatic islets and the protective effect of metforminQ43869352
Sulfonylurea inadequacy: efficacy of addition of insulin over 6 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 57).Q43869405
Insulin secretion and action in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: results from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology StudyQ43959543
Prolonged exposure to free fatty acids has cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects on human pancreatic islets: evidence that beta-cell death is caspase mediated, partially dependent on ceramide pathway, and Bcl-2 regulated.Q43972538
Mechanism by which fatty acids inhibit insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in muscleQ43990155
Decreasing hypothalamic insulin receptors causes hyperphagia and insulin resistance in ratsQ44001034
Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patientsQ44018167
Effect of increased free fatty acid supply on glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity in normal manQ44026790
Lipid-induced insulin resistance in human muscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and IkappaB-alphaQ44043178
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in relation to the incidence of cardiovascular disease: the San Antonio Heart StudyQ44043328
Role of ATP production and uncoupling protein-2 in the insulin secretory defect induced by chronic exposure to high glucose or free fatty acids and effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibitionQ44114881
Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high-risk hispanic womenQ44114894
Glucagon dose-response curve for hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients and normal individuals.Q44117925
Free fatty acids reduce splanchnic and peripheral glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetesQ44155554
Insulin levels and the natural history of glucose intolerance in NauruansQ44177121
Role of hyperglucagonemia in maintenance of increased rates of hepatic glucose output in type II diabeticsQ44183858
Decreased mortality associated with the use of metformin compared with sulfonylurea monotherapy in type 2 diabetesQ44231053
Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits cell apoptosis and improves glucose responsiveness of freshly isolated human isletsQ44320631
Insulin secretion and resistance in nondiabetic Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites with a parental history of diabetesQ44452815
Pioglitazone reduces hepatic fat content and augments splanchnic glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetesQ44452988
Rosiglitazone improves downstream insulin receptor signaling in type 2 diabetic patientsQ44527041
The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patientsQ44631767
Rosiglitazone prevents the impairment of human islet function induced by fatty acids: evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion.Q44660894
Beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance: results from the San Antonio metabolism (SAM) studyQ44686996
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by rosiglitazone protects human islet cells against human islet amyloid polypeptide toxicity by a phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent pathway.Q44687269
Activation of the hexosamine pathway leads to phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 on Ser307 and Ser612 and impairs the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin insulin biosynthetic pathway in RIN pancreatic beta-ceQ44786873
Glucose-6-phosphatase flux in vitro is increased in type 2 diabetesQ44873148
Discordant effects of a chronic physiological increase in plasma FFA on insulin signaling in healthy subjects with or without a family history of type 2 diabetesQ44883028
Long-term therapy with addition of pioglitazone to metformin compared with the addition of gliclazide to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, comparative studyQ45074002
beta-Cell function in subjects spanning the range from normal glucose tolerance to overt diabetes: a new analysisQ45105931
Pioglitazone reduces islet triglyceride content and restores impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in heterozygous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-deficient mice on a high-fat dietQ45124377
Insulin resistance is associated with impaired nitric oxide synthase activity in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjectsQ45161422
Basal and stimulated plasma levels of pancreatic amylin indicate its co-secretion with insulin in humansQ45168872
Predictors of and longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion preceding onset of type 2 diabetesQ45199153
Comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in sustaining glycemic control over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetesQ45285687
The relationship of insulin response to a glucose stimulus over a wide range of glucose toleranceQ45924710
Relationship between glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-obese individuals with varying degrees of glucose toleranceQ46126827
Four weeks of near-normalisation of blood glucose improves the insulin response to glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetesQ46226028
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetesQ46458868
Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with type 2 diabetesQ46486537
Deleterious action of FA metabolites on ATP synthesis: possible link between lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistanceQ46507502
Dose-response effect of elevated plasma free fatty acid on insulin signalingQ46513253
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone similarly improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance and adipocytokines in type 2 diabetic patientsQ46598346
Mechanism of action of exenatide to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetesQ46707421
Effect of a sustained reduction in plasma free fatty acid concentration on intramuscular long-chain fatty Acyl-CoAs and insulin action in type 2 diabetic patientsQ46774705
Comparison of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PERISCOPE randomized controlled trialQ34766176
Metabolic studies in unaffected co-twins of non-insulin-dependent diabetics.Q34779949
Wnt signaling: relevance to beta-cell biology and diabetesQ34858330
Inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption: a novel strategy for achieving glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitusQ34876148
Spontaneous and experimental human obesity: Effects of diet and adipose cell size on lipolysis and lipogenesisQ34979019
Aging and insulin secretionQ35027205
Metabolic and molecular basis of insulin resistanceQ35148800
Studies of pancreatic alpha cell function in normal and diabetic subjectsQ35576866
Effects of insulin infusion on human skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and glycogen synthase. Evidence for their role in oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolismQ35578164
31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of muscle glucose-6-phosphate. Evidence for reduced insulin-dependent muscle glucose transport or phosphorylation activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusQ35600062
Increased rate of gluconeogenesis in type II diabetes mellitus. A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studyQ35606593
Troglitazone prevents mitochondrial alterations, beta cell destruction, and diabetes in obese prediabetic ratsQ35654399
Mechanism of increased gluconeogenesis in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Role of alterations in systemic, hepatic, and muscle lactate and alanine metabolismQ35818094
Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitusQ35824086
Role of incretin hormones in the regulation of insulin secretion in diabetic and nondiabetic humansQ35844598
Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitusQ35861736
Glucose metabolism and the response to insulin by human adipose tissue in spontaneous and experimental obesity. Effects of dietary composition and adipose cell sizeQ35900499
Mechanisms by which common variants in the TCF7L2 gene increase risk of type 2 diabetesQ35916172
Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance that impact cardiovascular biologyQ35927757
Rosiglitazone RECORD study: glucose control outcomes at 18 monthsQ35987411
Influence of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and the route of glucose administration on splanchnic glucose exchangeQ35996659
Dysfunctional fat cells, lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetesQ36202576
Glucagon-like peptide-1: from extract to agent. The Claude Bernard Lecture, 2005.Q36369954
Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic reviewQ36396145
Insulin resistance and improvements in signal transductionQ36452535
Contributions of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucoseQ36462545
The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent-onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention ProgramQ36496751
Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance: serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and increased expression of p85alpha: the two sides of a coinQ36549287
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of DiabetesQ36549321
Incretins and the development of type 2 diabetesQ36560963
Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and incident cardiovascular events in the Framingham Offspring StudyQ46774747
Glucose transporters in human renal proximal tubular cells isolated from the urine of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetesQ46818617
Physiological and molecular determinants of insulin action in the baboon.Q46823836
Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitusQ80423340
Genes and type 2 diabetes mellitusQ81637160
Insulin Therapy in Obese, Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Induces Improvements in Insulin Action and Secretion that Are Maintained for Two Weeks After Insulin WithdrawalQ51642223
Effect of age on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and in vivo insulin action.Q51649878
Increase in insulin response after treatment of overt maturity-onset diabetes is independent of the mode of treatment.Q51660630
ROLES OF INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE, BASED ON STUDIES OF FOREARM METABOLISM IN MANQ51692542
Human islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers disrupt cell coupling, induce apoptosis, and impair insulin secretion in isolated human islets.Q52575906
Quantitation of muscle glycogen synthesis in normal subjects and subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Q54332121
Early metabolic defects in persons at increased risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Q54346849
Impaired glucose tolerance as a disorder of insulin action. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in Pima Indians.Q54383566
Roles of glucose transport and glucose phosphorylation in muscle insulin resistance of NIDDM.Q55066500
U.K. prospective diabetes study 16. Overview of 6 years' therapy of type II diabetes: a progressive disease. U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study GroupQ56914456
Transcription Factor TCF7L2 Genetic Study in the French Population: Expression in Human -Cells and Adipose Tissue and Strong Association With Type 2 DiabetesQ57244236
Refining the impact of TCF7L2 gene variants on type 2 diabetes and adaptive evolutionQ57278407
The biguanide compound metformin prevents desensitization of human pancreatic islets induced by high glucoseQ57504429
Characterization of signal transduction and glucose transport in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patientsQ58449883
Lipid Infusion Decreases the Expression of Nuclear Encoded Mitochondrial Genes and Increases the Expression of Extracellular Matrix Genes in Human Skeletal MuscleQ58451168
Muscle glucose transport and phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic, obese nondiabetic, and genetically predisposed individualsQ60227968
Ability of Alternative Indices of Insulin Sensitivity to Predict Cardiovascular RiskQ60692503
A second-generation genetic linkage map of the baboon (Papio hamadryas) genomeQ61450418
Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a 25-year follow-up studyQ67521964
The disposal of an oral glucose load in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetesQ68123673
Insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the relationship between hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance and obesityQ68197320
Glucose toxicityQ68519957
Reduced incretin effect in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetesQ68865252
Documentation of hyperglucagonemia throughout the day in nonobese and obese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitusQ68917267
Impaired insulin secretion associated with near normoglycemia. Study in normal rats with 96-h in vivo glucose infusionsQ68935151
Islet amyloid polypeptide inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic isletsQ69502077
Co-localization of islet amyloid polypeptide and insulin in the B cell secretory granules of the human pancreatic isletsQ69522381
Regulation of Splanchnic and Peripheral Glucose Uptake by Insulin and Hyperglycemia in ManQ70237412
Counterregulatory Hormone Release and Glucose Recovery After Hypoglycemia in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetic PatientsQ70300852
Maximum Tubular Reabsorption Capacity for Glucose and Renal Hemodynamics during Rapid Hypertonic Glucose Infusion in Normal and Diabetic SubjectsQ70531560
Interaction of carbohydrate and fat fuels in human skeletal muscle: impact of obesity and NIDDMQ71097305
Effect of long chain triglyceride infusion on glucose metabolism in manQ71447509
Regulation of hexokinase II and glycogen synthase mRNA, protein, and activity in human muscleQ71553004
Molecular adaptations of GLUT1 and GLUT2 in renal proximal tubules of diabetic ratsQ72324013
Overexpression of GLUT2 gene in renal proximal tubules of diabetic Zucker ratsQ73430341
PGC-1alpha at the crossroads of type 2 diabetesQ73588702
Reciprocal variations in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and pancreatic insulin secretion in women with normal glucose toleranceQ74011817
Effects of insulin on subcellular localization of hexokinase II in human skeletal muscle in vivoQ74065230
UKPDS 28: a randomized trial of efficacy of early addition of metformin in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes. U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study GroupQ74432253
EFFECTS OF FAT INFUSION ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN PLASMA LEVELSQ76752574
Free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with activation of protein kinase C theta and alterations in the insulin signaling cascadeQ77795070
Insulin resistance as estimated by homeostasis model assessment predicts incident symptomatic cardiovascular disease in caucasian subjects from the general population: the Bruneck studyQ79678578
Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type II diabetic patientsQ79782845
P275copyright licenseCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 UnportedQ19125045
P6216copyright statuscopyrightedQ50423863
P433issue4
P407language of work or nameEnglishQ1860
P921main subjecttype 2 diabetesQ3025883
P304page(s)773-795
P577publication date2009-04-01
P1433published inDiabetesQ895262
P1476titleBanting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
P478volume58

Reverse relations

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Q26749089An Update on the Effect of Incretin-Based Therapies on β-Cell Function and Mass
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Q64935296Analysis of Patents Issued in China for Antihyperglycemic Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Q47402416Androgen signaling expands β-cell mass in male rats and β-cell androgen receptor is degraded under high-glucose conditions.
Q37391675Angiotensin II Promotes the Development of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients via Regulating the T Cells Activities: A Cohort Study
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Q35932340Association of the Genetic Polymorphisms in Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors- γ 2 with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and is Interaction with Obesity Status in Emirati Population
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Q51553915Bariatric surgery for diabetes: the International Diabetes Federation takes a position.
Q34264630Baseline adiponectin levels do not influence the response to pioglitazone in ACT NOW
Q64111064Beneficial Effects of Citrus Flavonoids on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Q33942058Beneficial effects of resistance exercise on glycemic control are not further improved by protein ingestion
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Q42115230Betatrophin: A liver-derived hormone for the pancreatic β-cell proliferation
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Q98178564Bile Acids: Key Regulators and Novel Treatment Targets for Type 2 Diabetes
Q37404625Biologic variability in plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and advanced glycation end products associated with diabetes complications
Q89999342Biomarkers for type 2 diabetes
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Q64299394Black African men with early type 2 diabetes have similar muscle, liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity to white European men despite lower visceral fat
Q34620547Bromocriptine approved as the first medication to target dopamine activity to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q35153082Bromocriptine in type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Q35130696CNX-011-67, a novel GPR40 agonist, enhances glucose responsiveness, insulin secretion and islet insulin content in n-STZ rats and in islets from type 2 diabetic patients.
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Q38164682Canagliflozin, a novel SGLT2 inhibitor for treatment of type 2 diabetes
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Q34383575Cardiovascular impact of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes
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Q34478412Castration-induced testosterone deficiency increases fasting glucose associated with hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance in adult male rats
Q42188498Causes of type 2 diabetes in China
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Q33801559Challenges in diagnosis and management of diabetes in the young
Q90668590Changes in Plasma Protein Expression Indicative of Early Diet-induced Metabolic Disease in Male Pigs (Sus scrofa)
Q37690772Changing the diagnosis criteria of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: do the ends justify the means?
Q33610676Changing the treatment paradigm for type 2 diabetes
Q37193454Characterization of renal glucose reabsorption in response to dapagliflozin in healthy subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes
Q35556656Characterization of the ZDSD Rat: A Translational Model for the Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Q38129446Choice of early treatment regimen and impact on β-cell preservation in type 2 diabetes
Q37949599Choosing a gliptin
Q27318852Chronic consumption of farmed salmon containing persistent organic pollutants causes insulin resistance and obesity in mice
Q34787903Chronic glucolipotoxic conditions in pancreatic islets impair insulin secretion due to dysregulated calcium dynamics, glucose responsiveness and mitochondrial activity
Q38074337Chronic hyperglycemia and glucose toxicity: pathology and clinical sequelae
Q33959764Chronic reduction of plasma free fatty acid improves mitochondrial function and whole-body insulin sensitivity in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals
Q50143071Circadian Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Q90371405Circadian clocks and insulin resistance
Q58828952Circulating SFRP5 levels are elevated in drug-naïve recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients as compared with prediabetic subjects and controls
Q92270005Clinical Characteristics and Glycemic Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Requiring Maximum Dose Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed-Ratio Combination or Insulin Glargine in the LixiLan-L Trial
Q39578134Clinical Considerations for Use of Initial Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Q38572961Clinical Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Bariatric Surgery
Q38971612Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL.
Q30238519Clinical Review of Antidiabetic Drugs: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management
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Q58789064Clinical adverse effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Q35064831Clinical characteristics of OGTT-derived hepatic- and muscle insulin resistance in healthy young men.
Q37979850Clinical considerations for the management of residual diabetes following bariatric surgery
Q41476579Clinical implications of canagliflozin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q34638128Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of linagliptin.
Q38468017Clinical use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q59136514Coffee and Type 2 Diabetes Risk
Q38204541Combating the dual burden: therapeutic targeting of common pathways in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Q51185982Combination Therapy With Exenatide Plus Pioglitazone Versus Basal/Bolus Insulin in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes on Sulfonylurea Plus Metformin: The Qatar Study.
Q34824247Combination of linagliptin and metformin for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes
Q51245398Combination of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Q26752294Combination therapy for the improvement of long-term macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: Rationale and evidence for early initiation
Q38633198Combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: dapagliflozin plus metformin
Q36303346Combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: adding empagliflozin to basal insulin
Q38640778Combination therapy of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: rationale and evidences
Q39255963Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor
Q48320074Combination therapy with multiple oral hypoglycaemic agents together with short-term basal insulin in new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus with marked hyperglycaemia
Q38014516Combining GLP-1 receptor agonists with insulin: therapeutic rationales and clinical findings
Q45841424Combining metabolomic non-targeted GC×GC-ToF-MS analysis and chemometric ASCA-based study of variances to assess dietary influence on type 2 diabetes development in a mouse model
Q42419413Comment on: Tam et al. Defining insulin resistance from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1605-1610.
Q41277849Comparison of Combined Tofogliflozin and Glargine, Tofogliflozin Added to Insulin, and Insulin Dose-Increase Therapy in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes
Q91813042Comparison of ELISA and HPLC-MS methods for the determination of exenatide in biological and biotechnology-based formulation matrices
Q33999894Comparison of GLP-1 analogues versus sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head studies
Q58766494Comparison of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs as Add-On Treatments in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Metformin: A Network Meta-Analysis
Q36637980Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes among whom different antihyperglycemic agents were prescribed as monotherapy or combination therapy by diabetes specialists.
Q88117871Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Q38167016Comparison of extended release GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy versus sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes
Q43045655Comparison of metformin, gliclazide MR and rosiglitazone in monotherapy and in combination for type 2 diabetes
Q64125156Computation and application of tissue-specific gene set weights
Q51702145Consensus guidelines, algorithms and care of the individual patient with type 2 diabetes.
Q38452883Continual evolution of type 2 diabetes: an update on pathophysiology and emerging treatment options
Q37606197Contribution of the serine kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to oxidant-induced insulin resistance in isolated rat skeletal muscle
Q37698362Cooperation between brain and islet in glucose homeostasis and diabetes
Q50145776Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Canagliflozin 300 mg Versus Dapagliflozin 10 mg Added to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States.
Q83532321Could FFAR1 assist insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes?
Q33662676Could pre-diabetes be considered a clinical condition? opinions from an endocrinologist and a cardiologist
Q38866233Creatine supplementation and glycemic control: a systematic review
Q36790184Cure of type 2 diabetes by metabolic surgery? A critical analysis of the evidence in 2010.
Q84596471Current literature in diabetes
Q38603504Current management of diabetes mellitus and future directions in care
Q38095652Current role of short-term intensive insulin strategies in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Q47430758DNA methylation markers associated with type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose and HbA1c levels: a systematic review and replication in a case-control sample of the Lifelines study.
Q33962117DNA methylation of microRNA-375 in impaired glucose tolerance
Q64082841DNAJB3 attenuates metabolic stress and promotes glucose uptake by eliciting Glut4 translocation
Q38902321DPP-4 inhibitor plus SGLT-2 inhibitor as combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: from rationale to clinical aspects
Q42718201Dapagliflozin Enhances Fat Oxidation and Ketone Production in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Q87001285Dapagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Q47871792Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: efficacy and safety over 2 years
Q41641012Dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes: effectiveness across the spectrum of disease and over time.
Q35578244Dapagliflozin lowers plasma glucose concentration and improves β-cell function
Q46875772Declining ß-cell function is associated with the lack of long-range negative correlation in glucose dynamics and increased glycemic variability: A retrospective analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q37738735Defects in insulin secretion and action in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q90733533Defining Disease Progression and Drug Durability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Q34374314Defining and achieving treatment success in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q38304236Delivery of integrated diabetes care using logistics and information technology--the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) program
Q91840038Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Literature
Q51137844Design and Synthesis of Novel, Selective GPR40 AgoPAMs.
Q43220830Determinants of glucose tolerance in impaired glucose tolerance at baseline in the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW) study
Q50638860Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT.
Q58081753Developing a Simple 3-Day Insulin Delivery Device to Meet the Needs of People With Type 2 Diabetes
Q47261129Development and Qualification of a Drug-Disease Modeling Platform to Characterize Clinically Relevant Endpoints in Type 2 Diabetes Trials
Q90116085Development of therapeutic options on type 2 diabetes in years: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist's role intreatment; from the past to future
Q26750829Diabetes Care in Venezuela
Q38894567Diabetes Incidence and Glucose Tolerance after Termination of Pioglitazone Therapy: Results from ACT NOW.
Q35737641Diabetes Remission after Nonsurgical Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Q36104634Diabetes Susceptibility Genes Pdx1 and Clec16a Function in a Pathway Regulating Mitophagy in β-Cells
Q38165184Diabetes and beta cell function: from mechanisms to evaluation and clinical implications
Q27686977Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report.
Q33959789Diabetes and cardiovascular disease in older adults: current status and future directions
Q26852990Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease
Q38304382Diabetes mellitus, a complex and heterogeneous disease, and the role of insulin resistance as a determinant of diabetic kidney disease
Q38036772Diabetes pharmacotherapy in 2012: considerations in medication selection
Q37102832Diabetes prevention: can insulin secretagogues do the job?
Q49833824Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Insights and Vascular Mechanisms
Q35785215Diabetes-Related Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARP/Ankrd23) Modifies Glucose Homeostasis by Modulating AMPK Activity in Skeletal Muscle
Q84592533Diabetes: Individualized therapy for diabetes mellitus--just a promise?
Q36426827Diabetes: have we got it all wrong? Hyperinsulinism as the culprit: surgery provides the evidence
Q35607330Diabetic nephropathy amelioration by a low-dose sitagliptin in an animal model of type 2 diabetes (Zucker diabetic fatty rat).
Q58754386Dicarbonyl Stress and Glyoxalase-1 in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
Q92258788Dietary Polyphenols and Gene Expression in Molecular Pathways Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Q35080426Dietary insulin index and insulin load in relation to biomarkers of glycemic control, plasma lipids, and inflammation markers
Q66475531Dietary interventions and type 2 diabetes in youth: a fresh look at the evidence.
Q28254308Dietary substitutions for refined carbohydrate that show promise for reducing risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women
Q35607527Differential effects of acute (extenuating) and chronic (training) exercise on inflammation and oxidative stress status in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q34392719Differential effects of prenatal and postnatal nutritional environment on ß-cell mass development and turnover in male and female rats
Q37995760Differentiating among incretin therapies: a multiple-target approach to type 2 diabetes
Q42175983Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4: A New Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis?
Q38603506Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Diverse Patient Populations With Type 2 Diabetes
Q37900690Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and preservation of pancreatic islet-cell function: a critical appraisal of the evidence
Q37735838Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q91728002Discharge pharmacotherapy for Type 2 diabetic inpatients at two hospitals of different tiers in Zhejiang Province, China
Q39779287Discovery and Optimization of Potent GPR40 Full Agonists Containing Tricyclic Spirocycles
Q38066566Discovery and development of exenatide: the first antidiabetic agent to leverage the multiple benefits of the incretin hormone, GLP-1.
Q39731191Discovery of AM-1638: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40/FFA1 Full Agonist
Q90403044Discovery of AM-6226: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40 Full Agonist That Displays Efficacy in Nonhuman Primates
Q36473140Discovery of a Potent and Orally Efficacious TGR5 Receptor Agonist
Q37322694Disproportionately Elevated Proinsulin Levels as an Early Indicator of β-Cell Dysfunction in Nondiabetic Offspring of Chinese Diabetic Patients.
Q35986714Disruption of circadian rhythms accelerates development of diabetes through pancreatic beta-cell loss and dysfunction
Q58572799Dissecting the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
Q37798048Distinctions between islet neogenesis and β‐cell replication: Implications for reversal of Type 1 and 2 diabetes
Q37784044Do nutrient-gut-microbiota interactions play a role in human obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?
Q38092275Do thiazolidinediones still have a role in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Q92544171Dose distribution and up-titration patterns of metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q87792134Dose-Dependent Effect of Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, on the QT Interval Following Short-Term Multiple Doses in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Q43764267Dose-ranging study with the glucokinase activator AZD1656 as monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q37509313Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients for whom metformin is contraindicated
Q38917672Dulaglutide in the treatment of adult type 2 diabetes: a perspective for primary care providers
Q38762377Early Combination Therapy with Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents in Type 2 Diabetes.
Q35450123Early-life origins of type 2 diabetes: fetal programming of the beta-cell mass
Q37413605Ectopic Fat Deposition on Insulin Sensitivity: Correlation of Hepatocellular Lipid Content and M Value
Q36363419Effect of Anthelmintic Treatment on Insulin Resistance: A Cluster-Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Indonesia
Q35742084Effect of Brazilian green propolis in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study
Q60572729Effect of Chronic Hyperglycemia on Glucose Metabolism in Subjects With Normal Glucose Tolerance
Q36716030Effect of Dapagliflozin With and Without Acipimox on Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in T2DM Males
Q38913719Effect of aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos fruit and leaf on glycemic, insulinemic and lipidemic status of type 2 diabetic model rats
Q51372081Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with glimepiride: a randomized, 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Q35060231Effect of diacerein on insulin secretion and metabolic control in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial
Q37119974Effect of glycemic control on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease.
Q45340364Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and bone density in subjects with prediabetes in the ACT NOW trial
Q51321708Effect of troxerutin on insulin signaling molecules in the gastrocnemius muscle of high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male rat.
Q34726395Effectiveness and Tolerability of Second-Line Therapy with Vildagliptin Versus Other Oral Agents in Type 2 Diabetes (EDGE): Post Hoc Sub-Analysis of Bulgarian Data
Q51370472Effectiveness of adding vildagliptin to the treatment of diabetic patients nonresponsive to the combination of metformin and a sulphonylurea.
Q48337235Effects of Anthocyanins on Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Q42366423Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies on Diabetic Microvascular Complications
Q34457696Effects of Three Low-Doses of D-Tagatose on Glycemic Control Over Six Months in Subjects with Mild Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Under Control with Diet and Exercise
Q58848621Effects of acute ingestion of whey protein with or without prior aerobic exercise on postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetics
Q43730588Effects of an outdoor bicycle-based intervention in healthy rural Indian men with normal and low birth weight
Q37328780Effects of cabergoline on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients: A double-blind controlled clinical trial.
Q47188329Effects of combination of change in visceral fat and thigh muscle mass on the development of type 2 diabetes
Q53789425Effects of crocin and voluntary exercise, alone or combined, on heart VEGF-A and HOMA-IR of HFD/STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats.
Q33804747Effects of exenatide plus rosiglitazone on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes on metformin
Q34023559Effects of exercise training on mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Q35560576Effects of insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents on glucose metabolism, vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects
Q34703169Effects of insulin versus sulphonylurea on beta-cell secretion in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a 6-year follow-up study
Q51299858Effects of piragliatin, a glucokinase activator, on fasting and postprandial plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Q34024589Effects of the First Line Diabetes Care (FiLDCare) self-management education and support project on knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, self-management practices and glycaemic control: a quasi-experimental study conducted in the Northern Philippines
Q51240449Effects on α- and β-cell function of sequentially adding empagliflozin and linagliptin to therapy in people with type 2 diabetes previously receiving metformin: An exploratory mechanistic study.
Q58697117Efficacy and Safety of Initial Combination Therapy in Treatment-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Q93020445Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Insulin: Exploratory Subgroup Analysis by Insulin Regimen
Q38082848Efficacy and safety of Jentadueto® (linagliptin plus metformin).
Q38005020Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q40177955Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 in type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled on oral antidiabetic therapy in Korea: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm study
Q34804900Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea: a randomised trial
Q34646948Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin monotherapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise
Q26782225Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, in diabetes mellitus
Q31082841Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review of the dulaglutide clinical data focusing on the AWARD phase 3 clinical trial program.
Q36366176Efficacy and safety of fasiglifam (TAK-875), a G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial
Q48226441Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 1 trial): 52-week primary endpoint results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not contr
Q92688509Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial
Q33585786Efficacy and safety of repaglinide vs nateglinide for treatment of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q34454269Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes
Q40492085Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter randomized double-blind study
Q38802437Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Q33731748Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, Saxagliptin or Sitagliptin as add-on therapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with dual combination of traditional oral hypoglycemic agents
Q58700185Efficacy and tolerability of novel triple combination therapy in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes from the TRIPLE-AXEL trial: protocol for an open-label randomised controlled trial
Q39137878Elevated Fasting Plasma Glucose before Liver Transplantation is Associated with Lower Post-Transplant Survival
Q64328753Elevated Levels of Alpha Cells Emanating from the Pancreatic Ducts of a Patient with a Low BMI and Chronic Pancreatitis
Q35576497Elevated levels of TWEAK in skeletal muscle promote visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction.
Q35217463Emergence of insulin resistance in juvenile baboon offspring of mothers exposed to moderate maternal nutrient reduction
Q38645792Emerging use of combination therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes - focus on saxagliptin and dapagliflozin
Q50000790Empagliflozin Treatment is Associated with Improved Beta Cell Function in T2DM.
Q38638523Empagliflozin and linagliptin combination therapy for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q38863649Empagliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Phase 3 Clinical Trials
Q34502358Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date
Q45718198Endogenous glucose production increases in response to metformin treatment in the glycogen-depleted state in humans: a randomised trial.
Q38082465Endothelial dysfunction in (pre)diabetes: characteristics, causative mechanisms and pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes
Q38592327Energy balance and metabolic changes with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition
Q34950492Enhanced lipid oxidation and maintenance of muscle insulin sensitivity despite glucose intolerance in a diet-induced obesity mouse model
Q57471786Estimate of prevalent diabetes from cardiometabolic index in general Chinese population: a community-based study
Q53678863Ethnic Similarities and Differences in the Relationship between Beta Cell Mass and Diabetes.
Q91896203Ethnic distinctions in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: a focus on black African-Caribbean populations
Q30429072Ethnicity, obesity and the metabolic syndrome: implications on assessing risk and targeting intervention
Q34974105Etiology of insulin resistance in youth with type 2 diabetes
Q53090753Evaluation and Use of Registry Data in a GIS Analysis of Diabetes.
Q55256840Evaluation of Diabetogenic Mechanism of High Fat Diet in Combination with Arsenic Exposure in Male Mice.
Q36026585Evaluation of Non-Laboratory and Laboratory Prediction Models for Current and Future Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional and Retrospective Cohort Study
Q27001226Evidence for DNA damage as a biological link between diabetes and cancer
Q37368593Evidence for central regulation of glucose metabolism
Q38219482Evidence-based practice use of incretin-based therapy in the natural history of diabetes
Q38908684Evidence-based practice use of quick-release bromocriptine across the natural history of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q38726891Evidences for diabetes and insulin mimetic activity of medicinal plants: Present status and future prospects
Q42798514Evodiamine activates AMPK and promotes adiponectin multimerization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Q38828606Evogliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Q55338781Evolution of Diabetes Care in Hong Kong: From the Hong Kong Diabetes Register to JADE-PEARL Program to RAMP and PEP Program.
Q36877205Evolution of exenatide as a diabetes therapeutic
Q34015968Exenatide affects circulating cardiovascular risk biomarkers independently of changes in body composition
Q33824522Exenatide extended-release: a once weekly treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes
Q42660412Exenatide is non-inferior to insulin in reducing HbA1c: an integrated analysis of 1423 patients with type 2 diabetes
Q54393731Exercise and obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
Q33558855Exercise in vivo marks human myotubes in vitro: Training-induced increase in lipid metabolism
Q30276925Exercise resistance across the prediabetes phenotypes: Impact on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism
Q36933850Exercise-like effects by Estrogen-related receptor-gamma in muscle do not prevent insulin resistance in db/db mice.
Q51298608Exploratory effects of a strong CYP3A inhibitor (ketoconazole), a strong CYP3A inducer (rifampicin), and concomitant ethanol on piragliatin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in type 2 diabetic patients.
Q48962187Expression of anti-inflammatory macrophage genes within skeletal muscle correlates with insulin sensitivity in human obesity and type 2 diabetes
Q42506140Factors of primary and secondary sulfonylurea failure in type 2 diabetic subjects
Q64936598Faecal Microbiota Are Related to Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Overweight or Obese Adults.
Q38160275Fasiglifam as a new potential treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes
Q35921374Features of hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance unique to type 1 diabetes
Q51674195Fine particulate matter potentiates type 2 diabetes development in high-fat diet-treated mice: stress response and extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio analysis.
Q37978206Fixed-dose combinations for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q37835612Focus on incretin-based therapies: targeting the core defects of type 2 diabetes
Q36584799FoxO1 integrates direct and indirect effects of insulin on hepatic glucose production and glucose utilization
Q38832716Free fatty acid receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: drugs in preclinical to phase II clinical development
Q89624033From NASH to diabetes and from diabetes to NASH: Mechanisms and treatment options
Q93016948From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research
Q45329335From Sea to Shining Sea and the Great Plains to Patagonia: A Review on Current Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America
Q38711383Future glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes.
Q92649404GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Type 2 Diabetes and Their Role in Primary Care: An Australian Perspective
Q37974712GLP-1 based therapies: differential effects on fasting and postprandial glucose
Q26858990GLP-1 receptor activated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells: mechanism and glucose dependence
Q60044940GLP-1RAs in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular effects and overview of cardiovascular outcome data
Q50786363GM3 ganglioside and phosphatidylethanolamine-containing lipids are adipose tissue markers of insulin resistance in obese women.
Q42477270Gastric Band Surgery Leads to Improved Insulin Secretion in Overweight People with Type 2 Diabetes
Q38616170Gastrointestinal actions of glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies: glycaemic control beyond the pancreas.
Q27026287Genetic and epigenetic control of metabolic health
Q38665748Genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock differentially influences insulin-mediated processes in the heart
Q38245418Genetic, nongenetic and epigenetic risk determinants in developmental programming of type 2 diabetes
Q38101993Gliptins (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) and risk of acute pancreatitis
Q41255366Gluc-HET, a complementary chick embryo model for the characterization of antidiabetic compounds
Q88862830Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists for Type 2 Diabetes
Q37015969Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues: An overview
Q90254074Glucokinase Activators for Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Future Developments
Q36783849Glucokinase activators for diabetes therapy: May 2010 status report
Q37921903Glucolipotoxicity and beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus: target for durable therapy?
Q33665283Glucolipotoxicity of the pancreatic beta cell.
Q35207924Glucose effectiveness in obese children: relation to degree of obesity and dysglycemia.
Q38607558Glucose effectiveness, but not insulin sensitivity, is improved after short-term interval training in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a controlled, randomised, crossover trial.
Q51295248Glucose homeostasis after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation: a comparison of subjects with C-peptide-positive non-type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Q34684326Glucose tolerance and weight loss in obese women with obstructive sleep apnea
Q39027378Glycaemic and insulin responses, glycaemic index and insulinaemic index values of rice between three Asian ethnic groups
Q40975010Glycemic and Metabolic Effects of Two Long Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Men with Normal Glucose Tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes
Q34374343Glycemic control and weight reduction without causing hypoglycemia: the case for continued safe aggressive care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and avoidance of therapeutic inertia
Q35104088Hepatic oxidative stress promotes insulin-STAT-5 signaling and obesity by inactivating protein tyrosine phosphatase N2
Q47273277Hepatitis B X-interacting protein promotes the formation of the insulin gene-transcribing protein complex Pdx-1/NeuroD1 in animal pancreatic β cells
Q36801780Herbal therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: chemistry, biology, and potential application of selected plants and compounds
Q30583410Heterogeneous behavior of lipids according to HbA1c levels undermines the plausibility of metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes: data from a nationwide multicenter survey.
Q43255368High fat and highly thermolyzed fat diets promote insulin resistance and increase DNA damage in rats.
Q97649418High glucose levels increase influenza-associated damage to the pulmonary epithelial-endothelial barrier
Q44561644High-intensity exercise training for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Q48019532Higher glucagon-to-insulin ratio is associated with elevated glycated hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes patients.
Q37682701How do we know if the brain is wired for type 2 diabetes?
Q42330152How many oral antidiabetic drugs before insulin?
Q41689680Human beta cell mass and function in diabetes: Recent advances in knowledge and technologies to understand disease pathogenesis
Q37238209Hyperglycemia induced and intrinsic alterations in type 2 diabetes-derived osteoclast function
Q26750414Hypoglycemic agents and potential anti-inflammatory activity
Q36638917IDegLira Improves Both Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Control as Demonstrated Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring and a Standardized Meal Test
Q45599801Identification of an Orally Efficacious GPR40/FFAR1 Receptor Agonist
Q34797019Identification of nuclear hormone receptor pathways causing insulin resistance by transcriptional and epigenomic analysis.
Q36560652Identification of serum metabolites associated with risk of type 2 diabetes using a targeted metabolomic approach
Q61456228Identification, pathophysiology, and clinical implications of primary insulin hypersecretion in nondiabetic adults and adolescents
Q33563262Identification, prevalence, and treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy in patients from a rural area in South Carolina
Q48231744Immediate enhancement of first-phase insulin secretion and unchanged glucose effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Q35594627Impact of Bromocriptine-QR Therapy on Glycemic Control and Daily Insulin Requirement in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects Whose Dysglycemia Is Poorly Controlled on High-Dose Insulin: A Pilot Study
Q36192546Impact of an exercise program on acylcarnitines in obesity: a prospective controlled study
Q33535235Impact of data from recent clinical trials on strategies for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q38524435Impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
Q47443616Impact of improving postprandial glycemic control with intensifying insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes
Q90221531Impaired glucagon suppression and reduced insulin sensitivity in subjects with prediabetes undergoing atorvastatin therapy
Q47912507Impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and fatty liver.
Q39149689Implementing elements of a context-adapted chronic care model to improve first-line diabetes care: effects on assessment of chronic illness care and glycaemic control among people with diabetes enrolled to the First-Line Diabetes Care (FiLDCare) Pro
Q39168097Implications of Resveratrol on Glucose Uptake and Metabolism.
Q35667116Importance of Beta Cell Function for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Q35095516Improved glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo by an allosteric monoclonal antibody that increases insulin receptor binding affinity
Q89059864Improved glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction with a simple wearable 3-day insulin delivery device among people with Type 2 diabetes
Q42619686Improved glycemic control with weight loss and a low risk of hypoglycemia with insulin detemir: insights from the Italian cohort of the PREDICTIVE study after 6-month observation in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Q38744831Improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: Stimulate insulin secretion or provide beta-cell rest?
Q39782891Improving the Pharmacokinetics of GPR40/FFA1 Full Agonists
Q91654496In silico analysis of antidiabetic potential of phenolic compounds from blue corn (Zea mays L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Q37577126In vivo actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion
Q35014728Inclusion of plasma lipid species improves classification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes
Q37653125Incorporating incretin-based therapies into clinical practice for patients with type 2 diabetes
Q34374336Incorporating incretin-based therapies into clinical practice: differences between glucagon-like Peptide 1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors
Q35790650Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure with Newly Prescribed Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Pioglitazone Using the Korean Health Insurance Claims Database
Q51142656Increased circulating levels of musclin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
Q35071262Increased gluconeogenesis in youth with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Q43620104Increased insulin secretion and decreased glucose concentrations, but not allostatic load, are associated with stress-related exhaustion in a clinical patient population
Q48376266Increased lipid availability for three days reduces whole body glucose uptake, impairs muscle mitochondrial function and initiates opposing effects on PGC-1α promoter methylation in healthy subjects
Q26778608Incretin therapies: highlighting common features and differences in the modes of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Q34374350Incretins: clinical perspectives, relevance, and applications for the primary care physician in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q90208131Independent and combined effects of triglyceride-glucose index on prehypertension risk: a cross-sectional survey in China
Q41934499Indexing Natural Products for Their Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity: Filtering and Mapping Discriminative Physicochemical Properties
Q42362563Individualizing therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus based on patient characteristics: what we know and what we need to know
Q64069791Influences of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c silencing on glucose production in HepG2 cells treated with free fatty acid
Q48283389Inhibition of Renal Sodium-Glucose Cotransport With Empagliflozin Lowers Fasting Plasma Glucose and Improves β-Cell Function in Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose.
Q92635199Inhibition of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Attenuates the Dysregulation of Kelch-Like 3 and NaCl Cotransporter in Obese Diabetic Mice
Q33844872Inhibitory G proteins and their receptors: emerging therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes
Q37449243Initial combination therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: considerations for metformin plus linagliptin
Q86057577Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Q38065105Initial combination with linagliptin and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and severe hyperglycemia
Q48140061Initiating therapy in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: Combination therapy vs a stepwise approach
Q36637567Injectable protease-operated depots of glucagon-like peptide-1 provide extended and tunable glucose control
Q42145401Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells
Q39334553Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
Q92650104Insulin Resistance in Patients With Acromegaly
Q26740228Insulin Secretory Capacity and Insulin Resistance in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Q92436405Insulin at the Crossroads of Metabolic, Neurologic, and Vasculature Disease
Q36080938Insulin clearance: confirmation as a highly heritable trait, and genome-wide linkage analysis
Q35703041Insulin detemir for the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes
Q28079442Insulin in the nervous system and the mind: Functions in metabolism, memory, and mood
Q33959744Insulin inhibits cardiac contractility by inducing a Gi-biased β2-adrenergic signaling in hearts.
Q36023488Insulin resistance and cancer risk: an overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms.
Q34974110Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic youth
Q45072923Insulin resistance is not necessarily an essential element of metabolic syndrome.
Q33880303Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009
Q34597334Insulin resistance, selfish brain, and selfish immune system: an evolutionarily positively selected program used in chronic inflammatory diseases
Q37838172Insulin resistance: pathophysiology and rationale for treatment
Q35688277Insulin secretion and its determinants in the progression of impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in impaired glucose-tolerant individuals: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Q48142012Insulin secretion predicts the response to therapy with exenatide plus pioglitazone, but not to basal/bolus insulin in poorly controlled T2DM patients: Results from the Qatar study
Q21135221Insulin sensitizing effects of oligomannuronate-chromium (III) complexes in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells
Q83394019Insulin therapy has a complex relationship with measure of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: a case for further study
Q44910855Insulin treatment of type 2 diabetes: considerations when converting from human insulin to insulin analogs
Q46981244Insulin vs GLP-1 analogues in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic subjects on oral therapy: a meta-analysis
Q51763477Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver: a positron emission tomography study.
Q88447761Insulin/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Are Two Agents Better Than One?
Q41860557Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q37961849Intensifying treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: adding insulin
Q30276888Inter-relationships between the severity of metabolic syndrome, insulin and adiponectin and their relationship to future type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Q26740630Interactions between kidney disease and diabetes: dangerous liaisons
Q37345367Interactome-transcriptome analysis discovers signatures complementary to GWAS Loci of Type 2 Diabetes
Q35932559Interpretation of cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes needs a multiaxial approach
Q36942266Interpreting adverse signals in diabetes drug development programs
Q91622597Intra- and inter-individual metabolic profiling highlights carnitine and lysophosphatidylcholine pathways as key molecular defects in type 2 diabetes
Q37523745Introduction to personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus
Q30426407Investigational anti-hyperglycemic agents: the future of type 2 diabetes therapy?
Q38735419Investigational insulin secretagogues for type 2 diabetes
Q92730289Ion channels and transporters in diabetic kidney disease
Q38340949Ipragliflozin , a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Q38605091Is Insulin Resistance a Feature of or a Primary Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?
Q47755876Is It Time to Change the Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Paradigm? Yes! GLP-1 RAs Should Replace Metformin in the Type 2 Diabetes Algorithm.
Q33880174Is the ADA/EASD algorithm for the management of type 2 diabetes (January 2009) based on evidence or opinion? A critical analysis
Q39003218Is there a justification for classifying GLP-1 receptor agonists as basal and prandial?
Q38038650Islet function in obese adolescents.
Q47137951Jia-Wei-Jiao-Tai-Wan ameliorates type 2 diabetes by improving β cell function and reducing insulin resistance in diabetic rats
Q64058814Label-free quantitation of glycated hemoglobin in single red blood cells by transient absorption microscopy and phasor analysis
Q54245859Lack of Potential Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, and Simvastatin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Q42500046Lentivirus shRNA Grb10 targeting the pancreas induces apoptosis and improved glucose tolerance due to decreased plasma glucagon levels
Q41661857Leptolide Improves Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
Q41369032Leveraging a Clinical Phase Ib Proof-of-Concept Study for the GPR40 Agonist MK-8666 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Model-Informed Phase II Dose Selection
Q53097629Linagliptin and pioglitazone combination therapy versus monotherapy with linagliptin or pioglitazone: A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multinational clinical trial.
Q38078436Linagliptin plus metformin: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation
Q38108636Linagliptin: farmacology, efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes treatment
Q37573689Linkage of type 2 diabetes on chromosome 9p24 in Mexican Americans: additional evidence from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study (VAGES).
Q55020927Liraglutide and Dulaglutide therapy in addition to SGLT-2 inhibitor and metformin treatment in Indian type 2 diabetics: a real world retrospective observational study.
Q48309227Liraglutide effects on beta-cell, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in patients with stable coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Q92526963Liraglutide improves the beta-cell function without increasing insulin secretion during a mixed meal in patients, who exhibit well-controlled type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
Q37813419Liraglutide in the management of type 2 diabetes
Q34168368Liver and muscle in morbid obesity: the interplay of fatty liver and insulin resistance.
Q38992654Lixisenatide: A New Daily GLP-1 Agonist for Type 2 Diabetes Management
Q34347844Long-term effect of metformin on blood glucose control in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q64110036Long-term safety and efficacy of the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin added on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (J-STEP/GLP): a 52-week open-label, multicenter, post-mar
Q39018646Long-term studies of treatments for type 2 diabetes
Q64099282Longevity-Associated Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Elderly Women
Q47940901Loureirin B promotes insulin secretion through inhibition of KATP channel and influx of intracellular calcium.
Q30413659Low sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome to identify adolescents with impaired glucose tolerance: an analysis of NHANES 1999-2010.
Q42982910Low-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone and metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (CANOE trial): a double-blind randomised controlled study
Q38201162Lowering plasma glucose concentration by inhibiting renal sodium-glucose cotransport
Q55425775Macrophages, meta-inflammation, and immuno-metabolism.
Q35574560Management of diabetes across the course of disease: minimizing obesity-associated complications
Q47424341Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in self-motivated patients: optimized diet, exercise, and medication for weight loss and cardiometabolic fitness
Q37102861Management of type 2 diabetes: evolving strategies for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes
Q37894446Management of type 2 diabetes: new and future developments in treatment
Q34332137Markers of tissue-specific insulin resistance predict the worsening of hyperglycemia, incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Q93016700Mechanism of Action of Inhaled Insulin on Whole Body Glucose Metabolism in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Q38951163Mechanisms of β-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload
Q33910549Metabolic characteristics of individuals at a high risk of type 2 diabetes - a comparative cross-sectional study
Q38305698Metabolic effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors beyond increased glucosuria: A review of the clinical evidence
Q35789001Metabolic predictors of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in a predisposed population--A prospective cohort study.
Q33858514Metabolic regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases
Q36437420Metabolomic biomarkers for personalised glucose lowering drugs treatment in type 2 diabetes
Q37965618Metformin + saxagliptin for type 2 diabetes
Q34679569Metformin Ameliorates Dysfunctional Traits of Glibenclamide- and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion by Suppression of Imposed Overactivity of the Islet Nitric Oxide Synthase-NO System
Q47767194Metformin Has Positive Therapeutic Effects in Colon Cancer and Lung Cancer
Q52668163Metformin and berberine, two versatile drugs in treatment of common metabolic diseases.
Q92895950Metformin upregulates mitophagy in patients with T2DM: A randomized placebo-controlled study
Q37991589Metformin use among individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes
Q54959769MicroRNA, Proteins, and Metabolites as Novel Biomarkers for Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Related Complications.
Q35070980MicroRNA-494, upregulated by tumor necrosis factor-α, desensitizes insulin effect in C2C12 muscle cells
Q47235131Microbial Regulation of Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance
Q91795538Mild Physiologic Hyperglycemia Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Healthy Normal Glucose-Tolerant Participants
Q85354889Mitigating the Burden of Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Opportunities
Q37889277Mitochondrial pathophysiology and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q34407918Modeling type 2 diabetes in rats using high fat diet and streptozotocin
Q38593252Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
Q33869713Molecular characterization of insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production in vivo
Q64260349Mother or Father: Who Is in the Front Line? Mechanisms Underlying the Non-Genomic Transmission of Obesity/Diabetes via the Maternal or the Paternal Line
Q36118363Mouse Models of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Kidney Disease
Q41558135Multi-parameter comparison of a standardized mixed meal tolerance test in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects: the PhenFlex challenge
Q43080783Neurotrophin Signaling Is Required for Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion
Q38640170New Basal Insulins: a Clinical Perspective of Their Use in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Novel Treatment Options Beyond Basal Insulin
Q38971792New fixed dose chemical combinations: the way forward for better diabetes type II management?
Q42171251New perspectives in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and treatment goals
Q90719496New pharmacological strategies for protecting kidney function in type 2 diabetes
Q51605998New therapeutic algorithm of Type 2 diabetes: lights and shadows.
Q36550275Newer antidiabetic drugs and calorie restriction mimicry
Q38085332Newer insulin analogs: advances in basal insulin replacement
Q49501260Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus
Q38859044Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: cause or consequence of type 2 diabetes?
Q35910421Novel Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Q35674683Novel insights into the relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis
Q90026919Novel insights of elevated systemic levels of bisphenol-A (BPA) linked to poor glycemic control, accelerated cellular senescence and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q34996866Novel metabolic markers for the risk of diabetes development in American Indians.
Q38259507Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance
Q38176148Nutritional management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity and pharmacologic therapies to facilitate weight loss
Q26825473Obesity and insulin resistance: an abridged molecular correlation
Q96611949Obesity relates to the impairment of pancreatic β-cell function in early adulthood, independent of age at obesity onset: Findings from the santiago longitudinal study
Q30415102Obesity, systemic inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes among adolescents: a need for screening tools to target interventions
Q38841043Obviating much of the need for insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A re-assessment of insulin therapy's safety profile
Q38884175Omarigliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Q28287325Once weekly exenatide compared with insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-3): an open-label randomised trial
Q30498295Ongoing beta-cell turnover in adult nonhuman primates is not adaptively increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Q38109704Options for prandial glucose management in type 2 diabetes patients using basal insulin: addition of a short-acting GLP-1 analogue versus progression to basal-bolus therapy
Q59711065Overfed but undernourished: recognizing nutritional inadequacies/deficiencies in patients with overweight or obesity
Q38128788Overview of food products and dietary constituents with antidiabetic properties and their putative mechanisms of action: a natural approach to complement pharmacotherapy in the management of diabetes
Q37961846Overview of the guidelines and evidence for the pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q89170110PAN-AMPK activator O304 improves glucose homeostasis and microvascular perfusion in mice and type 2 diabetes patients
Q90671184PDK4 Deficiency Suppresses Hepatic Glucagon Signaling by Decreasing cAMP Levels
Q38983387PINK1 deficiency in b-cells increases basal insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in mice
Q40214351PINK1 deficiency in β-cells increases basal insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in mice
Q35532241PKA Enhances the Acute Insulin Response Leading to the Restoration of Glucose Control
Q37992232PTP1B and TCPTP--nonredundant phosphatases in insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis
Q38773844Pancreatic Islet Responses to Metabolic Trauma
Q92228016Pancreatic stellate cells in the islets as a novel target to preserve the pancreatic β-cell mass and function
Q26825393Pancreatic α-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes: Old Kids on the Block
Q42818440Panorama of currently available treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes. The ADA/EASD treatment algorithm. Safety and tolerability
Q36827593Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC): design and methods
Q33812448Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
Q37577162Pathophysiologic approach to therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Q35898378Pathophysiologic differences among Asians, native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders and treatment implications
Q38188871Pathophysiological and pharmacological rationale for the use of exenatide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q45933172Pathophysiology and aetiology of impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance: does it matter for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Q89027524Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents
Q37505516Pathophysiology of prediabetes
Q38058244Pathophysiology of prediabetes and treatment implications for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Q26766404Patient considerations in type 2 diabetes - role of combination dapagliflozin-metformin XR
Q35093473Patterns of obesity development before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study
Q33602236Performance characteristics of the new definition of diabetes: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study
Q39413300Personalized management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: reflections from a Diabetes Care Editors' Expert Forum
Q33805824Personalized therapy algorithms for type 2 diabetes: a phenotype-based approach
Q34105064Pharmacodynamic effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, from a randomized study in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q51283569Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interaction Study of Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, and Glyburide, a Sulfonylurea, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Q37779779Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sitagliptin plus metformin
Q38856808Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Q38455771Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of the alogliptin plus pioglitazone combination for type 2 diabetes
Q52603694Pharmacological Agents Utilized in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes: Beyond Lowering A1c.
Q35997284Pharmacological approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes in fasting adults during Ramadan
Q47696671Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes: what's new in 2017?
Q30249371Pharmacology and therapeutic implications of current drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q39170345Pharmacotherapy of 'treatment resistant' type 2 diabetes
Q38835951Phenotypes of prediabetes and stratification of cardiometabolic risk
Q38141219Physical inactivity, insulin resistance, and the oxidative-inflammatory loop
Q38113095Physiologic and weight-focused treatment strategies for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: the metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and insulin (MGI) approach
Q47785505Pioglitazone Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Subjects With Diabetes.
Q34139048Pioglitazone and alogliptin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a pathophysiologically sound treatment
Q95407683Pioglitazone and bladder cancer
Q55397745Pioglitazone and cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients: is it good for all?
Q37606430Pioglitazone is equally effective for diabetes prevention in older versus younger adults with impaired glucose tolerance
Q37776510Pioglitazone: beyond glucose control.
Q59800725Plasma Asprosin Levels Are Associated with Glucose Metabolism, Lipid, and Sex Hormone Profiles in Females with Metabolic-Related Diseases
Q35833963Plasma Free Amino Acid Profiles Predict Four-Year Risk of Developing Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia, and Hypertension in Japanese Population
Q91131091Plasma cathepsin D activity is negatively associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese humans
Q38815590Plasma metabolomics identified novel metabolites associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in two prospective cohorts of Chinese adults.
Q35968092Pleiotropic effects of incretins
Q50988205Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones: implications for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Q91795502Possibility of pharmacokinetic drug interaction between a DPP-4 inhibitor and a SGLT2 inhibitor
Q34104455Possible role of interleukin-1β in type 2 diabetes onset and implications for anti-inflammatory therapy strategies
Q64064432Post hoc efficacy and safety analysis of insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed- ratio combination in North American patients compared with the rest of world
Q64996887Post-immunotherapy new onset diabetes (PINOD)-under-recognized etiology, unexplored presentation.
Q34219918Potency, selectivity and prolonged binding of saxagliptin to DPP4: maintenance of DPP4 inhibition by saxagliptin in vitro and ex vivo when compared to a rapidly-dissociating DPP4 inhibitor
Q39775206Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR142 Agonists as Novel Insulin Secretagogues for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Q28076530Practical combination therapy based on pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
Q50179665Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Interventions for Prevention and Risk Reduction.
Q37476370Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development.
Q35109037Predicting the development of diabetes using the product of triglycerides and glucose: the Chungju Metabolic Disease Cohort (CMC) study
Q51246450Prediction of clamp-derived insulin sensitivity from the oral glucose insulin sensitivity index.
Q37278256Prediction of diabetes based on baseline metabolic characteristics in individuals at high risk
Q64230805Predictors of the Therapeutic Efficacy and Consideration of the Best Combination Therapy of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors
Q34642449Pregnancy and the formative fifteen of diabetes
Q36825071Pregnancy augments hepatic glucose storage in response to a mixed meal
Q39796669Prehepatic secretion and disposal of insulin in obese adolescents as estimated by three-hour, eight-sample oral glucose tolerance tests
Q90522399Prevalence of β-cell antibodies and associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Qatar
Q35686344Preventive pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q98952064Progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 enhances obesity progression in mice by facilitating lipid accumulation in adipocytes
Q38062439Progression of β-cell dysfunction in obese youth
Q34894243Progressive hyperglycemia across the glucose tolerance continuum in older obese adults is related to skeletal muscle capillarization and nitric oxide bioavailability.
Q36846459Pronounced expression of the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue from brown bears (Ursus arctos) prior to hibernation
Q34613391Protein kinase Cε modulates insulin receptor localization and trafficking in mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Q38034083Proton pump inhibitors: impact on glucose metabolism
Q37433259Pseudoginsenoside F11, a Novel Partial PPAR γ Agonist, Promotes Adiponectin Oligomerization and Secretion in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Q35780690Psychological wellbeing and biochemical modulation in response to weight loss in obese type 2 diabetes patients
Q37354187Quality measure attainment with dapagliflozin plus metformin extended-release as initial combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc pooled analysis of two clinical studies
Q34325851Quantifying the improvement of surrogate indices of hepatic insulin resistance using complex measurement techniques
Q30423718Racial/ethnic and sex differences in the ability of metabolic syndrome criteria to predict elevations in fasting insulin levels in adolescents
Q92761598Radiologic evidence that hypothalamic gliosis is improved after bariatric surgery in obese women with type 2 diabetes
Q36303786Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia).
Q52650551Rapidly dissolvable microneedle patches for transdermal delivery of exenatide.
Q33955305Ras inhibition induces insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake
Q37251449Rationale and design of a multicenter randomized controlled study to evaluate the preventive effect of ipragliflozin on carotid atherosclerosis: the PROTECT study.
Q38672852Rationale for, Initiation and Titration of the Basal Insulin/GLP-1RA Fixed-Ratio Combination Products, IDegLira and IGlarLixi, for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.
Q38129805Rationale use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 1 diabetes
Q37351709Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a 4-year (208-week) phase III trial of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, versus glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insufficient glycemic control
Q37682555Reaching HbA1c goals with saxagliptin in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs
Q91492192Real-world diabetes prevention: from theory to practice
Q35001542Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
Q53704324Reduced Skeletal Muscle Phosphocreatine Concentration in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Quantitative Image-Based Phosphorus-31 MR Spectroscopy Study.
Q34110159Reduction in inflammatory gene expression in skeletal muscle from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients randomized to omentectomy
Q36830372Regulation of hepatic glucose uptake and storage in vivo
Q90248124Relationship Between Ginsenoside Rg3 and Metabolic Syndrome
Q48858104Relationship between glucose metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity in morbidly obese women
Q41497141Relationship between the triglyceride glucose index and coronary artery calcification in Korean adults.
Q57179232Renal Outcomes of Antidiabetic Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes-A Proposed MARE Definition
Q64964009Renal function and choroidal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography in diabetic patients.
Q48089786Renal function preservation with pioglitazone or with basal insulin as an add-on therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q42554440Renal glucose handling in diabetes and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition
Q36345951Renal sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibition in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q39035951Renal, metabolic and cardiovascular considerations of SGLT2 inhibition
Q42876331Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes
Q57817601Repurposing of Bromocriptine for Cancer Therapy
Q64121402Resistance Exercise Training Attenuates the Loss of Endogenous GLP-1 Receptor in the Hypothalamus of Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Q92989952Restricting carbohydrates at breakfast is sufficient to reduce 24-hour exposure to postprandial hyperglycemia and improve glycemic variability
Q38113101Review of insulin-dependent and insulin-independent agents for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and potential role for sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
Q38442816Revisiting weight reduction and management in the diabetic patient: Novel therapies provide new strategies
Q38751451Revitalization of pioglitazone: the optimum agent to be combined with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor.
Q37251144Rhein protects pancreatic β-cells from dynamin-related protein-1-mediated mitochondrial fission and cell apoptosis under hyperglycemia
Q92544129Risk of any hypoglycaemia with newer antihyperglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Q37921905Role of beta-cell dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q36481193Role of chrysin on expression of insulin signaling molecules
Q37566650Rosiglitazone maleate + metformin hydrochloride extend: review of an emerging compound.
Q47120332Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism Involving Down-Regulation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Obese Rats
Q37862878Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: understanding weight loss and improvements in type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery.
Q38195440SGLT inhibitors in management of diabetes
Q35906490SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A New Mechanism for Glycemic Control
Q88499272SGLT2 inhibition and heart failure-current concepts
Q37981884SGLT2 inhibition in diabetes mellitus: rationale and clinical prospects.
Q39189383SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy - complementary mechanisms of action for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q97523350SGLT2 inhibitors: mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit beyond glycaemic control
Q100694445SPARC promotes insulin secretion through down-regulation of RGS4 protein in pancreatic β cells
Q36763213Safety and Efficacy of D-Tagatose in Glycemic Control in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Q31066859Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Utilizing Data from the Exenatide Clinical Trial Development Program
Q38395221Safety of antidiabetes medications: An update
Q37963451Saxagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on recent studies
Q37982112Saxagliptin plus metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment
Q35411329Saxagliptin: A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q37973413Saxagliptin: a review of its use as combination therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the EU.
Q34239784Saxagliptin: the evidence for its place in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q59575138Screening for insulin-independent pathways that modulate glucose homeostasis identifies androgen receptor antagonists
Q33671491Screening of a natural compound library identifies emodin, a natural compound from Rheum palmatum Linn that inhibits DPP4.
Q38071007Second line therapy: type 2 diabetic subjects failing on metformin GLP-1/DPP-IV inhibitors versus sulphonylurea/insulin: for GLP-1/DPP-IV inhibitors
Q34562833Serotonin receptor 2C and insulin secretion
Q90566414Serum leptin and leptin resistance correlations with NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q64112606Serum triglycerides as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Q27329865Sex and Immunogen-Specific Benefits of Immunotherapy Targeting Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Transgenic and Wild-Type Mice
Q51351374Sex differences in glucose and insulin trajectories prior to diabetes diagnosis: the Whitehall II study.
Q35956851Sex hormone-binding globulin and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q47574951Shifting Paradigms in the Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Reflections on Recent Cardiovascular Outcome Trials
Q42200706Short-term high-fat diet increases macrophage markers in skeletal muscle accompanied by impaired insulin signalling in healthy male subjects.
Q51346088Sitagliptin improves beta-cell function in patients with acute coronary syndromes and newly diagnosed glucose abnormalities--the BEGAMI study.
Q35743988Skeletal muscle lipid flux: running water carries no poison
Q37406040Sleep apnea, sleep disturbance, and fasting glucose variability: a pilot study
Q48244700Sleep duration and sleep quality are associated differently with alterations of glucose homeostasis
Q95261292Sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy: a developmental origin of offspring obesity?
Q42696994Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, tofogliflozin, shows better improvements of blood glucose and insulin secretion in patients with high insulin levels at baseline
Q38270203Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and their mechanism for improving glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Q91604376Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Combination with Other Glucose-lowering Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Q26752703Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of current evidence
Q38687258Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as add-on therapy to insulin: rationale and evidences
Q37722896Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors combined with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes: a review of current clinical evidence and rationale
Q98778627Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q41959585Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition and the insulin: Glucagon ratio: Unexplored dimensions
Q26752815Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor combination therapy to optimize glycemic control and tolerability in patients with type 2 diabetes: focus on dapagliflozin-metformin
Q38777020Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and genital and urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetes
Q38628037Sotagliflozin as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q47594287Statin use and risk for type 2 diabetes: what clinicians should know.
Q28069065Strategies for Diabetes Management: Using Newer Oral Combination Therapies Early in the Disease
Q37117608Strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes: an update for clinicians
Q98158939Stress Hyperglycaemia Indicates Embolus Size and Localization in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Q52709053Structure and Function of Bone Marrow Adipocytes.
Q90402955Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel and Selective Biaryl-Chroman GPR40 AgoPAMs
Q38858810Study of the risk factors and complications of diabetes mellitus after live kidney donation
Q34516303Study to determine the durability of glycaemic control with early treatment with a vildagliptin-metformin combination regimen vs. standard-of-care metformin monotherapy-the VERIFY trial: a randomized double-blind trial
Q91492188Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES)
Q51049617Sugar-sweetened product consumption alters glucose homeostasis compared with dairy product consumption in men and women at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Q45835046Sugars and Health Controversies: What Does the Science Say?123.
Q53725001Sulforaphane ameliorates the insulin responsiveness and the lipid profile but does not alter the antioxidant response in diabetic rats.
Q36405748Sulforaphane reduces hepatic glucose production and improves glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Q36926879Superiority of lipoprotein particle number to detect associations with arterial thickness and stiffness in obese youth with and without prediabetes.
Q30405974Surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes: the surgeon perspective.
Q90884287Sustained Improvements in Glucose Metabolism Late After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients with and Without Preoperative Diabetes
Q35920736Synapsins I and II are not required for β-cell insulin secretion: granules must pool their own weight
Q85111372Synergy Between Scientific Advancement and Technological Innovation, Illustrated by a Mechanism‐Based Model Characterizing Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibition
Q45388469Synthesis and antidiabetic activity of 2,4-thiazolidindione, imidazolidinedione and 2-thioxo-imidazolidine-4-one derivatives bearing 6-methyl chromonyl pharmacophore
Q38224376Systems analysis and the prediction and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q35155962TRAIL modulates the immune system and protects against the development of diabetes
Q47372528TRAIL reduces impaired glucose tolerance and NAFLD in the high-fat diet fed mouse.
Q38036770Targeting renal glucose reabsorption for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin
Q39017610Targeting renal glucose reabsorption to treat hyperglycaemia: the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibition.
Q37782506Targeting β-Cell Function Early in the Course of Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Q34460943Targets and candidate agents for type 2 diabetes treatment with computational bioinformatics approach
Q37662672Targets and probes for non-invasive imaging of β-cells
Q48117288Ten-year weight gain is associated with elevated fasting insulin levels and precedes glucose elevation
Q24628948Teneligliptin: a DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Q58697826The "A to Z" of Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Culturally Diverse Populations
Q38629197The Clinical Use of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide (Xultophy 100/3.6) for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Q38474070The Current Drug Treatment Landscape for Diabetes and Perspectives for the Future
Q64102562The Effect of Puguntano Leaf Extract (.) On P38 Mapk Levels and Glut-4 Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Muscle
Q34526790The Effects of Breakfast Consumption and Composition on Metabolic Wellness with a Focus on Carbohydrate Metabolism
Q55245154The Gut Microbiome as a Target for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Q33636295The HMGA1-IGF-I/IGFBP system: a novel pathway for modulating glucose uptake
Q35824137The Impact of Hepatitis B Vaccination Status on the Risk of Diabetes, Implicating Diabetes Risk Reduction by Successful Vaccination
Q39294694The Insulin:Glucagon Ratio and the Choice of Glucose-Lowering Drugs
Q102060110The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives
Q58114519The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Q94602996The Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Non-obese Individuals: An Overview of the Current Understanding
Q38527885The Place of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Therapeutics: A "Me Too" or "the Special One" Antidiabetic Class?
Q92316034The Role of DPP-4 Inhibitors in the Treatment Algorithm of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: When to Select, What to Expect
Q26745148The Role of Gut Microflora and the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Neuroendocrine System in Diabetes Mellitus
Q39140294The Role of the Pharmacist in Managing Type 2 Diabetes with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists as Add-On Therapy
Q38610829The TZD insulin sensitizer clue provides a new route into diabetes drug discovery
Q37652799The Time Is Right for a New Classification System for Diabetes: Rationale and Implications of the β-Cell-Centric Classification Schema.
Q38680984The benefits and risks of DPP4-inhibitors vs. sulfonylureas for patients with type 2 diabetes: accumulated evidence from randomised controlled trial
Q38602464The changing face of diabetes in youth: lessons learned from studies of type 2 diabetes
Q28511990The diabetes susceptibility gene Clec16a regulates mitophagy
Q41858733The dirty dozen of diabetes
Q37681206The disposition index: adjustment for peripheral vs. hepatic insulin sensitivity?
Q41689708The dynamic plasticity of insulin production in β-cells.
Q38793748The effect of empagliflozin on oxidative nucleic acid modifications in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Q28588479The effects of propionate and valerate on insulin responsiveness for glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes via G protein-coupled receptor 41
Q35260544The effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials
Q42054096The evolving world of GLP-1 agonist therapies for type 2 diabetes
Q83497334The four-variable modification of diet in renal disease formula underestimates glomerular filtration rate in obese type 2 diabetic individuals with chronic kidney disease
Q37029711The fractalkine/CX3CR1 system regulates β cell function and insulin secretion
Q51013418The higher diabetogenic risk of tacrolimus depends on pre-existing insulin resistance. A study in obese and lean Zucker rats.
Q36508961The importance of palmitoleic acid to adipocyte insulin resistance and whole-body insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes
Q38139508The importance of synthetic drugs for type 2 diabetes drug discovery
Q38126109The kidney as a new target for antidiabetic drugs: SGLT2 inhibitors
Q40970126The law of therapeutic parsimony
Q54408659The lipid peroxidation end-product and oxidant 4-hydroxynonenal induces insulin resistance in rat slow-twitch skeletal muscle.
Q35855739The malnutrition of obesity: micronutrient deficiencies that promote diabetes
Q36592820The potential role of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in the early treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q38920983The power of two: an update on fixed-dose combinations for type 2 diabetes
Q51309739The product of triglycerides and glucose in comparison with fasting plasma glucose did not improve diabetes prediction.
Q38247935The regulation of glucose metabolism: implications and considerations for the assessment of glucose homeostasis in rodents.
Q90398573The relationship between pancreatic cancer and type 2 diabetes: cause and consequence
Q34718244The relationship between {beta}-cell function and glycated hemoglobin: results from the veterans administration genetic epidemiology study.
Q37632127The renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and a mini-review of the literature
Q26999933The risk of heart failure associated with the use of noninsulin blood glucose-lowering drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies
Q38146960The role of bariatric surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: current evidence and clinical guidelines
Q37321871The role of nateglinide and repaglinide, derivatives of meglitinide, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Q89459058The role of physical activity in metabolic homeostasis before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an IMI DIRECT study
Q37737921The role of physical activity in type 2 diabetes prevention: physiological and practical perspectives
Q37940036The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis: a new path towards normalizing glycaemia.
Q36078949The thrifty phenotype hypothesis revisited
Q92771766Therapeutic efficacy and safety of initial triple combination of metformin, sitagliptin, and lobeglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: initial triple study
Q37660219Therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q37682561Therapeutic options that provide glycemic control and weight loss for patients with type 2 diabetes
Q64997065Therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with very high HbA1c: is insulin the only option?
Q26851905Thiazolidinediones and Edema: Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Thiazolidinediones-Induced Renal Sodium Retention
Q45329033Thiazolidinediones and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes
Q42567801Thrombin stimulates insulin secretion via protease-activated receptor-3
Q60921756Thromboxane-Dependent Platelet Activation in Obese Subjects with Prediabetes or Early Type 2 Diabetes: Effects of Liraglutide- or Lifestyle Changes-Induced Weight Loss
Q60921679Thyroid Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Single Center Study
Q48092622Time to Glycemic Control - an Observational Study of 3 Different Operations.
Q35076020Time to be cautious about prescribing sulfonylureas?
Q42390253Timely insulin use: Need for social marketing
Q45497146Trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors before diagnosis of three subtypes of type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the longitudinal Whitehall II cohort study.
Q33843643Trajectories of glycaemia, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in South Asian and white individuals before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal analysis from the Whitehall II cohort study.
Q35242951Transcriptomic identification of ADH1B as a novel candidate gene for obesity and insulin resistance in human adipose tissue in Mexican Americans from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study (VAGES)
Q39821664Transcriptomics in type 2 diabetes: Bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype
Q60301930Treatment approach to type 2 diabetes: Past, present and future
Q39562298Treatment of diabetes using traditional Chinese medicine: past, present and future
Q26783350Treatment of prediabetes
Q30384663Triglyceride High-Density Lipoprotein Ratios Predict Glycemia-Lowering in Response to Insulin Sensitizing Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the BARI 2D.
Q37258174Triglyceride glucose index, a marker of insulin resistance, is associated with coronary artery stenosis in asymptomatic subjects with type 2 diabetes
Q37240257Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference, a novel and effective predictor of diabetes in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients: cross-sectional and prospective cohort study
Q41034697Triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio as screening tool for impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents
Q42010899Triple Combination Therapy Using Metformin, Thiazolidinedione, and a GLP-1 Analog or DPP-IV Inhibitor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Q92391721Triple therapy with low-dose dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus dual therapy with each monocomponent, all added to metformin, in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
Q92025086Two Cases of Successful Type 2 Diabetes Control with Lifestyle Modification in Children and Adolescents
Q89258111Type 2 diabetes
Q30404232Type 2 diabetes across generations: from pathophysiology to prevention and management
Q27694430Type 2 diabetes can be prevented with early pharmacological intervention
Q42171281Type 2 diabetes comorbidities and treatment challenges: rationale for DPP-4 inhibitors
Q45825323Type 2 diabetes in Asia: like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a threat to human health and wellbeing
Q39356601Type 2 diabetes in adolescents: a severe phenotype posing major clinical challenges and public health burden
Q36783734Type 2 diabetes in youth: epidemiology and pathophysiology
Q58447602Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q63352658Type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis
Q34620430Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the cardiometabolic syndrome: impact of incretin-based therapies
Q37837496Type 2 diabetes mellitus--current therapies and the emergence of surgical options
Q37750278Type 2 diabetes: an expanded view of pathophysiology and therapy
Q39061970Under-treatment of type 2 diabetes: Causes and outcomes of clinical inertia.
Q30431540Underdiagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Hispanic Black Adolescents: A Call for Ethnic-Specific Criteria
Q42927083Understanding GLP-1 Analogs and Enhancing Patient Success
Q30240030Understanding and overcoming metformin gastrointestinal intolerance.
Q61795976Understanding the manifestation of diabetes in sub Saharan Africa to inform therapeutic approaches and preventive strategies: a narrative review
Q90599845Understanding the relevance of herb-drug interaction studies with special focus on interplays: a prerequisite for integrative medicine
Q33775419Upregulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Protein 8-Like 2 mRNA Is Negatively Correlated with Serum Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin 6 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Q40153908Use of HOMA-IR to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based and inter-laboratory study
Q47700645Use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Q38599975Use of oral combination therapy for type 2 diabetes in primary care: Meeting individualized patient goals
Q38587097User's guide to mechanism of action and clinical use of GLP-1 receptor agonists
Q36327126Utility of Saxagliptin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Review of Efficacy and Safety
Q40215172Utility of serum lipid ratios for predicting incident type 2 diabetes: the Isfahan Diabetes Prevention Study
Q51365759Validation of a multi-marker model for the prediction of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: combined results of the Inter99 and Botnia studies.
Q38443777Vegetarian Diets in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Q38952609Viral Hepatitis and Diabetes: Clinical Implications of Diabetes Prevention Through Hepatitis Vaccination
Q42799850WSF-P-1, a novel AMPK activator, promotes adiponectin multimerization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Q35132986Weight Loss as a Cure for Type 2 Diabetes? Fact or Fantasy
Q38851257What Have Metabolomics Approaches Taught Us About Type 2 Diabetes?
Q38241464What are the pharmacotherapy options for treating prediabetes?
Q26786524What's next after metformin? focus on sulphonylurea: add-on or combination therapy
Q33354192Why Do SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit only 30-50% of renal glucose reabsorption in humans?
Q47616995Workplace bullying and violence as risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a multicohort study and meta-analysis
Q51350644XMetA, an allosteric monoclonal antibody to the insulin receptor, improves glycaemic control in mice with diet-induced obesity.
Q52679204YH18968, a Novel 1,2,4-Triazolone G-Protein Coupled Receptor 119 Agonist for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Q90613030Youth with type 2 diabetes have hepatic, peripheral, and adipose insulin resistance
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